Part I - Introduction

[1]        Journals of the Senate, No. 11–13 October 2016, pp. 331–332.

[2]        Parliament of Australia, Regulatory requirements that impact on the safe use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems, Unmanned Aerial Systems and associated systems, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Rural_and_Regional_Affairs_and_Transport/Drones (accessed 6 March 2018).

[3]        Journals of the Senate, No. 30–16 February 2017, p. 994.

[4]        Journals of the Senate, No. 71–16 November 2017, p. 2252.

[5]        Journals of the Senate, No. 91–22 March 2018, p. 2886.

[6]        In 2014, US Futurist Mr Thomas Frey published a list of 192 future uses for flying drones. 2 September 2014, http://www.futuristspeaker.com/business-trends/192-future-uses-for-flying-drones/ (accessed 12 December 2017).

[7]        PwC, Clarity from above, PwC global report on the commercial applications of drone technology, May 2016, p. 4.

[8]        RPAS have reportedly been used in at least seven countries throughout the United States' ongoing war on terror. They have been used to gather information, provide battlefield intelligence and find and kill terrorists and insurgents. See: Author unknown, 'History of Drone Warfare', The Bureau of Investigative Journalism, https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/
explainers/history-of-drone-warfare (accessed 5 October 2017).

[9]        The Queensland Police Service has used RPAS 52 times in the last year. It was the first agency to use an RPAS operationally in Australia when the Special Emergency Service made use of an RPAS during a siege. See: Thomas Chamberlin, 'Drones become integral part of Queensland Police operations', The Courier Mail, 4 December 2017, http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/crime-and-justice/drones-become-integral-part-of-queensland-police-operations/
news-story/cd2cb6b8812c381b7a23278911f9837f (accessed 12 December 2017).

[10]      In 2016, Rwanda became the first country in the world to have a national RPAS delivery service which is used to deliver blood to patients in remote areas of the country. See: Amar Toor, 'Drones being delivering blood in Rwanda', The Verge, 13 October 2016, https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/13/13267868/zipline-drone-delivery-rwanda-blood-launch (accessed 29 September 2017).

[11]      Doug Dingwall, 'Project Wing to trial food delivery by drone to homes in Tuggeranong', Canberra Times, 22 February 2018, http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/project-wing-to-trial-food-delivery-by-drones-to-homes-in-tuggeranong-20180222-h0whll.html (accessed 23 February 2018).

[12]      Brian Barrett, 'Inside the Olympics opening ceremony world-record drone show', Wired, 9 February 2018, https://www.wired.com/story/olympics-opening-ceremony-drone-show/ (accessed 23 February 2018).

[13]      Dr Rob Weaver, Airservices Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 11.

[14]      Meghna Bali, '1 billion drones in world by 2030, US futurist Thomas Frey says', ABC News, 31 August 2017, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-31/world-of-drones-congress-brisbane-futurist-thomas-frey/8859008 (accessed 5 October 2017).

[15]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018, p. 19.

[16]      Chris Anderson, 'The Drone Economy', Harvard Business Review, 7 June 2017.

[17]      National Farmers' Federation, Submission 33, p. 1; Dr Greg Leach, AgForce, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2017, p. 20.

[18]      National Farmers' Federation, Submission 33, p. 1.

[19]      Little Ripper Lifesaver, ULB Lifesaving Pods, http://littleripper.com/innovation-technology/ulb-lifesaving-pods/ (accessed 19 September 2017).

[20]      Little Ripper Lifesaver Pty Ltd, Submission 16, p. 2.

[21]      James Redmayne and Darren Schuettler, 'Shark-detecting drones to patrol Australian beaches', Reuters, 25 August 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-australia-sharkdrone/shark-detecting-drones-to-patrol-australian-beaches-idUSKCN1B51KB (accessed 19 September 2017).

[22]      Adella Beaini, 'Drone used to save two swimmers', Sydney Morning Herald, 19 January 2018, p. 1.

[23]      Dr Catherine Ball, Private capacity, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2017, p. 30.

[24]      Mr Scott Bush, Domino's Pizza New Zealand, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2017, p. 31.

[25]      To provide an indicative figure on delivery, Australia Post currently delivers over one million parcels around the country on a daily basis by way of traditional forms of delivery. See: Mr Tien Ti Mak, Australia Post, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 37.

[26]      Tim Johnson, 'Something Else to Fret About: ISIS Mounting Dirty Bombs on Drones', In Homeland Security, 8 September 2017, http://inhomelandsecurity.com/isis-dirty-bombs-drones/ (accessed 5 October 2017); Nathan Stitt, 'Drone crackdown targets operators smuggling contraband into SA prisons', ABC News, 31 August 2017, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-31/prison-drone-drops-could-lead-to-jail-time/8859402 (accessed 12 December 2017).

[27]      Tim Jeanes, 'Surge in drones as Christmas gifts will show need for greater regulation: peak body', ABC News, 24 December 2014, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-12-24/christmas-gift-drone-pose-fire-risk-warn-peak-body/5986844 (accessed 28 September 2017); Jennifer Dudley‑Nicholson, 'It's six months away yet drones already tipped to be the top gift for Christmas 2015', News.com.au,19 June 2015, http://www.news.com.au/technology/gadgets/its-six-months-waway-yet-drones-already-tipped-to-be-the-top-gift-for-christmas-2015/news-story/96c9cdc816f9297ee8ef01ec99f8b8eb (accessed 28 September 2017); Jennifer Dudley‑Nicholson, 'Drones expected to take off in Australia this Christmas, but experts warn of dangers', The Courier Mail, 10 December 2017, http://www.couriermail.com.au/technology/techknow/drones-expected-to-take-off-in-australia-this-christmas-but-experts-warn-of-dangers/news-story/e7e9e9f065ee5b7b8e3e1715c1a4e4f9 (accessed 8 January 2018).

[28]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018, p. 19. Also see: Brett Williamson, 'How CASA drone laws apply to the fast-growing breed of new high-flyers', ABC News, 10 February 2017, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-10/how-drone-laws-apply-to-a-new-breed-of-high-flyers/8258908 (accessed 19 September 2017).

[29]      April Glaser, 'DJI is running away with the drone market', Recode, 14 April 2017, https://www.recode.net/2017/4/14/14690576/drone-market-share-growth-charts-dji-forecast (accessed 28 September 2017).

[30]      Mr Greg Hood, Australian Transport Safety Bureau, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 19. Also see: DJI, Submission 60, pp. 2–3.

[31]      See, for example: Mr Ben Smart, Smart Air Services, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2017, p. 7; Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, pp. 4–5; Mr Vince Sofia, Submission 7, [pp. 1–2]; Austec Aerial Solutions, Submission 13, [p. 1].

[32]      The Department of Infrastructure, Regional Development and Cities (DIRDC) was formerly known as the Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. Whilst evidence provided by DIRDC is submitted under its former designation, the committee has chosen to identify DIRDC by its new title so as to make recommendations to the Department in its new form.

[33]      Mr Mike Mrdak, Department of Infrastructure, Regional Development and Cities, Budget Estimates Hansard, 23 May 2017, p. 30.

[34]      International Civil Aviation Organization, Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), Circular 328, 2011, p. 3, https://www.icao.int/Meetings/UAS/Documents/Circular%20328_en.pdf (accessed 29 September 2017).

[35]      Mr Mike Mrdak, Department of Infrastructure, Regional Development and Cities, Budget Estimates Hansard, 23 May 2017, p. 31.

[36]      Dr Rob Weaver, Airservices Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 16.

[37]      Dr Rob Weaver, Airservices Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 11.

[38]      Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, p. 3; Mr Simon Bourke, Australian Airports Association, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 2.

[39]      AusALPA further noted that in the US, where there is a larger RPAS market, there are approximately 100 reports per month from pilots who have sighted RPAS flying near aircraft and airports. See: Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, p. 3.

[40]      Mr Greg Hood, Australian Safety Transport Bureau, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 20.

[41]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018, p. 19.

[42]      Brett Williamson, 'How CASA drone laws apply to the fast-growing breed of new high-flyers', ABC News, 10 February 2017, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-10/how-drone-laws-apply-to-a-new-breed-of-high-flyers/8258908 (accessed 29 September 2017).

[43]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, answers to questions on notice, Supplementary Estimates, 27 October 2017 (received 22 February 2018).

Chapter 2 - RPAS laws in Australia

[1]        Article 3 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Ninth Edition, 2006.

[2]        Article 8 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Ninth Edition, 2006.

[3]        International Civil Aviation Organization, Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), Circular 328, 2011, p. iii, https://www.icao.int/Meetings/UAS/Documents/Circular%20328_en.pdf (accessed 29 September 2017).

[4]        International Civil Aviation Organization, Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), Circular 328, 2011, p. 4.

[5]        International Civil Aviation Organization, Training Education General Recommendations, http://www4.icao.int/uastoolkit/Home/Narrative#training (accessed 1 November 2017).

[6]        International Civil Aviation Organization, Unmanned Aircraft Systems Advisory Group (UAS‑AG), https://www.icao.int/safety/UA/Pages/Unmanned-Aircraft-Systems-Advisory-Group-(UAS-AG).aspx (accessed 7 March 2018).

[7]        UK Civil Aviation Authority, Ten things to know before buying a drone this Christmas, http://www.unitingaviation.com/general-interest/ten-things-to-know-before-buying-a-drone-this-christmas/ (accessed 1 November 2017).

[8]        International Civil Aviation Organization, DRONE ENABLE, ICAO's Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Industry Symposium, https://www.icao.int/Meetings/UAS2017/Pages/
default.aspx (accessed 4 October 2017); Author unknown, 'Drone tracking plan by ICAO to avoid air disasters', The Australian, 12 May 2017, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/aviation/drone-tracking-plan-by-icao-to-avoid-air-disasters/news-story/d635abe479d6f4423
21c0e06abca1c02 (accessed 5 October 2017).

[9]        International Civil Aviation Organization, UAS Toolkit, https://www4.icao.int/uastoolkit/Home/About (accessed 5 October 2017).

[10]      International Civil Aviation Organization, Development of UAS Regulation, https://www4.icao.int/uastoolkit/Home/Narrative#regulation (accessed 9 January 2018).

[11]      Civil Aviation Act 1988, ss. 9(1).

[12]      Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998, Part 101 – Unmanned aircraft and rockets.

[13]      See, for example: Parrot ANZ Pty Ltd, Submission 28, [pp. 2–3]; Canberra UAV, Submission 47, [pp. 1–3]; DJI, Submission 60, [pp. 1–2]; Australian Pork, Submission 32, [p. 1].

[14]      Mr Greg Tyrrell, Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 1.

[15]      Reece Clothier and Jonathan Roberts, 'New relaxed drone regulations will help the industry take off', The Conversation, 7 April 2016, https://theconversation.com/new-relaxed-drone-regulations-will-help-the-industry-take-off-57201 (accessed 4 October 2017).

[16]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Submission 17, p. 1; Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Discussion paper: Review of RPAS operations, August 2017, p. 3.

[17]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Discussion paper: Review of RPAS operations, August 2017, p. 3; Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018, p. 19.

[18]      Mr Greg Tyrrell, Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 1.

[19]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Discussion paper: Review of RPAS operations, August 2017, p. 3.

[20]      Military drones are regulated by the Chief of Air Force as the Defence Aviation Authority. See: Department of Defence, Submission 44, p. 3.

[21]      Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment (Part 101) Regulation 2016, para. 21.

[22]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Submission 17, p. i.

[23]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Flying drones/remotely piloted aircraft in Australia, 13 August 2017, https://www.casa.gov.au/aircraft/landing-page/flying-drones-australia (accessed 19 September 2017).

[24]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, New drone rules cut red tape, 28 September 2017, https://www.casa.gov.au/media-release/new-drone-rules-cut-red-tape (accessed 1 November 2017).

[25]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Discussion Paper: Review of RPAS operations, August 2017, p. 7.

[26]      Prior to 29 September 2016, the ReOC was called an operator's certificate and the RePL was called a controller's certificate. A RePL is held by individual controllers, whilst a ReOC is required by the commercial entity to conduct commercial operations.

[27]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Commercial unmanned flight – remotely piloted aircraft under 2kg, https://www.casa.gov.au/standard-page/commercial-unmanned-flight-remotely-piloted-aircraft-under-2kg (accessed 8 March 2018).

[28]      Explanatory statement, Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment (Part 101) Regulation 2016, pp. 1–2.

[29]      Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998, reg. 101.238.

[30]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Notice of Final Rule Making – Remotely piloted aircraft systems, NFRM1309OS, August 2017, pp. 9–15.

[31]      CASA 96/17 – Direction—operation of certain unmanned aircraft [F2017L01370].

[32]      Mr Shane Carmody, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Supplementary Estimates Hansard, 27 October 2017, p. 27.

[33]      CASA 96/17 – Direction—operation of certain unmanned aircraft [F2017L01370].

[34]      RPAS weighing 100g or below are permitted to operate within 3 nautical miles of an aerodrome. See: Mr Shane Carmody, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Supplementary Estimates Hansard, 27 October 2017, p. 27.

[35]      The penalties prescribed for offences under Part 101 of the CASR are specified in the regulations as penalty units, ranging in value from 10 to 50 penalty units depending on the seriousness of the offence. The value of a penalty unit is fixed under section 4AA of the Crimes Act 1914, and adjusted periodically. As of 1 July 2017, the value of a penalty unit was $210.

[36]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Submission 17, p. 4.

[37]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, answers to written questions on notice, 19 September 2017, p. 2 (received 3 October 2017).

[38]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Infringement notices and demerit points, https://www.casa
.gov.au/regulations-and-policy/standard-page/infringement-notices-and-demerit-points (accessed 8 March 2018).

[39]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, answers to written questions on notice, 19 September 2017, p. 1. Also see: Chris Griffith, 'Airspace regulator CASA on collision course with drones', Australian Business Review, 3 February 2015, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/technology/airspace-regulator-casa-on-collision-course-with-drones/news-story/d998fc50
7203885bc701a56b00d92ddc (accessed 26 October 2017).

[40]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, answers to written questions on notice, 19 September 2017, p. 1.

[41]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, answers to written questions on notice, 19 September 2017, p. 2.

[42]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, answers to written questions on notice, 19 September 2017, p. 2.

[43]      Mr Greg Tyrrell, Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 9.

[44]      Mr Greg Tyrrell, Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 1.

[45]      Mr Greg Tyrrell, Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, pp. 1–2. Also see: Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, p. 4.

[46]      Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, pp. 4–5.

[47]      Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, p. 5.

[48]      Mr Vince Sofia, Submission 7, [pp. 1–2]. Also see: Mr John Reidy-Crofts, Submission 89, p. 1; Mr Joseph Urli, Australian Certified UAV Operators, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 9.

[49]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 12.

[50]      Austec Aerial Solutions, Submission 13, [p. 1].

[51]      See, for example: Drone Solutions Pty Ltd, Submission 63, p. 4; Mr Joseph Urli, Australian Certified UAV Operators, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 9; Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, p. 4; International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 5; Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Submission 22, p. 2.

[52]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Notice of Final Rule Making: Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems, August 2017, pp. 7–9.

[53]      The UASSC includes representatives from the RPAS industry, as well as CASA, Airservices Australia and major Australian airlines. Following a committee meeting on 4 September 2017, the UASSC was subsumed into the Aviation Safety Advisory Panel (ASAP). A full list of members is available at: https://www.casa.gov.au/rules-and-regulations/standard-page/aviation-safety-advisory-panel.

[54]      Explanatory statement, Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment (Part 101) Regulation 2016, p. 2.

[55]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 5.

[56]      Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Submission 22, p. 2.

[57]      Mr Joseph Urli, Australian Certified UAV Operators, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 9.

[58]      Chapter 3 considers the two Australian studies commissioned by CASA as well as the research undertaken in other jurisdictions.

[59]      Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, p. 4.

[60]      Mr Mark Leuschner, Submission 82, [p. 1].

[61]      Virgin Independent Pilots Association, Submission 11, [p. 3].

[62]      Dr Rob Weaver, Airservices Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 11. Also see: Australian Transport Safety Bureau, A safety analysis of remotely piloted aircraft systems, March 2017, [p. iii].

[63]      Mr Chris Bird, Submission 52, [p. 3].

[64]      Piper Alderman, Submission 65, p. 2.

[65]      Mr John Reidy-Crofts, Submission 89, p. 2.

[66]      Australian Transport Safety Bureau, ATSB National Aviation Occurrence Database – Terminology, https://www.atsb.gov.au/avdata/terminology.aspx (accessed 7 March 2018).

[67]      Airservices Australia, Submission 29, [pp. 1–2]. Also see: Dr Rob Weaver, Airservices Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 11.

[68]      Australian Transport Safety Bureau, ATSB National Aviation Occurrence Database, https://www.atsb.gov.au/avdata/ (accessed 29 January 2018).

[69]      Australian Transport Safety Bureau, Submission 62, p. 2.

[70]      Australian Transport Safety Bureau, Submission 62, pp. 2–4.

[71]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018, p. 19.

[72]      Regional Express Airlines, Submission 70, p. 4.

[73]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Unsafe drone operations complaints form, https://www.casa
.gov.au/webform/unsafe-drone-operations-complaint-form (accessed 9 November 2017).

[74]      Austec Aerial Solutions, Submission 13, [p. 1].

[75]      Mr Vince Sofia, Submission 7, [p. 3].

[76]      See, for example: International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 18; Mr Joseph Urli, Australian Certified UAV Operators, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 15; Model Aeronautical Association of Australia, Submission 50, p. 5.

[77]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Submission 17, p. 13.

[78]      The penalty regime applying to RPAS in Australia was discussed earlier in this chapter.

[79]      Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, p. 5. At the time of submission, the value of 50 penalty units was equivalent to $9000.

[80]      NSW Farmers, Submission 45, [pp. 6–8].

[81]      NSW Farmers, Submission 45, [p. 5].

[82]      Aerial Application Association of Australia, Submission 49, p. 3.

[83]      Elevo Pty Ltd, Submission 8, [p. 2].

[84]      CASA's policy on publishing enforcement decisions was laid out by Dr Jonathan Aleck at a public hearing. See: Dr Jonathan Aleck, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 34.

[85]      Australian Miniature Aerosports Society Inc, Submission 71, p. 4. Also see: Helistar Aviation, Submission 23, [p. 4]; Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, p. 5; Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Submission 46, p. 11; Aerial Application Association of Australia, Submission 49, pp. 2–3; Elevo Pty Ltd, Submission 8, [p. 2].

[86]      Aerial Application Association of Australia, Submission 49, p. 3; Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Submission 46, p. 5.

[87]      At an estimates hearing, CASA'S CEO stated that 'the allocation of resources for investigations of drones...depends a great deal on the seriousness of the matter'. See: Mr Shane Carmody, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Supplementary Estimates Hansard, 27 October 2017, p. 21.

Chapter 3 - 'Anything in the air is a risk'[1]: RPAS and aviation safety

[1]        Mr Chris Manning, Australian Transport and Safety Bureau, Budget Estimates Hansard, 23 May 2017, p. 134.

[2]        See, for example: International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 23; Interspacial Aviation Services Pty Ltd, Submission 74, pp. 1–2; Austec Aerial Solutions, Submission 13, p. 1; Captain Phillip Stevens, Submission 87, p. 1; Virgin Independent Pilots Association, Submission 11, p. 1; Australian Airports Association, Submission 12, pp. 1–3; Mr John Reidy-Crofts, Submission 89, p. 1; Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Submission  22, pp. 2–3; Helistar Aviation, Submission  23, [p. 5], Qantas Group, Submission  34, p. 1; Australasian Fire & Emergency Service Authorities Council and National Aerial Firefighting Centre, Submission  35, p. 2; Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission  39, p. 3; Aeroeye, Submission  41, [p. 2]; NSW Ambulance, Submission  48, p. 1; Australian Certified UAV Operators, Submission 73, pp. 25, 31; Regional Express, Submission 70, p. 2; Regional Aviation Association of Australia, Submission 58, [p. 2]; Civil Air Operations Officers Association of Australia, Submission 21, pp. 1–2.

[3]        Australian Transport Safety Bureau, Submission 62, pp. 6, 27.

[4]        Australian Transport Safety Bureau, A safety analysis of remotely piloted aircraft systems 2012 to 2016 (ATSB Transport Safety Report AR-2017–016), 16 March 2017, p. 2.

[5]        Ryan Browne, 'Drones: How disruptive are they and what is being done to regulate them?', CNBC, 4 July 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/04/drones-how-disruptive-are-they-and-what-is-being-done-to-regulate-them.html (accessed 29 September 2017); Alan Levin, 'Surge in Drone Safety Reports Prompts 'Emergency' Action at FAA', Bloomberg, 14 October 2017, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-13/surge-in-drone-safety-reports-prompts-emergency-action-at-faa (accessed 17 October 2017).

[6]        Ryan Browne, 'Drones: How disruptive are they and what is being done to regulate them?', CNBC, 4 July 2017 (accessed 29 September 2017); Mariella Moon, 'UK reports 70 drone near-misses at Heathrow in 2016', engadget.com, 31 March 2017, https://www.engadget.com/2017/03/31/uk-drones-near-misses-planes-heathrow/ (accessed 13 December 2017).

[7]        The Hon Marc Garneau, Minister for Transport, Government of Canada, 'Statement by Minister of Transport about a drone incident with a passenger aircraft in Quebec City', Statement, 15 October 2017.

[8]        'NTSB Investigating Collision Between Drone, U.S. Army Helicopter, sUAS News, 6 October 2017, https://www.suasnews.com/2017/10/ntsb-investigating-collision-drone-u-s-army-helicopter/ (accessed 17 October 2017).

[9]        Author unknown, 'Unmanned drones pose a tricky prospect for regulators', The Week, 3 November 2017, http://www.theweek.co.uk/81642/islamic-state-killer-drones-prompt-fears-of-future-attacks-abroad (accessed 6 November 2017).

[10]      The Hon Marc Garneau, Minister for Transport, Government of Canada, 'Statement by Minister of Transport about a drone incident with a passenger aircraft in Quebec City', Statement, 15 October 2017.

[11]      Author unknown, 'Drone expert has dire warning after close call with US flight', Nine News, 3 February 2018, https://www.9news.com.au/national/2018/02/03/20/21/near-miss-as-drone-flies-above-passenger-plane-in-us (accessed 5 February 2018). Also see: Stephen Shankland, 'Drone hovers right above jet landing at Las Vegas airport', Cnet, 2 February 2018, https://www.cnet.com/news/drone-hovers-over-jet-landing-at-las-vegas-airport/ (accessed 15 February 2018).

[12]      Author unknown, 'Drone expert has dire warning after close call with US flight', Nine News, 3 February 2018 (accessed 5 February 2018).

[13]      Alan Levin, 'What may be U.S.'s first drone-linked aircraft crash is being investigated', Bloomberg, 16 February 2018, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-16/what-may-be-first-drone-linked-copter-crash-being-investigated (accessed 22 February 2018).

[14]      Author unknown, 'Drone causes Gatwick Airport disruption', BBC News, 3 July 2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40476264 (accessed 26 October 2017).

[15]      Parag Deulgaonkar, 'Shutting down Dubai International Airport due to a drone costs $100,000 a minute', Arabian Business, 9 July 2017, http://www.arabianbusiness.com/content/375851-drone-costs-100000-minute-loss-to-uae-airports (accessed 26 October 2017).

[16]      Australian Transport Safety Bureau, Submission 62, p. 27.

[17]      Australian Transport Safety Bureau, A safety analysis of remotely piloted aircraft systems 2012 to 2016 (ATSB Transport Safety Report AR-2017–016), 16 March 2017, p. 1.

[18]      Matt O'Sullivan, 'Dashcam captures drone crashing into car on Sydney Harbour Bridge', Sydney Morning Herald, 11 May 2017, http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/dashcam-captures-drone-crashing
-into-car-on-sydney-harbour-bridge-20170511-gw2h5q.html (accessed 21 November 2017).

[19]      Bev Jordan, 'Rogue drone dive-bombs Castle Hill dentist's car on Sydney Harbour Bridge', The Daily Telegraph, 23 August 2016, https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/hills-shire-times/rogue-drone-divebombs-castle-hill-dentists-car-on-sydney-harbour-bridge/news-story/56ca5de43e114966e8ea8ebdd19155d7 (accessed 21 November 2017).

[20]      Sarah Taillier, 'Triathlete injured as drone filming race falls to ground', ABC News, 8 April 2014, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-07/triathlete-injured-as-drone-filming-race-drops-to-ground/5371658 (accessed 21 November 2017).

[21]      Sarah Taillier, 'Drone operator fined after UAV crashed into Geraldton triathlete', ABC News, 13 November 2014, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-13/drone-operator-at-geraldton-marathon-fined/5887196 (accessed 10 January 2018).

[22]      Department for Transport and Military Aviation Authority (UK), Small Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (drones): Mid-Air Collision Study, 22 July 2017, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/drones-and-manned-aircraft-collisions-test-results (accessed 4 October 2017), p. 1.

[23]      Department for Transport and Military Aviation Authority (UK), Small Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (drones): Mid-Air Collision Study, 22 July 2017, p. 15.

[24]      Department for Transport (UK), Unlocking the UK's High Tech Economy: Consultation on the Safe Use of Drones in the UK – Government Response, July 2017, p. 13.

[25]      Department for Transport and Military Aviation Authority (UK), Small Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (drones) Mid-Air Collision Study, 22 July 2017, p. 16; Department for Transport (UK), Unlocking the UK's High Tech Economy: Consultation on the Safe Use of Drones in the UK – Government Response, July 2017, p. 13.

[26]      Department for Transport and Military Aviation Authority (UK), Small Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (drones): Mid-Air Collision Study, 22 July 2017, p. 5.

[27]      Department for Transport and Military Aviation Authority (UK), Small Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (drones): Mid-Air Collision Study, 22 July 2017, p. 5.

[28]      Mr Graeme Crawford, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Budget Estimates Hansard, 23 May 2017, p. 114.

[29]      Mr Thomas McRobert, Civil Air Australia, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 27.

[30]      Drone Safe, Consumer Drone Users, 2016, http://dronesafe.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/
11/CAA_Consumer_Drone_Users_report.pdf (accessed 29 January 2018).

[31]      UK Government Department of Transport, Drones to be registered and users to sit safety tests under new government rules, 22 July 2017, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/drones-to-be-registered-and-users-to-sit-safety-tests-under-new-government-rules (accessed 29 January 2018).

[32]      The Rt Hon John Hayes CBE MP, UK Minister of State at the Department for Transport, 'Drones update, 27 November 2017', Written statement, 27 November 2017; UK Government, New powers for police to address illegal and unsafe use of drones, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-powers-for-police-to-address-illegal-and-unsafe-use-of-drones (accessed 28 November 2017).

[33]      UK Government, New powers for police to address illegal and unsafe use of drones (accessed 28 November 2017). Geo-fencing is discussed further in Chapter 6.

[34]      Mr Graeme Crawford, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 30.

[35]      Department of Transportation, Operation and Certification of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, 21 June 2016, p. 24.

[36]      U.S. Department of Transportation. 'New Task Force to Develop Recommendations by November 20', Press release, 19 October 2015, https://www.transportation.gov/briefing-room/
us-transportation-secretary-anthony-foxx-announces-unmanned-aircraft-registration (accessed 30 January 2018).

[37]      Federal Aviation Administration, FAA Announces Small UAS Registration Rule, Press release, 14 December 2015, https://www.faa.gov/news/press_releases/news_story.cfm?newsId=19856  (accessed 29 January 2018).

[38]      Unmanned Aircraft Systems Registration Task Force Aviation Rulemaking Committee, Task Force Recommendations Final Report, 21 November 2015, pp. 6–9.

[39]      Unmanned Aircraft Systems Registration Task Force Aviation Rulemaking Committee, Task Force Recommendations Final Report, 21 November 2015, pp. 6–9.

[40]      For a short period in 2016–17, the registration requirements were rescinded. A case brought before the US Court of Appeals challenged the FAA's authority to regulate non-commercial RPAS and was won. However, since this time, the requirement for civilian RPAS to be registered has been revived through the signing of the National Defense Authorization Act 2018.

[41]      According to the FAA website, qualification for the remote pilot certificate requires the individual to either pass an initial aeronautical knowledge test or have an existing non-student Part 61 pilot certificate.

[42]      Federal Aviation Administration, Fact Sheet – Small Unmanned Aircraft Regulations (Part 107), 21 June 2016, https://www.faa.gov/news/fact_sheets/news_story.cfm?newsId=20516 (accessed 21 November 2017).

[43]      Interspacial Aviation Services Pty Ltd, Submission 74, p. 3.

[44]      Captain John Lyons, Virgin Independent Pilots Association, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 5.

[45]      Australian Certified UAV Operators, Submission 73, p. 21.

[46]      See, for example: Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, p. 4; Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Submission 22, p. 2; International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 25; Civil Air Operations Officers Association of Australia, Submission 21, p. 2; Mr John Thynne, JT Aviation Consulting Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 34.

[47]      Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, p. 4.

[48]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Submission 17, pp. 8–9; Captain Murray Butt, Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2017, p. 8.

[49]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority and Monash University, Potential damage assessment of a mid-air collision with a small UAV, 12 June 2013, p. 5.

[50]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority and Monash University, Potential damage assessment of a mid-air collision with a small UAV, 12 June 2013, p. 2; Civil Aviation Safety Authority and Monash University, Human injury model for small unmanned aircraft impacts, 23 December 2013, p. 2.

[51]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority and Monash University, Potential damage assessment of a mid-air collision with a small UAV, 12 June 2013, p. 18.

[52]      Mr Graeme Crawford, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Budget Estimates Hansard, 23 May 2017, p. 114.

[53]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority and Monash University, Potential damage assessment of a mid-air collision with a small UAV, 12 June 2013, p. 18.

[54]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority and Monash University, Human injury model for small unmanned aircraft impacts, 23 December 2013, pp. 4–5, 25.

[55]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Submission 17, p. 8.

[56]      Australian Transport Safety Bureau, A safety analysis of remotely piloted aircraft systems 2012 to 2016 (ATSB Transport Safety Report AR-2017–016), 16 March 2017, p. 2.

[57]      Australian Transport Safety Bureau, A safety analysis of remotely piloted aircraft systems 2012 to 2016 (ATSB Transport Safety Report AR-2017–016), 16 March 2017, p. 2.

[58]      Australian Transport Safety Bureau, A safety analysis of remotely piloted aircraft systems 2012 to 2016 (ATSB Transport Safety Report AR-2017–016), 16 March 2017, pp. 2–3.

[59]      Mr Graeme Crawford, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 30.

[60]      Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, p. 4.

[61]      Captain David Booth, Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2017, p. 9.

[62]      Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Submission 22, p. 2.

[63]      Civil Air Operations Officers Association of Australia, Submission 21, p. 2.

Part II - Safer Skies: Registration and education

[1]        Captain Murray Butt, Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2017, p. 7.

[2]        Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Commercial unmanned flight – remotely piloted aircraft under 2kg, https://www.casa.gov.au/standard-page/commercial-unmanned-flight-remotely-piloted-aircraft-under-2kg (accessed 12 January 2018).

[3]        Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Flying drones or model aircraft recreationally, https://www.casa.gov.au/modelaircraft (accessed 12 January 2018).

[4]        Mr Greg Hood, Australian Transport Safety Bureau, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 19.

[5]        Federal Aviation Administration (US), Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Frequently Asked Questions, 11 July 2017, https://www.faa.gov/uas/faqs/ (accessed 14 November 2017).

[6]        Professor Des Butler, Submission 18, p. 6; Federal Aviation Administration (US), Flying for Fun under the Special Rule for Model Aircraft, 31 July 2017, https://www.faa.gov/uas/getting_started/fly_for_fun/ (accessed 14 November 2017).

[7]        Federal Aviation Administration, Press Release – FAA Announces Small UAS Registration Rule, https://www.faa.gov/news/press_releases/news_story.cfm?newsId=19856 (accessed 16 November 2017).

[8]        Hobbyists may receive one identification number for all RPAS they own, whilst commercial users must register each device individually. See: Miram McNabb, 'DOT secretary says more than 1,000,000 drones registered', Dronelife.com, 11 January 2018, https://dronelife.com/2018/01/11/dot-secretary-says-1000000-drones-registered/ (accessed 19 January 2018).

[9]        RPAS over 35kg or being used for commercial purposes must be operated with a Special Flight Operator's Certificate. See: Transport Canada, Interim Order No. 8 Respecting the Use of Model Aircraft, https://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/mediaroom/interim-order-respecting-use-model-aircraft.html (accessed 22 February 2018).

[10]      Transport Canada, Flying your drone safely and legally, https://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/opssvs/flying-drone-safely-legally.html (accessed 3 November 2017).

[11]      Department for Transport (UK), Unlocking the UK's High Tech Economy: Consultation on the Safe Use of Drones in the UK – Government Response, July 2017, pp. 17–19. Also see: Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Discussion paper: Review of RPAS operations (DP 1708OS), August 2017, p. 11.

[12]      South African Civil Aviation Authority, Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems, http://www.caa.co
.za/Pages/RPAS/Registration%20of%20RPAS.aspx (accessed 3 November 2017). Also see: Drone Solutions Pty Ltd, Submission 63, p. 6.

[13]      Irish Aviation Authority, IAA Launch Drone Safety Awareness Campaign, Press Release, 17 November 2017, https://www.iaa.ie/media-centre/2017/11/17/iaa-launch-drone-safety-awareness-campaign (accessed 30 January 2018).

[14]      Irish Aviation Authority, Two Step Drone Registration Process, https://www.iaa.ie/docs/
default-source/misc/two-step-drone-registration-process.pdf?sfvrsn=17d80bf3_2 (accessed 30 January 2018).

[15]      Other signatories included the Airports Council International Europe, International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations, International Federation of Air Traffic Safety Electronics Associations, International Air Carriers Association, International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations and the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation.

[16]      European Cockpit Association, Joint call to safely integrate drones into Europe's airspace, September 2016, https://www.eurocockpit.be/positions-publications/joint-call-safely-integrate-drones-europes-airspace (accessed 12 January 2018).

[17]      European Cockpit Association, Joint call to safely integrate drones into Europe's airspace, September 2016.

[18]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, pp. 15, 24–25.

[19]      See, for example: Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, p. 5; Helistar Aviation, Submission 23, p. 3; Mr Greg Tyrrell, Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 10.

[20]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Analysis of responses – Review of RPAS operations (DP1708OS), 1 December 2017, pp. 6–7.

[21]      Global Drone Solutions, Submission 15, [p. 1]; International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 21; ProUAV Australia, Submission 20, p. 1; Regional Express, Submission 70, p. 5; Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Submission 22, p. 2.

[22]      Mr Greg Tyrrell, Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 10.

[23]      Aerial Application Association of Australia Ltd, Submission 49, p. 3. Also see: Professor Des Butler, Submission 18, pp. 5–6.

[24]      Helistar Aviation, Submission 23, [p. 3].

[25]      Mr Chris Roberts, Parrot ANZ Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 3.

[26]      Mr Mike Snabaitis, Australian Miniature Aerosports Society Inc., Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, pp. 18–19.

[27]      Mr Chris Roberts, Parrot ANZ Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, pp. 3–4.

[28]      DJI, DJI Unveils Technology To Identify and Track Airborne Drones, 12 October 2017, https://www.dji.com/newsroom/news/dji-unveils-technology-to-identify-and-track-airborne-drones (accessed 9 November 2017).

[29]      Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, p. 5.

[30]      Department of Defence, answers to written questions on notice, 22 March 2018, p. 3 (received 24 April 2018).

[31]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018, p. 11.

[32]      Interspacial Aviation Services, Submission 74, p. 3.

[33]      Mr John Tessarolo, Regional Express, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2017, p. 19.

[34]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018, p. 11.

[35]      Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, p. 5.

[36]      Drone Safety Services, Submission 78, [p. 5].

[37]      Helistar Aviation, Submission 23, [p. 3].

[38]      Australian Certified UAV Operators, Submission 73, p. 32.

[39]      Transport Canada, Proposed rules for drones in Canada, https://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/opssvs/proposed-rules-drones-canada.html#liability (accessed 22 November 2017). Amount is in Canadian dollars.

[40]      Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Arrange insurance for your business, 10 May 2016, https://www.business.gov.au/info/run/insurance-and-workers-compensation/arrange-insurance-for-your-business (accessed 2 February 2018).

[41]      Mr Tim Nolan, Aeromodellers New South Wales, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2017, p. 26.

[42]      Insurance Council of Australia, Submission 59, [p. 4].

[43]      Mr Ashley Fairfield, Submission 51, [p. 2].

[44]      Little Ripper Lifesaver Pty Ltd, Submission 16, p. 5.

[45]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 21.

[46]      Australian Certified UAV Operators¸ Submission 73, p. 31.

[47]      Professor Des Butler, Submission 18, pp. 6–7.

[48]      Dr Chris Thompson, Submission 81, [pp. 7, 8]. Also see: Mr Egon Kuster, Submission 9, [p. 2].

[49]      Mr John Cotterill, Submission 86, p. 1.

[50]      Mr Robert Carpenter, One Giant Leap Australia Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2017, p. 3.

[51]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Discussion paper: Review of RPAS operations (DP 1708OS), August 2017, p. 10.

[52]      Mr Simon Bourke, Australian Airports Association, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 3. Also see: Department of Defence, answers to written questions on notice, 22 March 2018, p. 3.

[53]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 16.

[54]      CASA oversights a number of self-administering organisations including MAAA and RA-Aus that operate under a series of exemptions from the ordinary regulations. See: Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Self-administering organisations, https://www.casa.gov.au/standard-page/self-administering-organisations (accessed 2 May 2018).

[55]      According to CASA, a RePL allows individuals to fly an RPA for an operator, who in turn needs to hold a ReOC. Therefore those working for themselves will need both. See Chapter 2 for an overview of current regulations.

[56]      Virgin Independent Pilots Association, Submission 11, p. 3.

[57]      Australian Airports Association, Submission 12, p. 1.

[58]      Australian Airports Association, Submission 12, p. 2. Also see: Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, pp. 2–3.

[59]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 13.

[60]      Virgin Independent Pilots Association, Submission 11, [p. 3].

[61]      Mr Bradley Mason, Australian Certified UAV Operators, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 14.

[62]      Author unknown, 'Getting a drone for Christmas? The UN releases its 10 tips on operating it safely', BBC Newsbeat, 11 December 2016, http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/38275128/getting-a-drone-for-christmas-the-un-releases-its-10-tips-on-operating-it-safely (accessed 5 October 2017).

[63]      At an estimates hearing, CASA CEO Mr Shane Carmody admitted that 'the piece of paper does not actually explain what the rules are; it tells them where to go for the rules'. See: Mr Shane Carmody, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Budget Estimates Hansard, 23 May 2017, p. 102.

[64]      Piper Alderman, Submission 65, p. 3; Australian Miniature Aerosports Society Inc., Submission 71, p. 3.

[65]      Mr John Cotterill, Submission 86, p. 1.

[66]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 8.

[67]      Aeromodellers New South Wales, Submission 14, [p. 1].

[68]      Jennifer Dudley-Nicholson, 'Drone safety: DJI forces drone pilots to pass safety test before lift‑off in Australia', News.com.au, 13 February 2018, http://www.news.com.au/technology/gadgets/cameras/drone-safety-dji-forces-drone-pilots-to-pass-safety-quiz-before-liftoff-in-australia/news-story/6467acb75b0920f1a61870a68cd66516 (accessed 14 February 2018). Also see: Emily Piesse, 'Australian DJI pilots forced to take quiz or face being grounded in national crackdown', ABC News, 14 February 2018, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-02-14/australian-dji-drone-pilots-forced-to-take-quiz-to-fly/9443712 (accessed 15 February 2018).

[69]      Mr John Tessarolo, Regional Express, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2017, p. 20.

[70]      Australian Certified UAV Operators, Submission 73, pp. 22–23. Also see: Drone Safety Services, Submission 78, [p. 4].

[71]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 15.

[72]      Standard operating procedures refer to the standard operating conditions set out in Regulation 101.238 of the CASR by which RPAS operators must adhere, also referred to as SOCs.

[73]      Drone Solutions Pty Ltd, Submission 63, pp. 6–7. A full list of concepts can be found in the original submission.

[74]      Unmanned Research Aircraft Facility, University of Adelaide, Submission 43, p. 3.

[75]      See, for example: Aeroeye, Submission 41, [p. 2]; Interspace Aviation Services Pty Ltd, Submission 74, p. 2.

[76]      See, for example: Captain Murray Butt, Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2017, p. 8; Aeroeye, Submission 41 – Supplementary Submission 1, [p. 2]; Drone Safety Services, Submission 78, [p. 4].

[77]      Mr Chris Roberts, Parrot ANZ Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, pp. 2–3.

[78]      Mr Edward Browning, Submission 10, [p. 2].

[79]      Virgin Independent Pilots Association, Submission 11, [p. 4].

[80]      European Cockpit Association, Joint call to safely integrate drones into Europe's airspace, September 2016, https://www.eurocockpit.be/positions-publications/joint-call-safely-integrate-drones-europes-airspace (accessed 12 January 2018).

[81]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 25.

[82]      Aeroeye, Submission 41, [p. 2]. Also see: Mr Ashley Fairfield, Submission 51, [p. 2].

[83]      Captain Philip Stevens, Submission 87, [p. 4]. Also see: Civil Air Australia, Submission 21, p. 2.

[84]      Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Submission 22, p. 4.

[85]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Analysis of responses – Review of RPAS operations (DP1708OS), 1 December 2017, pp. 11–12.

[86]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018, p. 15.

[87]      Mr Anthony Marsh, Aeroeye, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 11; Mr Chris Roberts, Parrot ANZ Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 11.

[88]      Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Submission 46, p. 6. Also see: Dr Chris Thompson, Submission 81, [p. 6].

[89]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Analysis of responses – Review of RPAS operations (DP1708OS), 1 December 2017, pp. 11–15.

[90]      Australian Media and Communications Authority, Marine radio qualifications, https://www.acma.gov.au/Citizen/TV-Radio/Radio/Marine-and-Amateur-Radio/marine-radio-qualifications (accessed 29 May 2018); Australian Maritime College, Marine Radio Operators Certificates, http://www.amc.edu.au/industry/omc/certificates (accessed 29 May 2018).

[91]      Mr Greg Tyrrell, Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 11.

[92]      Helistar Aviation, Submission 23, [p. 4]. Instrument ratings are detailed in Part 61 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998.

[93]      Model Aeronautical Association of Australia, Wings, https://www.maaa.asn.au/wings (accessed 14 November 2017).

[94]      Mr Kevin Dodd, Model Aeronautical Association of Australia, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 17.

[95]      Mr Tim Nolan, Aeromodellers New South Wales, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2017, p. 21.

[96]      At a public hearing of the committee, Senator Fawcett put the following  idea to witnesses:
'the first level of training is an independently invigilated exam that shows that they understand the safety implications of the current envelope—three miles or three kilometres around airports, 400 feet et cetera—and that the geo-fencing is expanded to a hard limit of 400 feet and the other area and then a final level, which is commercial, all the normal commercial considerations that currently exist, would remove those limitations from the device'. See: Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 26.

[97]      Dr Rob Weaver, Airservices Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 15.

[98]      Mr Greg Hood, Australian Transport Safety Bureau, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 26.

[99]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018, p. 16.

[100]    Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Submission 46, p. 4; Ms Aranka Nolan, Aeromodellers New South Wales, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2017, p. 26.

[101]    Drone Solutions Pty Ltd, Submission 63, p. 8.

[102]    International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 17.

[103]    QBE, QBE RPAS Cover, https://www.qbe.com.au/business/insurance-for-businesses/specialist-business-insurance/aviation/rpas (accessed 17 January 2018). Also see: Author unknown, 'QBE launches dedicated drone cover', National Insurance Brokers Association, 16 January 2018, https://www.insuranceandrisk.com.au/qbe-launches-dedicated-drone-cover/ (accessed 17 January 2018).

[104]    Author unknown, 'Take Cover: Drones get PL Policy', National Insurance Brokers Association, 9 December 2015, https://www.insuranceandrisk.com.au/take-cover-drones-get-pl-policy/ (accessed 17 January 2018).

[105]    Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Drone safety review, 4 December 2017, https://www.casa.gov.au/aircraft/standard-page/drone-safety-review (accessed 12 January 2017). Also see: Civil Aviation Safety Authority, answers to questions on notice, 23 May 2017 (received 7 July 2017).

[106]    Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Drone safety review, 4 December 2017 (accessed 12 January 2017).

[107]    Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Drone safety review, 4 December 2017 (accessed 12 January 2017). Also see: Mr Shane Carmody, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 28; Civil Aviation Safety Authority, answers to questions on notice, 23 May 2017 (received 7 July 2017).

[108]    Civil Aviation Safety Authority, CASA Christmas drone safety animation, https://droneflyer.com.au/#!/christmas-drone-safety-animation (accessed 8 January 2018).

[109]    James Dunlevie, 'Mobile app 'Can I Fly There' released to help drone pilots, after increase in near-misses with aircraft', ABC News, 26 May 2017, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-05-26/mobile-phone-app-can-i-fly-there-for-drone-pilots-released/8563826 (accessed 10 November 2017).

[110]    Mr Shane Carmody, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 28.

[111]    Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018, p. 21.

[112]    Unmanned Research Aircraft Facility, University of Adelaide, Submission 43, pp. 3, 6. Also see: Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Submission 75, p. 11.

[113]    Mr Simon Bourke, Australian Airports Association, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, pp. 1–2; Dr Rob Weaver, Airservices Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, pp. 15–16; Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Submission 46, p. 5; Canberra UAV, Submission 47, [p. 3]; UAS International, Submission 66, p. 4.

[114]    Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Analysis of responses – Review of RPAS operations (DP1708OS), 1 December 2017, pp. 11–12.

Chapter 5 - Enforcement measures

[1]        NSW Ambulance, Submission 48, p. 2.

[2]        NSW Ambulance, Submission 48, p. 4.

[3]        Captain Phillip Stevens, Submission 87, [p. 1]; Captain David Booth, Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2017, p. 16; Captain Philip Stevens, Private capacity, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 45.

[4]        Captain David Booth, Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2017, p. 16.

[5]        Queensland Minister for Health and Minister for Ambulance Services the Hon Steven Miles, 'Game over: hospitals a NO DRONE zone', Media Statement, 13 December 2017, http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2017/12/13/game-over-hospitals-a-no-drone-zone (accessed 31 January 2018).

[6]        Civil Air Operations Officers Association of Australia, Submission 21, p. 2.

[7]        Craig Newlyn, 'Drone hotspots', Flight Safety Australia, 22 January 2018, https://www.flightsafetyaustralia.com/2018/01/drone-hotspots/ (accessed 2 February 2018).

[8]        Craig Newlyn, 'Drone hotspots', Flight Safety Australia, 22 January 2018 accessed (2 February 2018).

[9]        Australian Transport Safety Bureau, Submission 62 – Supplementary Submission, p. 2.

[10]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018, p. 19.

[11]      Mr Michael Manning, Drone Solutions Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 37.

[12]      Regional Express, Submission 70, p. 2.

[13]      Virgin Independent Pilots Association, Submission 11, [p. 3].

[14]      See, for example: Qantas Group, Submission 34, p. 1; Australian Airports Association, Submission 12, pp. 1–2; Professor Des Butler, Submission 18, pp. 4–7; Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Submission 39, p. 3.

[15]      Captain Murray Butt, Australian Airline Pilots' Association, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2017, p. 7.

[16]      Civil Air Australia, Submission 21, pp. 2–3.

[17]      Mr Michael Manning, Drone Solutions Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 37. Following the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics, skier Marcel Hirscher was on his second run in a World Cup slalom race when an RPAS with a mounted camera crashed inches behind him.

[18]      Mr Brendan Zwanikken, Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, pp. 29–30.

[19]      Mr Brendan Zwanikken, Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, pp. 29–30.

[20]      Mr Richard Alder, National Aerial Firefighting Centre, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 30.

[21]      NSW Government, Submission 69, [p. 3]. Also see: NSW Ambulance, Submission 48, p. 5.

[22]      Mr Richard Alder, National Aerial Firefighting Centre, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 31.

[23]      Mr Richard Alder, National Aerial Firefighting Centre, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 31.

[24]      Federal Aviation Administration (US), No Drone Zone, 11 July 2017, https://www.faa.gov/uas/where_to_fly/no_drone_zone/ (accessed 18 January 2018).

[25]      Federal Aviation Administration, 'FFA Restricts Drones over Statue of Liberty, Other Landmarks', News, 28 September 2017, https://www.faa.gov/news/updates/?newsId =88811&omniRss=news_updatesAoc&cid=101_N_U (accessed 5 October 2017).

[26]      Miram McNabb, 'FAA Restricts Drone Operations Over 7 Department of Energy Facilities', Dronelife.com, 19 December 2017, https://dronelife.com/2017/12/19/faa-restricts-drone-operations-7-department-energy-facilities/ (accessed 8 January 2018).

[27]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, answers to questions on notice, 19 September 2017, p. 3 (received 3 October 2017).

[28]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, answers to questions on notice, 29 August 2017, p. 2 (received 14 September 2017).

[29]      Dr Jonathan Aleck, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 32.

[30]      James Elton-Pym, 'Regulator promises to investigate 'illegal' One Nation drone flight over Parliament House', SBS, 29 August 2017, http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2017/08/29/regulator-promises-investigate-illegal-one-nation-drone-flight-over-parliament (accessed 20 November 2017).

[31]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, answers to questions on notice, 29 August 2017, p. 2.

[32]      Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998, reg. 101.025.

[33]      Department of Defence, answers to written questions on notice, 22 March 2018, p. 3 (received 24 April 2018).

[34]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, answers to questions on notice, 19 September 2017, p. 3.

[35]      Mr Shane Carmody, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Supplementary Estimates Hansard, 27 October 2017, pp. 23–24.

[36]      Department of Defence, answers to written questions on notice, 22 March 2018, p. 3.

[37]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 19. Also see: Robert Wall, 'Next Step For Drones: Defending Against Them', The Wall Street Journal, 23 July 2015, https://www.wsj.com/articles/next-step-for-drones-defending-against-them-1437645600 (accessed 9 November 2017).

[38]      Author unknown, 'Commonwealth Games temporary restrictions: what you need to know', Flight Safety Australia, 9 February 2018, http://www.flightsafetyaustralia.com/2018/02/commonwealth-games-temporary-restrictions-what-you-need-to-know/ (accessed 13 February 2018).

[39]      Yolanda Redrup, 'Drone guns key part of Comm Games security', Australian Financial Review Weekend, 7 April 2018, p. 3. Also see: Melissa Yeo, 'Queensland Police will use anti-drone guns at the 2018 Commonwealth Games', Business Insider Australia, 28 February 2018, https://www.businessinsider.com.au/droneshield-anti-drone-guns-commonwealth-games-2018-2 (accessed 6 March 2018).

[40]      Deborah FitzGerald, 'Leichhardt Council is the first in Australia to ban drones in parks and public spaces amid fears for children's safety and privacy', Daily Telegraph, 1 December 2015, https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/inner-west/leichhardt-council-is-the-first-in-australia-to-ban-drones-in-parks-and-public-spaces-amid-fears-for-childrens-safety-and-privacy/news-story/6b98ae38b3c5cead24b18a7dcfbabdc5 (accessed 31 January 2018).

[41]      Brett Williamson, 'Flyers beware: Councils clamp down on use of drones and model planes in public places', ABC News, 20 March 2017, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-20/councils-clamp-down-on-use-of-drones-in-public/8369020 (accessed 31 January 2018); Liam Croy, 'Perth council clamps down on public drone use', Perth Now, 29 December 2016, https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/wa/perth-council-clamps-down-on-public-drone-use-ng-49d76a0d66aecfdd353853c8e71bac95 (accessed 31 January 2018).

[42]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, pp. 19–20.

[43]      Mr Simon Bourke, Australian Airports Association, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 8.

[44]      Dr Jonathan Aleck, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Budget Estimates Hansard, 23 May 2017, pp. 108–109; NSW Farmers, Submission 45, pp. 5–7.

[45]      Deborah FitzGerald, 'Leichhardt Council is the first in Australia to ban drones in parks and public spaces amid fears for children's safety and privacy', Daily Telegraph, 1 December 2015 (accessed 31 January 2018).

[46]      Mr Bradley Mason, Australian Certified UAV Operators, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, pp. 15–16.

[47]      Regional Aviation Association of Australia, Submission 58, [p. 1]. Also see: Unmanned Research Aircraft Facility, University of Adelaide, Submission 43, p. 5; Australian Miniature Aerosports Society Inc., Submission 71, p. 3.

[48]      Department of Defence, answers to written questions on notice, 22 March 2018, p. 4.

[49]      Meenal Dhande, 'Changing drone laws and policies in the US', Geospatial World, 11 June 2017, https://www.geospatialworld.net/blogs/uav-registration-us-drone-surveillance-policy/ (accessed 11 December 2017).

[50]      The Rt Hon John Hayes CBE MP, UK Minister of State at the Department for Transport, 'Drones update, 27 November 2017', Written statement, 27 November 2017; UK Government, New powers for police to address illegal and unsafe use of drones, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-powers-for-police-to-address-illegal-and-unsafe-use-of-drones (accessed 28 November 2017).

[51]      Malek Murison, 'Incoming UK Drone Laws: What You Need To Know', Dronelife, 27 November 2017, https://dronelife.com/2017/11/27/incoming-uk-drone-laws/ (accessed 11 December 2017).

[52]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Submission 17, pp. 13–14.

[53]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Submission 17, pp. 13–14.

[54]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircrafts systems, May 2018, p. 20.

Chapter 6 - Technological compliance

[1]        Australian Certified UAV Operators, Submission 73, pp. 36–38; Helistar, Submission 23, [p. 3]; Civil Air Australia, Submission 21, p. 3; Little Ripper Lifesaver, Submission 16, p. 3.

[2]        Airservices Australia, How ADS-B works, http://www.airservicesaustralia.com/projects/ads-b/how-ads-b-works/ (accessed 24 October 2017).

[3]        Australian Certified UAV Operators, Submission 73, p. 36. Also see: Airservices Australia, Surveillance Equipment Mandates, http://www.airservicesaustralia.com/projects/ads-b/other-mandates-2014-2017/ (accessed 1 February 2018).

[4]        Civil Air Australia, Submission 21, p. 3.

[5]        Airservices Australia, Mode S transponders, ADS-B and VFR aircraft, http://www.airservicesaustralia.com/projects/ads-b/mode-s-transponders-ads-b-and-vfr-aircraft/ (accessed 6 March 2018).

[6]        Regional Express Airlines, Submission 70, p. 5. TCAS is a Traffic Collision Avoidance System.

[7]        Department of Defence, answers to written questions on notice, 22 March 2018, p. 6 (received 24 April 2018).

[8]        Mr Thomas McRobert, Civil Air Australia, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, pp. 22–23.

[9]        CSIRO, Submission 61, [p. 3].

[10]      Mr Chris Roberts, Parrot ANZ Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 4.

[11]      Mr David Perks, Civil Air Australia, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 24; DJI, DJI GO App Now Includes GEO Geofencing System, 5 July 2016, https://www.dji.com/newsroom/news/dji-go-app-now-includes-geo-geofencing-system (accessed 10 November 2017).

[12]      Mr Luke Gumley, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 31.

[13]      Mr Simon Bourke, Australian Airports Association, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 2.

[14]      Australian Airports Association, Submission 12, p. 3.

[15]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 25.

[16]      ProUAV Australia, Submission 20, p. 1.

[17]      National Farmers Federation, Submission 33, [p. 2].

[18]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Analysis of responses – Review of RPAS operations (DP1708OS), 1 December 2017, pp. 16–18.

[19]      Mr Chris Roberts, Parrot ANZ Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 13.

[20]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Submission 17, p. 15; Mr Shane Carmody, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, pp. 30–31; Department of Defence, answers to written questions on notice, 22 March 2018, p. 3.

[21]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018, p. 17.

[22]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, answers to questions on notice, 29 August 2017, p. 3 (received 14 September 2017).

[23]      Jennifer Dudley-Nicholson, 'Droning on about air safety', Daily Telegraph, 25 January 2018, p. 21.

[24]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, answers to questions on notice, 29 August 2017, p. 3.

[25]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018, p. 18.

[26]      Dr Rob Weaver, Airservices Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 12.

[27]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Discussion paper: Review of RPAS operations (DP1708OS), August 2017, pp. 15–16.

[28]      See, for example: Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Submission 46, p. 13; Airservices Australia, Submission 29, p. 26; Regional Express, Submission 70, p. 5; Intel, Submission 31, [p. 4].

[29]      Airservices Australia, Submission 29, p. 26.

[30]      Airservices Australia, Submission 29, p. 26.

[31]      Institute of Public Affairs, Submission 56 – Attachment 1, p. 12. Also see: Unmanned Research Aircraft Facility, University of Adelaide, Submission 43, p. 4.

[32]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Submission 17, p. 14.

[33]      Caroline Rees, 'New Detect-and-Avoid System for Drones Completes BLOS Flight Tests', Unmanned Systems Technology, 30 January 2017, http://www.unmannedsystemstechnology.com/2017/01/vigilant-aerospace-completes-blos-uas-testing-nasa-flight-research-center/ (accessed 31 January 2018).

[34]      Intel, Submission 31, [p. 3].

[35]      Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Submission 46, p. 6; Airservices Australia, Submission 29, pp. 6, 23. Also see: Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Discussion paper – UAS airworthiness framework (DP 1529US), June 2016, p. 9.

[36]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 11.

[37]      Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Submission 22, p. 2. Also see: Louise Handran, 'Tech issues cause most drone accidents: research', RMIT University, 5 September 2016, https://www.rmit.edu.au/news/all-news/2016/september/tech-issues-cause-most-drone-accidents--research (accessed 21 February 2018).

[38]      Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Submission 22, p. 2.

[39]      Graham Wild, Glenn Baxter and John Murray, 'Exploring drone accidents and incidents to help prevent potential air disasters', Aerospace, vol. 3, no. 3, 2016, pp. 1–11.

[40]      Helistar Aviation, Submission 23, [p. 2].

[41]      Mr Tim Nolan, Aeromodellers New South Wales, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2017, p. 27.

[42]      Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Submission 46, p. 13; Mr Edward Browning, Submission 10, [p. 2].

[43]      Graham Wild, Glenn Baxter and John Murray, 'Exploring drone accidents and incidents to help prevent potential air disasters', Aerospace, vol. 3, no. 3, 2016, pp. 1–11.

[44]      Helistar Aviation, Submission 23, [p. 4].

[45]      CSIRO, Submission 61, [p. 4].

[46]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Submission 17, pp. 10–11.

[47]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, DP 1529US – UAS airworthiness framework, https://www.casa.gov.au/standard-page/dp-1529us-uas-airworthiness-framework (accessed 12 November 2017).

[48]      Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Submission 46, p. 9.

[49]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 11.

[50]      See, for example: Qantas Group, Submission 34, p. 2; Australia Post. Submission 30, p. 3; International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 11.

[51]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, p. 11. Also see: Qantas Group, Submission 34, p. 2.

[52]      Unmanned Research Aircraft Facility, University of Adelaide, Submission 43, p. 5.

[53]      The Department of Home Affairs (DHA) was formerly known as the Department of Immigration and Border Protection. Whilst evidence provided by DHA is submitted under its former designation, the committee has chosen to identify DHA by its new title for the purpose of consistency.

[54]      As an example, the Department of Health administers import permits for medicines, and the Australia Border Force ensures the control is enforced at the border. See: Mr Andrew Chandler, Department of Home Affairs, Committee Hansard, 17 October 2017, p. 2.

[55]      Mr Jim Williams, Department of Home Affairs, Committee Hansard, 17 October 2017, p. 4. Also see: Department of Home Affairs, answers to questions on notice, 17 October 2017, [p. 1] (received 9 November 2017).

[56]      Mr Jim Williams, Department of Home Affairs, Committee Hansard, 17 October 2017, p. 6.

[57]      Department of Home Affairs, answers to questions on notice, 17 October 2017, [pp. 2–3].

[58]      Mr Joseph Wheeler, International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 26.

[59]      Asia-Pacific RPAS Consortium, Submission 68, pp. 7–8.

[60]      Mr Thomas McRobert, Civil Air Australia, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 21.

[61]      Civil Air Australia, Submission 21, p. 2.

[62]      Telstra, Submission 36, p. 4. NASA refers to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the United States. CSIRO refers to the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation.

[63]      Mr Joseph Urli, Australian Certified UAV Operators, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 11.

[64]      Dr Rob Weaver, Airservices Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 August 2017, p. 17. Also see: Dr Terrence Martin, Queensland University of Technology, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 40; Mr Joseph Urli, Australian Certified UAV Operators, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 11.

[65]      Department of Defence, answers to written questions on notice, 22 March 2018, p. 6.

[66]      Australian Certified UAV Operators, Submission 73, pp. 34–36.

[67]      Karamjit Kaur, 'Five projects to kick off unmanned aircraft system trials at Singapore's first drone estate', The Straits Times, 7 February 2018, https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/five-projects-to-kick-off-unmanned-aircraft-system-trials-at-singapores-first (accessed 2 May 2018).

[68]      Australian Certified UAV Operators, Submission 73, p. 36.

Part III - A comprehensive approach to RPAS safety

[1]        See Chapters 4 to 6 for further detail.

[2]        Mr Joseph Wheeler, International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, pp. 26–27.

[3]        Department of Infrastructure, Regional Development and Cities, Australia's State Aviation Safety Programme, https://infrastructure.gov.au/aviation/safety/ssp/chapter_1.2.aspx (accessed 5 February 2018). The ATSB does not have membership to the group, as it has independent status as a safety investigator. However, the ATSB Chief Commissioner may at times participate in briefings.

[4]        See, for example: Asia-Pacific RPAS Consortium, Submission 68, p. 18; Australian Strategic Air Traffic Management Group, Submission 57, [p. 1]; Mr Joseph Wheeler, International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, pp. 26–27.

[5]        Department of Infrastructure, Regional Development and Cities, answers to questions on notice, 17 October 2017, pp. 3–4 (received 7 November 2017).

[6]        Department of Defence, Submission 44, pp. 3–4.

[7]        Department of Infrastructure, Regional Development and Cities, answers to questions on notice, 17 October 2017, p. 1.

[8]        Asia-Pacific RPAS Consortium, Submission 68, p. 18.

[9]        Australian Strategic Air Traffic Management Group, Submission 57, [p. 1].

[10]      Australian Strategic Air Traffic Management Group, Submission 57, [p. 1].

[11]      Membership of the UASSC was changed on 1 July 2017. The UASSC, along with a number of other sub-committees was subsumed into the ASAP in September 2017.

[12]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Aviation Safety Advisory Panel, https://www.casa.gov.au/rules-and-regulations/standard-page/aviation-safety-advisory-panel (accessed 11 January 2017).

[13]      Telstra, Submission 36, p. 5.

[14]      Qantas Group, Submission 34, p. 5.

[15]      See, for example: Piper Alderman, Submission 65, pp. 3–4; Helistar Aviation, Submission 23, [pp. 5–6]; Model Aeronautical Association of Australia, Submission 50, p. 5; Mr Joseph Urli, Australian Certified UAV Operators, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 15; Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Submission 46, p. 5.

[16]      Piper Alderman, Submission 65, pp. 3–4.

[17]      Mr Chris Bird, Submission 52, [p. 4].

[18]      See, for example: Captain John Lyons, Virgin Independent Pilots Association, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 5; Unmanned Research Aircraft Facility, University of Adelaide, Submission 43, p. 7; Mr Chris Bird, Submission 52, [p. 3].

[19]      Unmanned Research Aircraft Facility, University of Adelaide, Submission 43, p. 7. Italicised in original text.

[20]      Mr Joseph Urli, Australian Certified UAV Operators, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 15.

[21]      Captain John Lyons, Virgin Independent Pilots Association, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 5.

[22]      Mr Bradley Mason, Australian Certified UAV Operators, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 15.

[23]      International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Submission 19, pp. 17–18.

[24]      Mr Joseph Wheeler, International Aerospace Law & Policy Group, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 31.

[25]      See, for example: Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Submission 17, p. i.; Unmanned Research Aircraft Facility, University of Adelaide, Submission 43, p. 7; Dr Chris Thompson, Submission 81, [p. 6].

[26]      Megan Bailey, 'Drone users face Casey Council crackdown with new law aimed at nuisance operators', Herald Sun, 8 December 2017, http://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/south-east/drone-users-face-casey-council-crackdown-with-new-law-aimed-at-nuisance-operators/news-story/e0dee152db2a6094531feb8ac6d51fac (accessed 8 December 2017).

[27]      Jeremy Venosta, 'Drone ban: Ballarat City Council changes laws', The Courier, 14 December 2017, http://www.thecourier.com.au/story/5121648/flyers-determined-to-battle-new-council-drone-regulations/ (accessed 15 December 2017). Also see: Jeremy Venosta, 'Drone laws: councils urged to reconsider', The Courier, 17 December 2017, http://www.thecourier.com.au/story/5124653/peak-body-for-drones-slams-laws-banning-hobby-businesses/ (accessed 19 December 2017).

[28]      Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Submission 46, p. 8.

[29]      Piper Alderman, Submission 65, p. 3.

[30]      Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Submission 46, p. 8. Also see: Qantas Group, Submission 34, p. 2.

[31]      NSW Government, Submission 69, [p. 1].

[32]      Department of Infrastructure, Regional Development and Cities, Transport and Infrastructure Council, http://transportinfrastructurecouncil.gov.au/ (accessed 8 November 2017).

[33]      NSW Government, Submission 69, [p. 1].

[34]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Social Policy and Legal Affairs, Eyes in the sky: Inquiry into drones and the regulation of air safety and privacy, July 2014, pp. 34–35.

[35]      Professor Des Butler, Submission 18, p. 3.

[36]      Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, Submission 46, pp. 11–12; Liberty Victoria & Australian Association for Unmanned Systems, The Use of Drones in Australia: An agenda for reform, May 2015, p. 3.

[37]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Social Policy and Legal Affairs, Eyes in the sky: Inquiry into drones and the regulation of air safety and privacy, July 2014, p. 48.

[38]      Australian Government, Australian Government response to the Standing Committee on Social Policy and Legal Affairs Report – Eyes in the Sky: Inquiry into drones and the regulation of air safety and privacy, December 2016, p. 9.

Chapter 8 - Committee view and recommendations

[1]        Explanatory statement, Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment (Part 101) Regulation 2016, p. 1.

[2]        See Chapter 3.

[3]        Dr Jonathan Aleck, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Budget Estimates Hansard, 23 May 2017, p. 109.

[4]        Mr Chris Manning, Australian Transport Safety Bureau, Budget Estimates Hansard, 23 May 2017, p. 134.

[5]        Civil Aviation Act 1988, s. 9A.

[6]        Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018, p. 22.

[7]        CASA's review received 910 responses to a range of questions relating to registration, training and demonstrated proficiency, geo-fencing, counter-drone technology, and regulatory approaches. See: Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018.

[8]        Adam Clark Estes, 'DJI Will Cripple Your Drone If You Don't Register It On the Company's Website, Gizmodo, 23 May 2017, https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/05/dji-will-cripple-your-drone-if-you-dont-register-it-on-the-companys-website/ (accessed 20 February 2018).

[9]        Mr Bradley Mason, Australian Certified UAV Operators, Committee Hansard, 28 June 2017, p. 14.

[10]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Review of aviation safety regulation of remotely piloted aircraft systems, May 2018, p. 14.

[11]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Self-administering organisations, https://www.casa.gov.au/standard-page/self-administering-organisations (accessed 2 May 2018).

[12]      Australian Maritime Safety Authority, Beacons, http://beacons.amsa.gov.au/ (accessed 24 April 2018).

[13]      Australian Communications and Media Authority, ID checks for prepaid mobiles, https://www.acma.gov.au/theACMA/id-checks-for-prepaid-mobiles (accessed 24 April 2018).

[14]      Department of Defence, answers to written questions on notice, 22 March 2018, p. 4 (received 24 April 2018).

[15]      Civil Aviation Safety Authority, DP 1529US – UAS airworthiness framework, https://www.casa.gov.au/standard-page/dp-1529us-uas-airworthiness-framework (accessed 12 November 2017).

[16]      Graham Wild, Glenn Baxter and John Murray, 'Exploring drone accidents and incidents to help prevent potential air disasters', Aerospace, vol. 3, no. 3, 2016, pp. 1–11.

[17]      See Chapter 4. Whilst some data is retained about commercial operations, recreational drone users are not required to provide the same information to CASA.

[18]      See Chapter 7.

[19]      See: House of Representatives Standing Committee on Social Policy and Legal Affairs, Eyes in the sky: Inquiry into drones and the regulation of air safety and privacy, July 2014, pp. 33–50.