Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Journals of the Senate, No. 48, 22 June 2017, p. 1540.

[2]        Selection of Bills Committee, Report No.7 of 2017, 22 June 2017, appendix 2.

[3]        The Hon Malcom Turnbull, Prime Minister, and the Hon Peter Dutton, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Strengthening the Integrity of Australian Citizenship', Media Release, 20 April 2017.

[4]        The Hon Malcom Turnbull, Prime Minister, and the Hon Peter Dutton, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Strengthening the Integrity of Australian Citizenship', Media Release, 20 April 2017.

[5]        The Hon Peter Dutton MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, House of Representatives Hansard, No. 9, 15 June 2017, p. 6611.

[6]        The committee's website can be found at www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Legal_and_Constitutional_Affairs.

[7]        Explanatory Memorandum, p. 7.

[8]        Explanatory Memorandum, pp. 70–88.

[9]        Explanatory Memorandum, p. 88

Chapter 2 - Background to the bill

[1]        Hon Paul Fletcher MP, House of Representatives Hansard, No. 17, 23 October 2014, p. 11743.

[2]        Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 28.

[3]        Journals of the Senate, No. 63, 30 October 2014, pp. 1689–1691.

[4]        The Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee, Australian Citizenship and Other Legislation Amendment Bill 2014 [Provisions], 1 December 2014, p. 42.

[5]        Senator the Hon. Concetta Fierravanti-Wells and the Hon. Philip Ruddock, Australian Citizenship—Your right, your responsibility, National Consultation on Citizenship, Final Report, 2015, p. 6.

[6]        Senator the Hon. Concetta Fierravanti-Wells and the Hon. Philip Ruddock, Australian Citizenship—Your right, your responsibility, National Consultation on Citizenship, Final Report, 2015, pp. 22–23.

[7]        The Hon Malcom Turnbull, Prime Minister, and the Hon Peter Dutton, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Strengthening the Integrity of Australian Citizenship', Media Release, 20 April 2017.

[8]        The Hon Malcom Turnbull, Prime Minister, and the Hon Peter Dutton, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Strengthening the Integrity of Australian Citizenship', Media Release, 20 April 2017.

[9]        The Hon Malcom Turnbull, Prime Minister, and the Hon Peter Dutton, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Strengthening the test for Australian citizenship, April 2017, p. 19.

[10]      The Hon Malcom Turnbull, Prime Minister, and the Hon Peter Dutton, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Strengthening the test for Australian citizenship, April 2017, pp. 6–7.

Chapter 3 - Key issues

[1]        Australian Government, Strengthening the Test for Australian Citizenship, 20 April 2017, p. 18; see also the Hon Malcom Turnbull, Prime Minister, and the Hon Peter Dutton, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Strengthening the Integrity of Australian Citizenship', Media Release, 20 April 2017.

[2]        Australian Government, Strengthening the Test for Australian Citizenship, 20 April 2017, pp. 6–7.

[3]        Explanatory Memorandum, p. 65.

[4]        Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Scrutiny Digest 7 of 2017, 21 June 2017; Oz Kiwi, Submission 339, p. 8; Get Up, Submission 372, p. 14; Legal Aid NSW, Submission 385, pp. 9–10; Refugee Legal, Submission 439, p. 19; Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 449, p. 15; Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission 454, p. 7; Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, p. 8; Labor for Refugees NSW, Submission 469, p. 1; The American Chamber of Commerce in Australia, Submission 369, p. 3; Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, pp. 16–17; Federation of Ethnic Communities' Councils of Australia, Submission 410, p. 4; Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 9 and 11.

[5]        Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Scrutiny Digest 7 of 2017, 21 June 2017, p. 19.

[6]        The Hon Peter Dutton MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Response to Scrutiny Digest No 7 of 2017 from the Senate Scrutiny of Bills Committee, p. 4.

[7]        Mr Dutton, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Response to Scrutiny Digest No 7 of 2017 from the Senate Scrutiny of Bills Committee, p. 5.

[8]        Mr Dutton, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Response to Scrutiny Digest No 7 of 2017 from the Senate Scrutiny of Bills Committee, p. 5.

[9]        Mr Dutton, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Response to Scrutiny Digest No 7 of 2017 from the Senate Scrutiny of Bills Committee, p. 6.

[10]      Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Scrutiny Digest 8 of 2017, 9 August 2017, p. 60.

[11]      Dr Penny McCall Howard, Member, Fair Go For Migrants, Proof Committee Hansard, 23 August 2017, pp. 1–3. See also statements made by Ms Sara, Miss Shruti, and Mr Kon, Proof Committee Hansard, 23 August 2017, pp. 12–16.

[12]      Mr Kon, Proof Committee Hansard, 23 August 2017, p. 16.

[13]      Name withheld, Submission 143, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 97, p. 1; and Name withheld, Submission 376, p. 1.

[14]      Mr Damien Kilner, Assistant Secretary, Family and Citizenship Programme, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 August 2017, p. 48.

[15]      Subsection 22(1) of the Act; see also Explanatory Memorandum, p. 28.

[16]      See paragraph 22(1)(a)(c) and subsections 22(1), 22(1A) and 22(1B) of the bill.

[17]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 28.

[18]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, pp. 35–38.

[19]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, pp. 35–38.

[20]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 42.

[21]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 46.

[22]      University of Adelaide, Public Law and Policy Research Unit, Submission 398, p. 5; Legal Aid NSW, Submission 385, p. 4; and Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 11.

[23]      Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 11.

[24]      Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 11.

[25]      Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, pp. 11–12.

[26]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 44.

[27]      University of Adelaide, Public Law and Policy Research Unit, Submission 398, p. 5. See also Diversity Council Australia, Submission 141, p. 7. Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 5.

[28]      Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 12.

[29]      Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 12.

[30]      Name withheld, Submission 386, p. 1.

[31]      Oz Kiwi, Submission 339, pp. 5–6; Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, pp. 11–12; University of Melbourne Student Union, Submission 417, p. 1. See also Matthew, Proof Committee Hansard, 25 August 2017, pp. 12–15; and Mr Kevin Balshaw, Proof Committee Hansard, 31 August 2017, pp. 16–17.

[32]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, p. 11.

[33]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, p. 11.

[34]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, pp. 11–12.

[35]      Item 41, paragraph 21(2)(e) of the bill.

[36]      Explanatory Memorandum, pp. 26–27.

[37]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 27.

[38]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 52.

[39]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 52.

[40]      See for example the Forum of Australian Services for Survivors of Torture and Trauma (FASSTT), Submission 451, p. 7; and Professor Alexander Reilly, Director, Public Law and Policy Unit, University of Adelaide, Proof Committee Hansard, 23 August 2017, pp. 24–25.

[41]      Professor Alexander Reilly, Director, Public Law and Policy Research Unit, University of Adelaide, Proof Committee Hansard, 23 August 2017, pp. 24–25.

[42]      Forum of Australian Services for Survivors of Torture and Trauma (FASSTT), Submission 451, pp. 7–8. See also Senator the Hon. Concetta Fierravanti-Wells and the Hon. Philip Ruddock, Australian Citizenship—Your right, your responsibility, National Consultation on Citizenship, Final Report, 2015, Recommendation 15, p. 22.

[43]      Forum of Australian Services for Survivors of Torture and Trauma (FASSTT), Submission 451, pp. 8. See also Centre for Human Rights Education, Submission 377, p. 3; and White Ribbon Australia, Submission 388, p. 2.

[44]      Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Scrutiny Digest 7 of 2017, 21 June 2017, p. 5.

[45]      Mr Dutton, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Response to Scrutiny Digest No 7 of 2017 from the Senate Scrutiny of Bills Committee, p. 2.

[46]      Mr Dutton, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Response to Scrutiny Digest No 7 of 2017 from the Senate Scrutiny of Bills Committee, p. 2.

[47]      Mr Dutton, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Response to Scrutiny Digest No 7 of 2017 from the Senate Scrutiny of Bills Committee, p. 2.

[48]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 49.

[49]      Professor Catherine Elder, Principal Fellow and Acting Director, Language Testing Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Proof Committee Hansard, 25 August 2017, pp. 44–45.

[50]      Professor Tim McNamara, quoted in ABC Fact Check, 'Fact check: Will the Government's new citizenship test demand a university-level standard of English?', ABC News Online, 28 June 2017.

[51]      Australian Council of TESOL Associations, submission 292, p. 5.

[52]      Australian Council of TESOL Associations, submission 292, p. 8.       

[53]      University of Melbourne Language Testing Research Centre, Submission 398, p. 7.

[54]      Australian Council of TESOL Associations, submission 292, p. 22. See also Jesuit Refugee Service Australia, Submission 387, 4; Refugee & Immigration Legal Service, Submission 415, p. 2; Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 449, p. 7.

[55]      Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 13.

[56]      Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 13.

[57]      Mr Peter Mares, Proof Committee Hansard, 25 August 2017, p. 32.

[58]      Mr Peter Mares, Proof Committee Hansard, 25 August 2017, p. 32. See for example Edmund Rice Centre, Submission 303, p. 5 and St Vincent de Paul Society, Submission 419, p. 3.

[59]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 60.

[60]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 54.

[61]      Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 40; and Dr Helen Moore, Spokesperson, Australian Council of TESOL Associations, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 August 2017, pp. 39–40.

[62]      Dr Michelle Kohler, President, Applied Linguistics Association of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 25 August 2017, pp. 45–46.

[63]      Dr Michelle Kohler, President, Applied Linguistics Association of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 25 August 2017, pp. 45–46.

[64]      Ms Annie Brent, Teacher, Australian Council of TESOL Associations, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 August 2017, pp. 39–40.

[65]      Ms Annie Brent, Teacher, Australian Council of TESOL Associations, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 August 2017, pp. 39–40.

[66]      Professor Kim Rubenstein, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 August 2017, pp 2–3; and Dr Helen Moore, Spokesperson, Australian Council of TESOL Associations, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 August 2017, p.37.

[67]      Professor Kim Rubenstein, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 August 2017, p. 3.

[68]      Dr Helen Moore, Spokesperson, Australian Council of TESOL Associations, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 August 2017, p. 37.

[69]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 36.

[70]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 68.

[71]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 68.

[72]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 68.

[73]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, p.16.

[74]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, p.16.

[75]      Mr David Prince, Chair, Migration Law Committee, Law Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 August 2017, p. 17.

[76]      Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission 454, p. 18.

[77]      University of Melbourne, Language Testing Research Centre, Submission 312, p. 6.

[78]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 69.

[79]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 27.

[80]      Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Scrutiny Digest 7 of 2017, 21 June 2017, p. 3.

[81]      Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Scrutiny Digest 7 of 2017, 21 June 2017, p. 3.

[82]      Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 15; University of Adelaide, Public Law and Policy Research Unit, Submission 398, p. 8; Legal Aid NSW, Submission 385, p. 7; and Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, p. 16.

[83]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, pp. 16–17.

[84]      Anglicare Sydney, Submission 308, p. 9.

[85]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 53

[86]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 53.

[87]      Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Scrutiny Digest 7 of 2017, 21 June 2017, p. 10.

[88]      Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Scrutiny Digest 7 of 2017, 21 June 2017, pp. 10–11.

[89]      Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 14 and p. 28; NSW Council for Civil Liberties, Submission 436, pp. 8–9

[90]      Australian Multicultural Council, Submission 334, p. 2.

[91]      Australian Multicultural Council, Submission 334, p. 2.

[92]      Australian Multicultural Council, Submission 334, p. 3.

[93]      Australian Multicultural Council, Submission 334, p. 3;

[94]      Australian Multicultural Council, Submission 334, p. 3.

[95]      Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 19.  See also Refugee Council of Australia, Delays in Citizenship Applications for Permanent Refugee Visa Holders, October 2015, p. 9; University of Adelaide, Public Law and Policy Research Unit, Submission 398, pp. 9–10; Muslim Legal Network (NSW), Submission 413, p. 9; and Queenscliff Rural Australians for Refugees, Submission 320, p. 1.

[96]      Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 19.

[97]      Professor Kim Rubenstein, Submission 404, p. 5; see also Australian Monarchist League, Submission 462, p. 1.

[98]      Lutheran Church of Australia, Submission 364, p. 4.

[99]      Australian Monarchist League, Submission 462, p. 1

[100]    Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 20.

[101]    Explanatory Memorandum, p. 49.

[102]    Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Seventeenth Report of 2014, pp. 1031–1032.

[103]    Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 21; and Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission  47, p. 22.

[104]    Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 21.

[105]    Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 84.

[106]    Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, p. 20.

[107]    Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, p. 20. See also Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission 454, p. 11 and Refugee Legal, Submission 439, p. 7.

[108]    Legal Aid NSW, Submission 385, p. 8.

[109]    Refugee Legal, Submission 439, p. 9.

[110]    Refugee Advice and Casework Service, Submission 441, p. 4.

[111]    Refugee Advice and Casework Service, Submission 441, pp. 4–5. See also Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 20.

[112]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 20. See also Multicultural Youth Advocacy Network, Submission 443, pp. 3–4.

[113]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 21.

[114]    These decisions relate to the refusal to approve or cancel the approval of citizenship, or to revoke a person's citizenship under sections 17, 19D, 24, 25, and 30 of the Act and proposed sections 17A, 19DA, 30A, 33A and 34AA of the bill.

[115]    Explanatory Memorandum, p. 55.

[116]    Explanatory Memorandum, p. 55.

[117]    Explanatory Memorandum, p. 55.

[118]    Refugee Legal, Submission 439, p. 4.

[119]    University of Adelaide, Public Law and Policy Research Unit, Submission 398, p. 11

[120]    Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission 454, p. 6.

[121]    Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 34.

[122]    Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 34.

[123]    Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 34.

[124]    Explanatory Memorandum, p. 56.

[125]    Explanatory Memorandum, p. 57.

[126]    Explanatory Memorandum, p. 55.

[127]    Explanatory Memorandum, p. 55.

[128]    Explanatory Memorandum, p. 55.

[129]    Oz Kiwi, Submission 339, p. 8; Curtain University, Centre for Human Rights Education, Submission 377, pp. 2–3; Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, pp. 33–34; Legal Aid NSW, Submission 385, pp. 8–9; University of Adelaide, Public Law and Policy Research Unit, Submission 398, pp. 11–13; Muslim Legal Network, Submission 413, pp. 22–24; St Vincent de Paul Society National Council, Submission 419, p. 5; NSW Council for Civil Liberties, Submission 436, pp. 7–8; Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Submission 437, pp. 6–7; Refugee Legal, Submission 439, p. 2–4; Refugee Advice & Casework Service, Submission 441, pp. 3–4; Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 444, p. 2; National Ethnic Disability Alliance, Submission 446, p. 4; Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, pp. 14–16; Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 449, pp. 14–15; Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission 454, p. 6; Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, pp. 7–8; and Queensland Council for Civil Liberties, Submission 481, p. 1.

[130]    Explanatory Memorandum, p. 59.

[131]    Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Scrutiny Digest 7 of 2017, 21 June 2017, p. 15.

[132]    Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Scrutiny Digest 7 of 2017, 21 June 2017, p. 15.

[133]    Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Scrutiny Digest 7 of 2017, 21 June 2017, p. 15.

[134]    Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, pp. 30–31;

[135]    Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Scrutiny Digest 7 of 2017, 21 June 2017, p. 16.

[136]    Paragraph 12(1)(b) of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007.

[137]    Explanatory Memorandum, p. 13.

[138]    Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 82.

[139]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 23.

[140]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 23. This would be by virtue of proposed section 12(7) of the bill as a bridging visa is not a substantive visa.

[141]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, pp. 23–24.

[142]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 24.

[143]    Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 6.

[144]    Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 6.

[145]    Adelaide University, Public Law and Policy Research Unit, Submission 398, p. 3.

[146]    Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, p. 18; and Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 24.

[147]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 24.

[148]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 24.

[149]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 24.

[150]    Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 7.

[151]    Explanatory Memorandum, p. 75.

[152]    Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 7; Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, p. 18; and Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 24.

[153]    Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, p. 18.

[154]    Australian Citizenship Act 2007, section 14.

[155]    United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission 438, p. 8.

[156]    United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission 438, p. 8.

[157]    United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission 438, p. 8.

[158]    United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission 438, p. 8. These concerns were also raised by the Australian Human Rights Commission, see Submission 447, pp. 28–29.

[159]    United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission 438, pp. 9–10.

[160]    Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 82.

[161]    Explanatory Memorandum, pp. 16, 20 and 26.

[162]    Explanatory Memorandum, pp. 80–81.

[163]    Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 9; Adelaide University, Public Law and Policy Research Unit, Submission 398, p. 4.

[164]    Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 10. The Citizenship Policy is guidance document published by the Department which is non-binding.

[165]    Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 10.

[166]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 30.

[167]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 30. See also Muslim Legal Network, Submission 413, pp. 10–11; and Multicultural Youth Advocacy Network, Submission 443, pp. 1–3.

[168]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, pp. 30–31.

[169]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 447, p. 31; Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, p. 11; and Adelaide University, Public Law and Policy Research Unit, Submission 398, p. 5.

[170]    Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, p. 18.

[171]    Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, p. 19.

[172]    Explanatory Memorandum, p. 73.

[173]    Senator the Hon. Concetta Fierravanti-Wells and the Hon. Philip Ruddock, Australian Citizenship—Your right, your responsibility, National Consultation on Citizenship, Final Report, 2015, p. 11.

[174]    Senator the Hon. Concetta Fierravanti-Wells and the Hon. Philip Ruddock, Australian Citizenship—Your right, your responsibility, National Consultation on Citizenship, Final Report, 2015, p. 14.

[175]    Senator the Hon. Concetta Fierravanti-Wells and the Hon. Philip Ruddock, Australian Citizenship—Your right, your responsibility, National Consultation on Citizenship, Final Report, 2015, p. 17.

[176]    Senator the Hon. Concetta Fierravanti-Wells and the Hon. Philip Ruddock, Australian Citizenship—Your right, your responsibility, National Consultation on Citizenship, Final Report, 2015, p. 18.

[177]    Senator the Hon. Concetta Fierravanti-Wells and the Hon. Philip Ruddock, Australian Citizenship—Your right, your responsibility, National Consultation on Citizenship, Final Report, 2015, p. 16.

[178]    Senator the Hon. Concetta Fierravanti-Wells and the Hon. Philip Ruddock, Australian Citizenship—Your right, your responsibility, National Consultation on Citizenship, Final Report, 2015, p. 14.

Dissenting report by Labor Senators

[1]        Professor Catherine Elder, Principal Fellow and Acting Director, Language Testing Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Proof Committee Hansard, 25 August 2017, p. 44.

[2]        Australian Council of TESOL Associations, Submission 292, p. 5.

[4]        Settlement Council of Australia, Submission 368, p. 3.

[5]        Australian Council of TESOL Associations, Submission 292, p. 23.

[7]        Australian Council of TESOL Associations, Submission 292, p. 23.

[8]        Australian Council of TESOL Associations, Submission 292, p. 24.

[9]        Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 49. 

[10]      Professor Catherine Elder, Principal Fellow and Acting Director, Language Testing Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Proof Committee Hansard, 25 August 2017, pp. 44–45.

[11]      Professor Tim McNamara, quoted in ABC Fact Check, 'Fact check: Will the Government's new citizenship test demand a university-level standard of English?', ABC News Online, 28 June 2017.  

[12]      Research published online at: http://refugeeresearchblog.org/exploring-refugee-womens-settlement-experiences-in-australia-through-photovoice/

[13]      Mr Dor Akech Achiek, Coordinator, Youth Projects, Settlement Services International, Proof Committee Hansard, Wednesday, 23 August 2017, p. 22.

[14]      Productivity Commission, Migrant Intake into Australia, 13 April 2016, p. 418.

[15]      Dr Penny McCall Howard, Member, Fair Go for Migrants, Proof Committee Hansard, 23 August 2017, p. 10.

[16]      Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre of International Refugee Law and Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 378, pp. 11–12.  

[18]      Dr Howard, Member, Fair Go for Migrants, Proof Committee Hansard, 23 August 2017, p. 10.

[19]      Mr Kon, Proof Committee Hansard, 23 August 2017, p. 16.

[20]      Professor Alexander Reilly, Director, Public Law and Policy Unit, University of Adelaide, Proof Committee Hansard, 23 August 2017, pp. 25–26.

[21]      Professor Alexander Reilly, Director, Public Law and Policy Unit, University of Adelaide, Proof Committee Hansard, 23 August 2017, pp. 25–26.

[22]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 453, p. 17.

[23]      Senator the Hon. Concetta Fierravanti-Wells and the Hon. Philip Ruddock, Australian Citizenship—Your right, your responsibility, National Consultation on Citizenship, Final Report, 2015, p. 22.

[24]      Ms Hutch Hussein, Senior Manager, Refugees, Immigration & Multiculturalism, Brotherhood of St Laurence, Proof Committee Hansard, 25 August 2017, p. 16.

Dissenting report by the Australian Greens

[1]        Australian Multicultural Council, Submission 334, p. 3.

[2]        Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia, Submission 410, p. 1.

[3]        Fair Go for Migrants, Submission 470, p. 2.

[4]        The Launceston Hazara Community, Submission 489, p. 1.

[5]        Language Testing Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Submission 312, p. 4.

[6]        Australian Multicultural Council, Submission 334, p. 2.

[7]        Language Testing Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Submission 312, p. 3.

[8]        GetUp!, Submission 372, p. 4.

[9]        Ms Joanne Cox, Deputy Chair, Oz Kiwi Association Inc., Proof Committee Hansard, 25 August 2017, p. 4.

[10]      Ms Cox, Deputy Chair, Oz Kiwi Association Inc., Proof Committee Hansard, 25 August 2017, p. 4.

[11]      Fair Go for Migrants, Submission 470, pp. 1­–2.

[12]      Refugee Legal, Submission 439, pp. 12–13.

[13]      Refugee Legal, Submission 439, p. 4.

[14]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, p. 7.

[15]      Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission  454, p. 6.

[16]      Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission  454, p. 6.

[17]      Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission 454, p. 12.

[18]      Refugee Legal, Submission 439, p. 4.

[19]      UNICEF Australia, Submission 455, p. 2.

[20]      Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission 454, p. 15.

[21]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 464, p. 18.

Dissenting report by the Nick Xenophon Team

[1]        Mr Damien Kilner, Assistant Secretary, Family and Citizenship Programme, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 August 2017, p. 48.

[2]        The Hon Peter Dutton MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Response to Scrutiny Digest No 7 of 2017 from the Senate Scrutiny of Bills Committee, p. 4.