Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction and conduct of inquiry

[1]        Journals of the Senate, 12 May 2010, p. 3461.

Chapter 2 - Torres Strait and the Treaty

[1]        Exact measurements differ but the figures given here are based on those in Document submitted by Australia and Papua New Guinea to the International Maritime Organization, Marine Environment Protection Committee, 49^th session, Agenda item 8, MEPC 49/8, 10 April 2003, p. 2. It stated that the Torres Strait is about 150 nautical miles long and 90 nautical miles wide. See also the Reef Guide, A Shipmaster's handbook to the Torres Strait and the Great Barrier Reef, Maritime Safety Queensland and Australian Maritime Safety Authority, fifth edition, 2003. It stated that the Torres Strait is about 140 nautical miles long and 80 nautical miles wide, p. 6.

[2]        See for example, David Lawrence and Helen Reeves Lawrence, Torres Strait: the region and its people, Aboriginal Studies Press, www.aiatsis.gov.au/aboriginal_studies_press/order (accessed 19 February 2010).

[3]        TSRA, website, http://www.tsra.gov.au/the-torres-strait/community-profiles.aspx (accessed 14 January 2010).

[4]        Queensland Government, Office of Economic and Statistical Research, Indigenous Regional Profile (Census 2006), Torres Strait Indigenous Region; see also Australian Bureau of Statistics, Population distribution, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 4705.0, 2006, p. 40.

[5]        In the Torres Strait, the Torres Shire Council administers Thursday Island, Horn Island, Friday Island, Prince of Wales Island and Goods Island. For Information on the Torres Shire Council see http://www.torres.qld.gov.au/

[6]        See for example, David Lawrence and Helen Reeves Lawrence, Torres Strait: the region and its people, Aboriginal Studies Press, www.aiatsis.gov.au/aboriginal_studies_press/order and Nonie Sharp, Transcript, ABC Radio National, 'Spirit of Things', Seadreaming', 15 December 2002.

[7]        Colin Scott and Monica Mullrennan, 'Land and sea tenure at Erub, Torres Strait: Property, sovereignty and the adjudication of cultural continuity', Oceania, vol. 70, issue 2, Sydney, December 1999.

[8]        See for example, Case Study 1, 'Climate change and the human rights of Torres Strait Islanders', in Australian Human Rights Commission,  Native Title Report 2008, p. 229, http://www.hreoc.gov.au/social_justice/nt_report/ntreport08/casestudy1.html (accessed 4 January 2010).

[9]        Jeremy Beckett, Torres Strait Islanders: Custom and Colonialism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987, p. 4.

[10]      Anna Shnukal, 'The Post-contact created environment in the Torres Strait Central Islands', Memoirs of the Queensland Museum Cultural Heritage Series, vol. 3, part 1, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, June 2004, p. 319.

[11]      See for example, Julie Lahn, 'Past Visions, Present Lives: sociality and locality in a Torres Strait community', Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy submitted James Cook University, November 2003, p. 19.

[12]      Nonie Sharp, 'Reimaging Northern Seascapes in Australia: Open Access, Common Property and the Return of Responsibility?', Paper prepared for the Seventh International Conference for the Study of Common Property, 'Crossing Boundaries', Vancouver, 10–14 June 1998.

[13]      Julie Lahn, 'Past Visions, Present Lives: sociality and locality in a Torres Strait community', Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, James Cook University, November 2003, p. 14.

[14]      Anna Shnukal, 'The Post-contact created Environment in the Torres Strait Central Islands', Memoirs of the Queensland Museum Cultural Heritage Series, vol. 3, part 1, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, June 2004, p. 336.

[15]      Jeremy Beckett, Torres Strait Islanders: Custom and Colonialism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987, p. 4.

[16]      Jeremy Beckett, Torres Strait Islanders: Custom and Colonialism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987, pp.6–7.

[17]      See for example, Torres Strait Natural Resource Management Reference Group, Land & Sea Management Strategy for Torres Strait, Natural Heritage Trust, November 2005, p. 45.

[18]      Submission 23, p. [1].

[19]      Queensland Government, Queensland Coast Islands Proclamation dated 18 July 1879, reprint No. 1.

[20]      Emeritus Professor Donald Denoon, ANU, 'The Hundred Fathers of the Torres Strait Treaty', 4^th Annual R.G. Neale Lecture 2009, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 5 November 2009, p. 3.

[21]      See Articles 3 and 4.

[22]      H. Burmester, 'The Torres Strait Treaty: Ocean Boundary Delimitation by Agreement', The American Journal of International Law, vol. 76, 1982, p. 333.

[23]      Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Timor Sea treaties, Committee Hansard, Friday, 4 October 2002, Melbourne, p. 135.

[24]      H. Burmester, 'The Torres Strait Treaty: Ocean Boundary Delimitation by Agreement', The American Journal of International Law, vol. 76, 1982, p. 336.

[25]      Mr William Campbell, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 7–8.

[26]      See for example, Professor Stuart Kaye, 'Torres Strait Native Title Sea Claim: Legal Issues Paper', National Native Title Tribunal Occasional Papers Series, No. 2/2004, 18 October 2002 (updated September 2004), p. 10.

[27]      H. Burmester, 'The Torres Strait Treaty: Ocean Boundary Delimitation by Agreement', The American Journal of International Law, vol. 76, 1982, p. 330.

[28]      Preamble to Treaty, 'Treaty between Australia and the Independent State of Papua New Guinea concerning Sovereignty and Maritime Boundaries in the area between the two Countries, including the area known as Torres Strait, and Related Matters', Australian Treaty Series, No. 4, Department of Foreign Affairs, Canberra, http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/1985/4.html  (accessed 23 November 2009).

[29]      Torres Strait Protected Zone Joint Authority, http://www.pzja.gov.au/about_us/default.htm (accessed 2 July 2010).

[30]      See for example, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Torres Strait Treaty and You', http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/torres_strait/brief.html (accessed 30 November 2009) and Mr William Campbell, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 5.

[31]      Article 1, Definitions.

[32]      See Submissions 4, 8 and 31.

[33]      Article 10(4) and Articles 13, 14 and 15.

[34]      Articles 7, 10, 13, 14, 19 and 21–28.

[35]      Article 14(4).

[36]      Professor Stuart Kaye, 'Torres Strait Native Title Sea Claim: Legal Issues Paper', National Native Title Tribunal Occasional Papers Series, No. 2/2004, 18 October 2002 (updated September 2004), and Stuart B Kaye, 'Jurisdictional Patchwork: Law of the Sea and Native Title Issues in the Torres Strait', Melbourne Journal of International Law, vol. 2, 2001.

[37]      H Burmester, 'The Torres Strait Treaty: Ocean Boundary Delimitation by Agreement', The American Journal of International Law, vol. 76, 1982, p. 332.

[38]      Article 13(4) and Article 14(3).

[39]      Article 17.

[40]      Article 16(2).

[41]      Article 18(3).

[42]      http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/torres_strait/brief.html and Land & Sea Management Strategy for Torres Strait, 2005, p. 46.

[43]      Submission 24, p. [3].

[44]      Submission 24, p. [3].

[45]      Submission 24, p. [3].

[46]      The text of the document belongs to the Traditional Inhabitants as defined in the Treaty. Additional Information provided to the committee, 22 June 2010.

[47]      Mr Brett Young, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 7.

[48]      Mr William Campbell, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 3.

[49]      Mr Jeremy Bruer, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 2–3 and Submission 23, [5].

[50]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 2.

[51]      Information obtained during the committee's visit to the Torres Strait and evidence taken on Thursday Island, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010. See also Torres Strait Island Regional Council, Submission 9.

Chapter 3 - Health service provision in the Torres Strait

[1]        See previous paragraph 2.28.

[2]        Torres Strait Island Regional Council (TSIRC), Submission 9, p. 2.

[3]        Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 5.

[4]        Torres Strait Regional Authority (TSRA), Submission 18, p. 12.

[5]        Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC), Submission 16, p. 16.

[6]        Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 15. TSRA and Immigration figures support this estimate. See for example TSRA, Submission 5; House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Roundtable forum on regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, p. 5; and DIAC, Submission 16, p. 16.

[7]        Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 15. TSRA and Immigration figures support this estimate. See for example TSRA, Submission 5; House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Roundtable forum on regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, p. 5; and DIAC, Submission 16, p. 16.

[8]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Population Distribution, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Australians, Catalogue number 4705.0, table 21, 2006, p. 40. It indicates that Boigu had a total of 282 and Saibai a total of 338 inhabitants.

[9]        TSRA, Submission 18, p. 12.

[10]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 20.

[11]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 20.

[12]      Queensland Government, answer to question on notice, p. 3.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 19–20.

[14]      For example, the TSRA referred to local concerns that health resources are being used by visitors from PNG and impacting on the ability of Torres Strait Islanders to access health services. TSRA, Submission 58 to Senate Select Committee on Regional and Remote Indigenous Communities, p. 13. See also, Torres Shire Council, Submission 19, p. 6; TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 3; and John Toshi Kris, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 5.

[15]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 4. The TSRA also referred to clinic staff dealing with PNG visitors as part of their routine business which may affect the quality of health service delivery to local people. Submission 18, p. 12.

[16]      Meeting with community leaders on Saibai, 23 March 2010.

[17]      Submission 2 and see also Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 25.

[18]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 20.

[19]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 20. Ms Nardi indicated that part of the increase could be attributed to the advent of swine flu.

[20]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 20.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 20.

[22]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 20.

[23]      TSRA, Submission 18, pp. 11–12; see also TSIRC, Submission 2, p. 1; Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA), Submission 11, p. 1.

[24]      TSRA, Submission 5, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Roundtable forum on regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, p. 3.

[25]      TSRA, Submission 18, pp. 11–12; see also Jennifer Bryant, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 74–75.

[26]      DoHA, Submission 11, p. 1. See also TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 3; TSRA, Submission 18, p. 12.

[27]      DoHA, answer to question on notice 4, 17 December 2009.

[28]      DIAC, Submission 16, p. 16.

[29]      TSRA, Submission 5, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Roundtable forum on regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, p. 9.

[30]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 21.

[31]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 21–22.

[32]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 17.

[33]      Richard Speare, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 31 August 2009, p. 10.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 21.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 21.

[36]      Australian Government, Papua New Guinea–Australia Partnership for Development, Priority Outcome 3: Health, 10 June 2009, pp. 1–2.

[37]      DoHA, answer to question on notice 4, 17 December 2009.

[38]      Michael Toole, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 11 September 2009, pp. 14–15.

[39]      Jennifer Bryant, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 80.

[40]      DoHA, answer to question on notice 4, 17 December 2009.

[41]      Jennifer Lean, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 23.

[42]      DoHA, answer to question on notice 4, 17 December 2009.

[43]      DoHA, Submission 11, p. 1. See also Australian Government, Papua New Guinea–Australia Partnership for Development, Priority Outcome 3: Health, 10 June 2009, pp. 2–3. It noted that provision of health services in PNG and Western Province 'is not reaching rural areas where approximately 86 per cent of Papua New Guineans live'. In fact, the number of open aid posts had reduced by 160 in just one year (2005 to 2006).

[44]      Bradley McCulloch, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 31 August 2009, p. 16; Professor Michael Toole, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 11 September 2009, p. 14.

[45]      Michael Toole, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 11 September 2009, pp. 14–15.

[46]      AusAID, Office of Development Effectiveness, Evaluation of Australian aid program's contribution to the national HIV/AIDS response in PNG, Evaluation terms of reference, p. 2, http://www.ode.ausaid.gov.au/publications/index.html#papua1 (accessed 23 September 2010).

[47]      Darren Russell, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 31 August 2009, p. 9.

[48]      Patricia Fagan, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 31 August 2009, p. 15. Data regarding HIV/AIDS 'in respect of Australian nationals in the Torres Strait is reported directly to our national surveillance systems', Jennifer Bryant, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 80.

[49]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 17.

[50]      Darren Russell, p. 9, and Dr Patricia Fagan, p. 14, in House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 31 August 2009.

[51]      Anastasios Konstantinos, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 31 August 2009, p. 23.

[52]      Graham Simpson, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 31 August 2009, p. 22.

[53]      DoHA, answer to question on notice 4, 17 December 2009.

[54]      TSRA, Submission 5 to House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Roundtable forum on regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, p. 9.

[55]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 22.

[56]      AusAID, Submission 21, p. 1. According to a UNDP report, PNG's level of human development remains low and has, in some areas, deteriorated over the recent years. For example, with regard to health indicators, it noted: 'Life expectancy increased from 40 years in 1971, to nearly 50 years in 1980, with infant mortality declining from 134/1,000 to 72/1,000 over the same period. By 2002, however, Papua New Guinea’s progress had slowed against a number of key social indicators with low life expectancy (57 years), high infant mortality (64/1,000) and very high maternal mortality (370/100,000)'. Government of Papua New Guinea United Nations Development System, A partnership for nation-building: United Nations country programme Papua New Guinea 2008 – 2012, May 2007, p. 11, paragraphs. 17 and 20, http://www.undp.org.pg/documents/UNCP/UNCP%202.pdf?ArticleId=34 (accessed 7 June 2010).

[57]      Australian Government, Papua New Guinea–Australia Partnership for Development, Priority Outcome 3: Health, 10 June 2009, pp. 2–3.

[58]      World Health Organisation, Country Health Information Profiles, Papua New Guinea, p. 327, http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/11EE7BCC-0C36-4B66-A6E3-8075333E34E5/0/29PapuaNewGuinea2009.pdf  (accessed 7 June 2010).

[59]      World Health Organisation, Country Health Information Profiles, Papua New Guinea, p. 326, http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/11EE7BCC-0C36-4B66-A6E3-8075333E34E5/0/29PapuaNewGuinea2009.pdf  (accessed 7 June 2010).

[60]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 23.

[61]      World Health Organisation, Country Health Information Profiles, Papua New Guinea, p. 325, http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/11EE7BCC-0C36-4B66-A6E3-8075333E34E5/0/29PapuaNewGuinea2009.pdf (accessed 7 June 2010).

[62]      Australian Government, Papua New Guinea–Australia Partnership for Development, Priority Outcome 3: Health, 10 June 2009, p. 3.

[63]      Review of the PNG–Australia Development Cooperation Treaty (1999), 19 April 2010, p. 45.

[64]      Review of the PNG–Australia Development Cooperation Treaty (1999), 19 April 2010, p. 46.

[65]      Jennifer Lean, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 26.

[66]      AusAID, answer to question on notice 2, 18 December 2009.

[67]      Review of the PNG–Australia Development Cooperation Treaty (1999), 19 April 2010,          pp. 46–7.

[68]      DoHA, Submission 11, p. 6.

[69]      Ellen Shipley, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 22.

[70]      AusAID, answer to question on notice 2, 18 December 2009.

[71]      DoHA, Submission 11, p. 1; Also see Queensland Nurses' Union, Submission 29, p. 1; Kevin Murphy, Submission 15, pp. 5–6. See also Australian Government, Papua New Guinea–Australia Partnership for Development, Priority Outcome 3: Health, 10 June 2009, pp. 2–3. It noted that provision of health services in PNG and Western Province 'is not reaching rural areas where approximately 86 per cent of Papua New Guineans live'. In fact, the number of open aid posts had reduced by 160 in just one year (2005 to 2006).

[72]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, pp. 8–9.

[73]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 51.

[74]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 51.

[75]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 47.

[76]      Submission 11, Attachment A, p. 2.

[77]      Submission 11, Attachment A, p. 4.

[78]      Meeting on Saibai, 23 March 2010.

[79]      TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 3.

[80]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 12.

[81]      DoHA, Submission 11, p. 3.

[82]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 9.

[83]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 27–28.

[84]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, pp. 51–52.

[85]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 17.

[86]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 14.

[87]      Fay Gardner, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 11 September 2009, p. 21.

[88]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 19–20.

[89]      Jennifer Bryant, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 74.

[90]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 26.

[91]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 21.

[92]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 26.

[93]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 16.

[94]      DIAC, Submission 16, p. 16.

[95]      DIAC, Statistical update for traditional movements within the protected zone, Tabled document, 18 June 2010, p. 1.

[96]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 23.

[97]      TSRA, Submission 5 to House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Roundtable forum on regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, p. 9.

[98]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 16.

[99]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 4.

[100]    Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 5.

[101]    See for example Department of Health and Ageing, Submission 11, p. 2; and Queensland Government, Queensland Health: Management of PNG Nationals, draft policy, p. 2; Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 28.

[102]    Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 80.

[103]    Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 27–28.

Chapter 4 - Addressing health issues in Torres Strait

[1]        TSRA, Submission 18, p. 13. See also TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 4.

[2]        Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 4.

[3]        Torres Shire Council, Submission 19, p. 7.

[4]        Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 12

[5]        Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 12.

[6]        In 2000, the Australian and PNG Governments signed a treaty on development cooperation setting out 'the principles, objectives, management and administrative arrangements' for a joint development cooperation program. The Papua New Guinea–Australia Development Cooperation Strategy 2006–2010 focuses on sustainability and capacity building. Its objectives include improved governance; improved service delivery; and more effective response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It is also linked to the PNG Government's medium-term development and fiscal strategies. Australian Government, Papua New Guinea–Australia Development Cooperation Strategy 2006–2010, Summary, 2007, p. 1.

[7]        Australian Government, Papua New Guinea–Australia Partnership for Development, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/country/partnership/png.cfm (accessed 21 April 2010).

[8]        Australian Government, Papua New Guinea–Australia Partnership for Development, Priority Outcome 3: Health, 10 June 2009, p. 8.

[9]        Australian Government, Papua New Guinea–Australia Partnership for Development, Priority Outcome 3: Health, 10 June 2009, p. 2.

[10]      AusAID, Submission 21, p. 1.

[11]      Joint Statement, 19^th Australia–Papua New Guinea Ministerial Forum, Brisbane, 10 June 2009, paragraph 9, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/png/19_forum_joint_statement.pdf (accessed 21 April 2010).

[12]      Papua New Guinea–Australia Bilateral meeting, Alotau, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Joint Statement, 7–8 July 2010, paragraph 27, http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2010/fa-s100709a.html

[13]      AusAID, Submission 21, p. 1.

[14]      AusAID, Answer to question on notice 47, Budget Supplementary Estimates, October 2009.

[15]      Ellen Shipley, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 11 September 2009, p. 24.

[16]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 23.

[17]      AusAID, Submission 21, p. 1.

[18]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2010, p. 26.

[19]      DoHA, Submission 11, p. 2.

[20]      DoHA, Submission 11, p. 2; AusAID, Submission 21, p. 2. Australian government agencies include DFAT, AusAID, Australian Quarantine Inspection Service (AQIS), Immigration, Australian Customs and Border Protection Service and the TSRA.

[21]      DFAT, Submission 23, p. 3.

[22]      DoHA, Submission 11, p. 2.

[23]      DoHA, Submission 11, p. 3 and attachment A, p. 1.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 27.

[25]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific: Report of the Australian Parliamentary delegation to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, March 2010, paragraph 3.122.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 21.

[27]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 27.

[28]      DoHA, Submission 11, p. 6.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 83.

[30]      DoHA, Submission 11, p. 3.

[31]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 79; DoHA, Submission 11, p. 2.

[32]      Ellen Shipley, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 22; see also AusAID, Submission 21, p. 2.

[33]      AusAID, Submission 21, p. 3, and Ellen Shipley, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 21.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 81.

[35]      DoHA, Submission 11, attachment A, p. 1.

[36]      DoHA, Submission 11, attachment A, p. 8.

[37]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 18.

[38]      See for example, Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, vol. 1, Economic challenges facing Papua New Guinea and the island states of the southwest Pacific, November 2009, paragraph 15.10.

[39]      House of Representatives, Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific: Report of the Australian Parliamentary delegation to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, March 2010, paragraph 3.15. Also see recommendation 6 which reads 'the Australian government encourage and support further institutional partnerships and/or reciprocal exchanges between the School of Medical and Health Sciences at the University of Papua New Guinea and Australian universities'.

[40]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 22–23.

[41]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 29.

[42]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 17.

[43]      DoHA, Submission 11, attachment A, p. 8; see also DIAC, Submission 16, p. 16.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 12

[45]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 14; DIAC, Submission 16, p. 16.

[46]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 14; DIAC, Submission 16, p. 16.

[47]      Papua New Guinea–Australia Bilateral meeting, Alotau, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Joint Statement, 7–8 July 2010, paragraph 44. Ms Jennifer Rawson, DFAT, explained that the details of the proposal were being worked through, which involved reaching agreement on the technical aspects of how such an arrangement would operate. She was hopeful that it would finalised within the short term. Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 19.

[48]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 28 and DoHA, Submission 11, p. 6.

[49]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 28.

[50]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 29.

[51]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 29.

[52]      Graeme Maguire, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 31 August 2009, p. 10.

[53]      Ellen Shipley, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 27.

[54]      AusAID, Submission 21, p. 3.

[55]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 26. The position is funded for four years. DoHA, Submission 11, attachment A, p. 7. Funding of $0.7 million has been allocated under the HIC package of measures to the extension of the position. Fay Gardner, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 11 September 2009, p. 21.

[56]      DoHA, Submission 11, attachment A, p. 7.

[57]      DoHA, Submission 11, attachment A, p. 1; Ellen Shipley, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 20.

[58]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 26.

[59]      House of Representatives, Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, March 2010, p. 105.

[60]      Graham Simpson, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 31 August 2009, p. 22. There are 'no telephones in the Western Province villages', Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 17.

[61]      DoHA, Submission 11, p. 4.

[62]      DoHA, Submission 11, attachment A, p. 8; Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 17.

[63]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 26–27.

[64]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 29.

[65]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 17.

[66]      Kevin Murphy, Submission 15, pp. 5–6.

[67]      Graham Smith, Submission 3, pp. 1–2.

[68]      Graham Smith, Submission 3, p. 2.

[69]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 29.

[70]      Submission 3, p. 3.

[71]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 29.

[72]      John Toshi Kris, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 13.

[73]      Napua Pedro Stephen, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 28.

[74]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, vol. I, Economic challenges facing Papua New Guinea and the island states of the southwest Pacific, 2009, paragraph 18.34.

[75]      Review of the PNG–Australia Development Cooperation Treaty (1999), 19 April 2010, p. 1.

[76]      Review of the PNG–Australia Development Cooperation Treaty (1999), 19 April 2010, p. 4.

[77]      House of Representatives, Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific: Report of the Australian Parliamentary delegation to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, March 2010, recommendation 11, p. xxii.

[78]      AusAID, Submission 21, p. 1.

[79]      Ellen Shipley, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 11 September 2009, p. 24.

[80]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 26.

[81]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 13. See also TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 4. TSRA also noted in another Senate inquiry that given the 'health challenges facing the region, there is a need for more rigorous oversight of and investment in capacity building and resourcing of health services'. TSRA, Submission 58 to Senate Select Committee on Regional and Remote Indigenous Communities, p. 13.

[82]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 3.

[83]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p.13.

[84]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 13.

[85]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, vol. 1, Economic challenges facing Papua New Guinea and the island states of the southwest Pacific, 2009, paragraph 18.85.

[86]      Review of the PNG–Australia Development Cooperation Treaty (1999), 19 April 2010, recommendation 10.10, p. 59.

[87]      AusAID, Submission 21, p. 1.

[88]      Fay Gardner, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 83.

[89]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 7.

Chapter 5 - Health and border control measures

[1]        See for example Mr Brett Young, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 12.

[2]        Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 14; DIAC, Submission 16, p. 16.

[3]        Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 12; DIAC, Submission 16, p. 16.

[4]        Copy of the 'Guidelines for Traditional Visitors' Under the Torres Strait Treaty', provided by DFAT to the committee.

[5]        Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 12; DIAC, Submission 16, p. 16.

[6]        Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 20.

[7]        DIAC, Submission 16, p. 16.

[8]        Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 19.

[9]        DIAC, Submission 16, p. 16 and Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 19.

[10]      Jennifer Lean, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 24.

[11]      Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 27.

[12]      DIAC, Submission 16, p. 13.

[13]      DIAC, Submission 16, p. 13, and Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 19.

[14]      Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, pp. 12–13; also, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 16–17.

[15]      DIAC, Tabled document, 18 June 2010, p. 2.

[16]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 21.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 22.

[18]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, pp. 12–13.

[19]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 14, p. 6.

[20]      DIAC, Submission 16, p. 4.

[21]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 17.

[22]      DIAC, Submission 16, p. 7.

[23]      DFAT website, 'Travel Advice, Papua New Guinea, 11 November 2010, http://www.smartraveller.gov.au/zw-cgi/view/Advice/Papua_New_Guinea (accessed 11 November 2010.

[24]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 21–22. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has introduced medication (fixed dose combinations of tablets) against tuberculosis that simplifies the prescription of drugs and the management of drug supply, lessening the risk of MDR TB developing, House of Representatives, Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific: Report of the Australian Parliamentary delegation to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, March 2010, paragraph 3.99, p. 96.

[25]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 14.

[26]      DIAC, Submission 16, p. 7.

[27]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 14.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 9.

[29]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 21.

[30]      Queensland Nurses' Union, Submission 29, pp. 1–2.

[31]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 21.

[32]      Queensland Government, Queensland Health: Management of PNG Nationals, p. 2.

[33]      Fay Gardner, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 78–79 and TSRA, Submission 18, pp. 12–13.

[34]      Queensland Government, Queensland Health: Management of PNG Nationals, Appendix 2, p. 11.

[35]      Queensland Government, answer to question on notice, 'Estimated Cost to Queensland Health for the Treatment of PNG Nationals 2004–2009', 25 March 2010.

[36]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 16.

[37]      Queensland Government, answer to question on notice regarding 'Estimated Cost to Queensland Health for the Treatment of PNG Nationals 2004–2009', 25 March 2010. Regarding island clinic data, Queensland Health indicated that it is inconsistent due to data capture issues and noted that presentations were mainly on Saibai and Boigu. Regarding medical transfers, data is inconsistent and the data for 2008–09 pertains to nine months only.

[38]      Queensland Government, answer to question on notice, 25 March 2010, p. 3.

[39]      Queensland Government, answer to question on notice, 'Estimated Cost to Queensland Health for the Treatment of PNG Nationals 2004–2009', 25 March 2010.

[40]      Queensland Government, answer to question on notice, 25 March 2010, p. 3.

[41]      Graham Simpson, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific, Committee Hansard, 31 August 2009, p. 21.

[42]      Queensland Nurses' Union, Submission 29, p. 2.

[43]      Community and Public Sector Union (CPSU), Submission 28, p. 2, and Queensland Nurses' Union, Submission 29, p. 2.

[44]      DoHA, Submission 11, p. 2.

[45]      Jennifer Bryant, Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, pp. 30–31; Commonwealth Budget 2010–11, Budget Paper No. 3, Part 2: Payments for Specific Purposes, National Partnership on health services, table 2.2.40.

[46]      Fay Gardner, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 76. $3.8 million has been allocated in the 2009–10 Budget.

[47]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 24; Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 17.

[48]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 24.

[49]      DoHA, answer to question on notice 2, 17 December 2009; Fay Gardner, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 75.

[50]      DoHA, Budget 2009–2010, Budget Paper No. 2, Part 2: Expense Measures, Health and Ageing. Torres Strait Health Protection Strategy is part of the HIC package of measures.

[51]      Jennifer Bryant, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 80.

[52]      Fay Gardner, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 77.

[53]      Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 21.

[54]      Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 26.

[55]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 20–21.

[56]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 24.

[57]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 28.

[58]      Bronwyn Nardi, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 24; Queensland Government, Queensland Health: Management of PNG Nationals, draft policy, Appendix 2, p. 11.

[59]      Queensland Government, Queensland Health: Management of PNG Nationals, Appendix 2, p. 13.

[60]      Fay Gardner, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 77.

[61]      Malawap Ali Benjamin Nona, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 35.

Chapter 6 - Law and order

[1]        Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 14, p. 2.

[2]        For explanation of the Torres Strait Protected Zone, see chapter 2.

[3]        DIAC, Submission 16, p. 1.

[4]        Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 14, p. 2.

[5]        DIAC, Submission 16, p. 7.

[6]        TSRA, Submission 18, p. 10. AFP, Additional information, dated 1 April 2010, p. 1.

[7]        Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 4.

[8]        Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 14, p. 8.

[9]        Brett Young, Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 15.

[10]      Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 13–14.

[11]      DIAC, Submission 16, p. 8.

[12]      TSIRC, Submission 9, pp. 2–3.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 34.

[14]      TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 3.

[15]      Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 18.

[16]      Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 25.

[17]      Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 18.

[18]      John Kerlin, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 40.

[19]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 43.

[20]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 34.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 4.

[22]      The Guidelines for Traditional Visitors.

[23]      TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 2. See also Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 4.

[24]      Submission 2, p. 1.

[25]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 11.

[26]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 11.

[27]      Submission 2, p. 1.

[28]      Kevin Murphy, Submission 15, p. 4.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 24.

[30]      Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 25.

[31]      Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 24.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, pp. 19 and 22.

[33]      John Kerlin, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 43.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 22.

[35]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 11.

[36]      Submission 18, p. 11, footnote 5.

[37]      Submission 18, executive summary.

[38]      Submission 2, p. 2.

[39]      TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 4.

[40]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 15; see also TSRA, Submission 58 to Senate Select Committee on Regional and Remote Indigenous Communities, p. 15.

[41]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 4.

[42]      Brett Young, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 18.

[43]      TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 2.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 7.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 8.

[46]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, pp. 5–6.

[47]      Submission 2, p. 1.

[48]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, pp. 5–6.

[49]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 16–18.

[50]      Jeremy Bruer, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 16.

[51]      Brett Young, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 18.

[52]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 8.

[53]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 6–7.

[54]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 7.

[55]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 6.

Chapter 7 - Addressing law and order challenges

[1]        Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 16.

[2]        Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 16.

[3]        Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, pp. 16–17.

[4]        Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 10.

[5]        Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 4.

[6]        Section 16 of the Migration Act 1958 reads: 'The Minister may declare, in writing, that it is undesirable that a specified inhabitant of the Protected Zone continue to be permitted to enter or remain in Australia'.

[7]        DIAC, Submission 16, p. 8.

[8]        Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 5.

[9]        TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 1.

[10]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 22.

[11]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. pp. 12–13 and 21.

[12]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 21.

[13]      John Kerlin, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 43.

[14]      Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 13–14.

[15]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 7. The 2006 review of the Department's operations in the Torres Strait noted that the method of recording the movements of traditional inhabitants required a 'significant revamp and to the extent practicable needs to be a computerised database'. It added that the department's office locations are poorly equipped and equipment needs to be upgraded. D G Wheen, Review of the Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs' Operation in the Torres Strait, 1 March 2006, paragraphs 1.13 and 1.1.17.

[16]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 16.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 11.

[18]      Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 13–14.

Chapter 8 - Policing the Torres Strait

[1]        The Allen Consulting Group, Independent Review of Policing in Indigenous Communities in the Northern Territory: Policing further into remote communities, Report to the Australian Government and the Northern Territory Government, April 2010, p. 35.

[2]        Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 11.

[3]        Robert Atkinson, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 9.

[4]        AFP, Additional information, dated 1 April 2010, p. 1.

[5]        Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 5.

[6]        Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 7.

[7]        Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 3.

[8]        Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 6.

[9]        Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 17.

[10]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 6.

[11]      John Toshi Kris, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 17.

[12]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 6.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 17 and TSRA, Submission 18, p. 15.

[14]      Queensland Police Service, Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Police, http://www.police.qld.gov.au/programs/community/CulturalAdvisory/qatsip.htm (accessed 4 June 2010).

[15]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 11.

[16]      Queensland Police Service, Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Police, http://www.police.qld.gov.au/programs/community/CulturalAdvisory/qatsip.htm (accessed 4 June 2010).

[17]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 11.

[18]      The Allen Consulting Group, Independent Review of Policing in Indigenous Communities in the Northern Territory: Policing further into remote communities, Report to the Australian Government and the Northern Territory Government, April 2010, pp. 35–36.

[19]      Kenny Bedford, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, pp. 15–16. During another Senate inquiry, TSRA claimed that a range of offences have not been appropriately reported by Community Police Officers, including those relating to child safety and welfare. Senate Select Committee on Regional and Remote Indigenous Communities, Submission 58, pp. 15–16.

[20]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 7.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 34.

[22]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 16.

[23]      TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 2.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 7.

[25]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 28.

[26]      Napua Pedro Stephen, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 27.

[27]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 15.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 9.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 12.

[30]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 10.

[31]      Queensland Crime and Misconduct Commission, Restoring Order: Crime prevention, policing and local justice in Queensland's Indigenous communities, 2009, p. 166.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 14–15.

[33]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 5.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 15.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 14–15.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 7.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 23.

[38]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 23.

[39]      Robert Atkinson, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 10.

[40]      Robert Atkinson, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 10.

[41]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 5.

[42]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 17.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 16.

[44]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 15.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 23.

[46]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 23.

[47]      Torres Shire Council, Submission 19, p. 9.

[48]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 17.

[49]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 17.

[50]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 16.

[51]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 16.

[52]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 10 and 12.

[53]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 10–11.

[54]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 11.

[55]      Robert Atkinson, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 13.

[56]      Donald Banu, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 17.

[57]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 6.

[58]      CDEP helps Indigenous job seekers to gain the skills, training and capabilities needed to find sustainable employment and improves the economic and social well-being of communities. CDEP is one of the key Indigenous employment programs contributing to the Australian Government’s aim of halving the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous employment within a decade'. http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/indigenous/progserv/families/cdep/pages/default.aspx (accessed 24 May 2010).

[59]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 6.

[60]      John Toshi Kris, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 3.

[61]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 4 and 9.

[62]      Robert Atkinson, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 10.

[63]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 15.

[64]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 6.

[65]      Queensland Crime and Misconduct Commission, Restoring Order Crime prevention, policing and local justice in Queensland's Indigenous communities, 2009, p. 166.

[66]      Queensland Crime and Misconduct Commission, Restoring Order Crime prevention, policing and local justice in Queensland's Indigenous communities, 2009, p. 166.

[67]      Queensland Crime and Misconduct Commission, Restoring Order Crime prevention, policing and local justice in Queensland's Indigenous communities, 2009, p. 170.

[68]      Queensland Police Service, Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Police, http://www.police.qld.gov.au/programs/community/CulturalAdvisory/qatsip.htm (accessed 4 June 2010). Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 5.

[69]      Robert Atkinson, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 12.

[70]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 14, p. 5.

[71]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 11–12.

[72]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 12.

[73]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 6.

[74]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 14.

[75]      Police Commissioner Atkinson, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 3–4.

[76]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 5.

[77]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 14, p. 6.

[78]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 56.

[79]      Police Commissioner Atkinson, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 3–4.

[80]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 14.

[81]      Police Commissioner Atkinson, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 14.

[82]      Brett Young, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 18.

[83]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 5.

[84]      Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 28.

[85]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, pp. 6–7.

[86]      Police Commissioner Atkinson, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 14.

Chapter 9 - Conservation

[1]        See for example, 'Chelonia mydas', http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/4615/0/print 'Dugong dugon', http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/6909/0/print (accessed 15 April 2-10).

[2]        TSRA, Submission 18, p. 16. According to the TSRA, 'Turtle and dugong are the main sources of meat for people who live in the outer islands of the Torres Strait and are ‘prestige’ food for islanders who live elsewhere in Australia'. See also Jillian Grayson et al, 'Options for the sustainable use of green turtles by Hammond Islanders', 28^th ISTS Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, Mexico, 2008, p. 249 and Australian Academy of Science, Interviews with Australian scientists, Professor Helene Marsh, 2002, http://www.science.org.au/scientist/hm.htm  (accessed 11 January 2010).

[3]        Aurélie Delisle, 'Perceived costs and benefits of Indigenous hunting of dugongs and marine turtles: Mabuiag Island as a case study', James Cook University, 2009, http://www.ecoeco.org/anzsee09/cd_view_detail.php?id=773  (accessed 12 March 2010).

[4]        Article 1(l), Definitions.

[5]        Article 14.1 (a)(b)(c) and 14.4; Article 20 (2).

[6]        Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, http://www.cms.int/about/Partylist_eng.pdf and http://www.cms.int/about/map/world_english.jpg  See also for example, Helene Marsh et al, Dugong, Status Report and Action Plans for Countries and Territories, UNEP, UNEP/DEWA/RS.02-1; ICUN Red List, Dugong dugong, http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/6909/0/print (accessed 15 April 2010). See for example, 'Chelonia mydas, http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/4615/0/print (accessed 15 April 2-10).

[7]        Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, http://www.cites.org/eng/disc/what.shtml and http://www.cites.org/eng/disc/parties/alphabet.shtml  (accessed 8 September 2009).

[8]        Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 35–36. See also Torres Strait Scientific Advisory Committee, Strategic Research Plan for Torres Strait Fisheries, July 2009, p. 7; Professor Hurry, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 58.

[9]        Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 36.

[10]      Timothy Skewes et al, Sustainability Assessment of the Torres Strait Sea Cucumber Fishery, CRS-TS Task Number T1.4, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, July 2006, p.vii.

[11]      Torres Strait Scientific Advisory Committee, Strategic Research Plan for Torres Strait Fisheries, July 2009, p. 7.

[12]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 58.

[13]      Mr Timothy Skewes informed the committee that CSIRO had been monitoring that population and thought there had been a recovery, at least in the black teat fish population in the Torres Strait. Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 36–37.

[14]      Tim Skewes et al, Torres Strait Hand Collectables, 2009 survey: Sea cucumber, Final Report, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, March 2010, p. 18.

[15]      Tim Skewes et al, Torres Strait Hand Collectables, 2009 survey: Sea cucumber, Final Report, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, March 2010, p. 18. Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 37 and Torres Strait Hand Collectable Working Group, Meeting no. 4, 27–28 July 2010, Agenda item no. 2.2 for noting.

[16]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 37 and Torres Strait Hand Collectable Working Group, Meeting no. 4, 27–28 July 2010, Agenda item no. 2.1 for noting. CSIRO, The Recovery of the Holothuria scabra (sandfish) population on Warrior Reef, Torres Strait, Milestone Report, May 2010, Project 2009/846.

[17]      See for example, Jillian Grayson et al, Information to assist Torres Strait Islanders manage their traditional fisheries for dugongs and green turtles, Final project report prepared for the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, May 2006, p. 6.

[18]      Torres Strait Turtle and Dugong Fisheries Assessment Report, Prepared by the Australian Fisheries Management Authority on behalf of the Torres Strait Protected Zone Joint Authority, January 2007, p. vi. http://www.pzja.gov.au/notices/notices/2007/Final_TandD_Report.pdf (accessed 7 June 2010).

[19]      See for example, Jillian Grayson et al, Information to assist Torres Strait Islanders manage their traditional fisheries for dugongs and green turtles, Final project report prepared for the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, May 2006, p. 6. The report noted that there was inadequate data on catch rates of dugongs and turtles, on the geographic ranges of stocks and population sizes in Torres Strait. The UNEP report on dugongs noted that 'current estimates of dugong populations and harvest suggest that the present level of dugong harvesting may not be sustainable in Torres Strait'. Helene Marsh et al, Dugong, Status Report and Action Plans for Countries and Territories, UNEP, UNEP/DEWA/RS.02-1, p. 119. See also Helene Marsh et al, Condition trends and projected futures of marine species of conservation concern, Final Report, MTSRF Project 1.4.1. August 2007, p. 20 and Torres Strait Scientific Advisory Committee, Strategic Research Plan for Torres Strait Fisheries, July 2009, p.15.

[20]      Torres Strait Turtle and Dugong Fisheries Assessment Report, Prepared by the Australian Fisheries Management Authority on behalf of the Torres Strait Protected Zone Joint Authority, January 2007, p. vii. http://www.pzja.gov.au/notices/notices/2007/Final_TandD_Report.pdf (accessed 7 June 2010).

[21]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 35–6.

[22]      See for example, Helene Marsh et al, Dugong, Status Report and Action Plans for Countries and Territories, UNEP, UNEP/DEWA/RS.02-1, p. 115.

[23]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 35.

[24]      Torres Strait Turtle and Dugong Fisheries Assessment Report, Prepared by the Australian Fisheries Management Authority on behalf of the Torres Strait Protected Zone Joint Authority, January 2007, pp. viii and xv, http://www.pzja.gov.au/notices/notices/2007/Final_TandD_Report.pdf (accessed 7 June 2010). A United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) report on dugongs noted that the status of the animal in the Torres Strait region was unknown.

[25]      Helene Marsh et al, Condition, status and trends and projected futures of the dugong in the Northern Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Commonwealth Environment Research Facilities, Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility, James Cook University, April 2008, p. 11. See also, Torres Strait Scientific Advisory Committee, Torres Strait Strategic Marine Research Plan 2005–2010, Draft, pp. 10–11.

[26]      Helene Marsh et al, Condition, status and trends and projected futures of the dugong in the Northern Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Commonwealth Environment Research Facilities, Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility, James Cook University, April 2008, pp. 11 and 13.

[27]      Helene Marsh et al, Condition, status and trends and projected futures of the dugong in the Northern Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Commonwealth Environment Research Facilities, Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility, James Cook University, April 2008, p. vi. As noted earlier, it urged caution in using the results of its time series aerial surveys of Torres Strait citing problems such as difficulty detecting trends in the abundance of marine mammals, the total area of dugong habitat not being surveyed and dugongs breeding at exceptionally small sizes/young ages which may be a sign that the population is declining, pp. 11 and 13.

[28]      Helene Marsh et al, Condition, status and trends and projected futures of the dugong in the Northern Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Commonwealth Environment Research Facilities, Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility, James Cook University, April 2008, pp. vi and 12.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 69.

[30]      Torres Strait Scientific Advisory Committee, Strategic Research Plan for Torres Strait Fisheries, July 2009, p. 16.

[31]      Torres Strait Torres Strait Turtle and Dugong Fisheries Assessment Report, Prepared by the Australian Fisheries Management Authority on behalf of the Torres Strait Protected Zone Joint Authority, January 2007, p. vii. http://www.pzja.gov.au/notices/notices/2007/Final_TandD_Report.pdf

[32]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 16.

[33]      See for example, Helene Marsh et al, Dugong, Status Report and Action Plans for Countries and Territories, UNEP, UNEP/DEWA/RS.02-1, p. 118.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 54.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 54.

[36]      Submission 30, p. 2. See also Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 48. Dr Hitchcock noted: '...people seek much of their livelihood from the seas in Torres Strait and there is obviously concern, particularly with species such as turtle and dugong. Many of these communities do not have a history of being gardening people. Of them, the Kiwai in particular only practiced it in a minimal way and have been largely focussed on the coast. Some of the peoples who have now moved to the coast have begun to hunt turtle and dugong. This is cause for concern'.

[37]      Submission 6, p. [1].

[38]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 4.

[39]      TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 4. See also TSRA, Submission 18, pp. 16–17; Mr Kevin Murphy, Submission 15, p. 7 and Helene Marsh et al, Dugong, Status Report and Action Plans for Countries and Territories, UNEP, UNEP/DEWA/RS.02-1, p. 119.

[40]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 16.

[41]      TSRA, Submission 18, pp. 16–17. The Land and Sea Management Unit has overall responsibility for co-ordinating the Turtle and Dugong Program in the Torres Strait.

[42]      Submission 15, p. 7.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 35.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 34.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 34.

[46]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 34.

[47]      TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 4.

[48]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 5.

[49]      Torres Strait Scientific Advisory Committee, Strategic Research Plan for Torres Strait Fisheries, July 2009, p. 17.

[50]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 17.

[51]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 37.

[52]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 36–37 and TSRA, Submission 18, p. 17.

[53]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 36–37.

[54]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 37.

[55]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 17.

[56]      Professor Hurry, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 53.

[57]      Information conveyed during committee's tour of detention centre on Horn Island for illegal fishers.

[58]      Australian Human Rights Commission, 'Case Study 1 Climate change and the human rights of Torres Strait Islanders', Native Title Report 2008, p. 231, http://www.hreoc.gov.au/social_justice/nt_eport.ntreport08/index.html (accessed 5 November 2009).

[59]      Submission 18, pp. 25–26.

[60]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 33.

[61]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 40.

[62]      See for example, Convention on Migratory Species, 'Migratory Marine Species: Strategic considerations for 2009–11 and beyond', prepared by the CMS Secretariat, Ninth meeting of the Conference of the Parties, UNEP/CMS/Conf.9.26, 10 October 2008, p. 4.

[63]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 35.

[64]      See for example, Convention on Migratory Species, 'Migratory Marine Species: Strategic considerations for 2009–11 and beyond', prepared by the CMS Secretariat, Ninth meeting of the Conference of the Parties, UNEP/CMS/Conf.9.26, 10 October 2008, p. 4.

[65]      Helene Marsh et al, Condition, status and trends and projected futures of the dugong in the Northern Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Commonwealth Environment Research Facilities, Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility, 2008, pp. v and 11.

Chapter 10 - Conservation—meeting the challenges

[1]        Guidelines for Traditional Visitors, DFAT, answer to question on notice, 18 December 2009.

[2]        Guidelines for Traditional Visitors, DFAT, answer to question on notice, 18 December 2009.

[3]        Torres Strait Turtle and Dugong Fisheries Assessment Report, January 2007, p. xv.

[4]        Helene Marsh et al, Condition, status and trends and projected futures of the dugong in the Northern Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Commonwealth Environment Research Facilities, Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility, James Cook University, April 2008, p. 14.

[5]        Helene Marsh et al, Condition, status and trends and projected futures of the dugong in the Northern Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Commonwealth Environment Research Facilities, Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility, James Cook University, April 2008, pp. vii and 14.

[6]        Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council, Sustainable Harvest of Marine Turtles and Dugongs in Australia—A National Partnership Approach, 2005.

[7]        Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 54.

[8]        Its objectives include: promoting a co-operative approach to the protection and management of the environment involving governments, the community, land-holders and indigenous peoples; recognising the role of Indigenous people in the conservation and ecologically sustainable use of Australia’s biodiversity; and promoting the use of Indigenous peoples’ knowledge of biodiversity with the involvement of, and in co-operation with, the owners of the knowledge. See section 3 of the Act.

[9]        These plans were circulated to key government and research entities for feedback on plan content, for endorsement and for support for the implementation of recommended management tools. DEWHA, Submission 24, p. [4].

[10]      Submission 18, p. 17. See also Submission 24, pp. [4–5].

[11]      Submission 18, p. 16.

[12]      Torres Strait Fisheries Management Advisory Committee, Meeting no 11, 11–12 November 2009, Agenda items no. 3.1 and 3.2.

[13]      Submission 24, p. [5].

[14]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 68.

[15]      Torres Strait Fisheries Management Advisory Committee, Meeting no 11, 11–12 November 2009, Agenda item no. 3.1. According to TSRA, community rangers were due to be employed in eight communities as of early 2010. Submission 18, p. 16.

[16]      Submission 24, p. [2].

[17]      Submission 18, p. 18.

[18]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 7.

[19]      Submission 24, p. [4].

[20]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 48.

[21]      Submission 18, p. 17.

[22]      Submission 18, p. 17.

[23]      Submission 18, p. 24.

[24]      Submission 18, p. 18.

[25]      Submission 18, pp. 16–17.

[26]      Torres Strait Fisheries Management Advisory Committee, Meeting no 11, 11-12 November 2009, Agenda item no. 3.1.

[27]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 18. The assessment was conducted in accordance with the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBCA).

[28]      See David Roe, Marine Turtle and Dugong Awareness Program for Western Province, Papua New Guinea: Outcomes of Development Workshop, 10 June 2010, Daru.

[29]      Submission 24, p. [3].

[30]      Submission 18, p. 17.

[31]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 7.

[32]      TSRA, Submission 18. See recommendation 5.

[33]      See for example, Jillian Grayson et al, Information to assist Torres Strait Islanders manage their traditional fisheries for dugongs and green turtles, Final project report prepared for the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, May 2006, p. 6.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 68.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 69.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 69.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 59.

[38]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 35.

[39]      Jillian Grayson, Helene Marsh and Mark Hamann, Information to assist Torres Strait Islanders manage their traditional fisheries for dugongs and green turtles, Final project report for the Ocean Conservation Foundation, May 2006, p. 9.

[40]      Dr Andy Sheppard, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 32.

[41]      Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility, Annual Research Plan 2009–2010, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts updated December 2009, pp. iv and 60–95.

[42]      Torres Strait Turtle and Dugong Fisheries Assessment Report, prepared by the Australian Fisheries Management Authority on behalf of the Torres Strait Protected Zone Joint Authority, January 2007, p. vi. http://www.pzja.gov.au/notices/notices/2007/Final_TandD_Report.pdf p. vi.

[43]      See for example, Torres Strait Hand Collectable Fisheries Working Group no. 2, Minutes, 17–18 July 2008, item 2.1. During a 2008 meeting, the Torres Strait Hand Collectable Fisheries Working Group agreed that 'it was essential that Traditional Owners be involved in a meaningful way in the research process'.

[44]      Torres Strait Hand Collectable Fisheries Working Group, Meeting no. 3, Minutes, 5–6 August 2009, item 2.1.

[45]      For example, during a 2008 meeting of the Torres Strait Hand Collectable Fisheries Working Group, Mr Skewes stated that it was time to have better 'community input with Western science and management practices' and that this approach was 'the only way forward for Torres Strait fisheries'. Torres Strait Hand Collectable Fisheries Working Group no. 2, Minutes, 17–18 July 2008, item 2.1. See also comments by Mr Skewes in Torres Strait Hand Collectable Fisheries Working Group, Draft Record of Meeting, No. 1, 9–10 October 2007, item 3.1.and 2.4; and Annabel Jones, AFMA, Torres Strait Hand Collectable Fisheries Working Group no. 2, Minutes, 17–18 July 2008, item 2.1.

[46]      Tim Skewes et al, Torres Strait Hand Collectables, 2009 survey: Sea Cucumber, CSIRO, Cleveland, 2010, pp. 6 and 9 and Tim Skewes and N.E. Murphy, Torres Strait Hand Collectables: Warrior Reef Sandfish survey, CSIRO, Cleveland, 2009, p. 4.

[47]      Torres Strait Scientific Advisory Committee, Meeting no. 52, 16 June 2010, Chair's Summary, p. 3. Torres Strait Hand Collectable Fisheries Working Group, Meeting No. 4, 27–28 July 2010, Agenda items 2.1 for noting and 2.2 for discussion.

[48]      Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility, Press release, 'Delivering for the Torres Strait', 7 October 2009, http://www.rrrc.org.au/mediadirectory/downloads/deliveringfortorresstrait.pdf (accessed 16 March 2010).

[49]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 35.

[50]      Information provided to the committee during its inspection of the Regiment's facilities on Thursday Island. See also Department of Defence website, http://www.defence.gov.au/army/51fnqr/Outstations1.asp (accessed 7 June 2010). The website explained that 'As the only part of Australia where the neighbouring country is visible from the shoreline, the Company has inherited a strategic focus in which we often work with agencies from the State and Commonwealth Governments.'

[51]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 34.

[52]      DEWHA, Answer to question taken on notice, 18 June 2010.

[53]      DEWHA, website, Lists of grants let by the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, August 2010.

[54]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 32–3.

[55]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 36.

[56]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 36–37.

[57]      Torres Strait Scientific Advisory Committee, Meeting no. 52, 16 June 2010, Chair's Summary, p. 4.

[58]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 38.

[59]      See David Roe, Marine Turtle and Dugong Awareness Program for Western Province, Papua New Guinea: Outcomes of Development Workshop, 10 June 2010, Daru, p. 8.

[60]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 54.

[61]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 72–73.

[62]      Professor Hurry, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 54.

[63]      The Group noted in July 2010 that AFMA conducted regular surface patrols in the Warrior Reef area and would 'continue to monitor fishing activity on PNG's side of the Fisheries Jurisdiction Line'. Torres Strait Hand Collectable Working Group, Meeting 4, 27–28 July 2010, Agenda item 4.1 for noting.

[64]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 72.

[65]      See Attachment 5.3A to Torres Strait Hand Collectable Working Group, Meeting 4, 27–28 July 2010. It noted that three PNG vessels were apprehended in 2006–07, fifteen in 2007–08, and nine in 2008–09; of these nine apprehensions, eight occurred on or in proximity to Warrior Reef.

Chapter 11 - Biosecurity

[1]        Roger Beale et al, One Biosecurity: A working partnership, The Independent Review of Australia's Quarantine and Biosecurity Arrangements', Report to the Australian Government, Commonwealth of Australia, 2008, p. xv.

[2]        Roger Beale et al, One Biosecurity: A working partnership, The Independent Review of Australia's Quarantine and Biosecurity Arrangements', Report to the Australian Government, Commonwealth of Australia, 30 September 2008, p. ix.

[3]        See for example, Mr Tim Chapman, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 62.

[4]        Dr Andrew Carroll, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 63.

[5]        Mr Tim Chapman, DAFF, explained, 'The potential pathway of those going to the Torres Strait islands and then moving slowly southwards towards the mainland can be caused by a couple of factors. One is that humans carry them as they move...' Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 62. See also Dr Carroll, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 63.

[6]        Animal Health Australia, 'About Screw Worm Fly, http://www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au/programs/drm/swf/screw-worm-fly-and-australia.cfm and http://www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au/programs/drm/swf/about-screw-worm-fly.cfm (accessed 14 June 2010).

[7]        Veronica Boero Rodriguez and Bo Raphael, Review of the Old World Screw Worm Fly trapping program conducted by AQIS in the Torres Strait, Bureau of Rural Sciences, July 2008, p. 16. http://www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au/shadomx/apps/fms/fmsdownload.cfm?file_uuid=2FE8B761-C7F7-918D-4DA1-C435A5FE2F9E&siteName=aahc  (accessed 14 June 2010).

[8]        Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan (AUSVETPLAN), 'Disease strategy: Screw-worm fly (Version 3.0)', Canberra, 2007, Appendix 5.

[9]        Dr Carroll, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 63.

[10]      See pamphlets on AQIS website, http://www.daff.gov.au/data_/assets/pdf_file/0017/120761/naqs_topwatch.pdf  (accessed 14 June 2010).

[11]      Tom Kompas and Nhu Che, 'A Practical Optimal Surveillance Measure: The Case of Papaya Fruit Fly in Australia', Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics, Canberra, 2009, p. 14.

[12]      Tom Kompas and Nhu Che, 'A Practical Optimal Surveillance Measure: The Case of Papaya Fruit Fly in Australia', Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics, Canberra, 2009, p. 7.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 50.

[14]      Heath Stafford and Richard C. Willan, Is it a Pest? Introduced and naturalised marine animal species of Torres Strait Northern Australia, CRC Torres Strait and Queensland Government, 2007, pp. 10, 12, 16, 18 and 20.

[15]      DAFF's website, http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/790785/illegal-fishing-vessels.pdf (accessed 12 January 2010).

[16]      Queensland Health, Dengue Fever, Management Plan for North Queensland 2005–2010, Queensland Government,  p. 16.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 63.

[18]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF), Submission 13, p. 4.

[19]      Mr Chapman, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 63.

[20]      This view is based on a statement by Dr Rohan Clarke, a research fellow in the School of Life and Environmental Sciences in Deakin University, Media Release, 'Deakin University research maps bird flu pathways to Australia', 8 September 2008, http://www.deakin.edu.au/news/upload/080908avianmalaria.pdf (accessed 21 January 2010).

[21]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 41.

[22]      Dr Sheppard, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 33.

[23]      Dr Sheppard, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 33 and 40.

[24]      Submission 11, attachment A, paragraph 3.2.

[25]      Margie Beilharz, 'Climate change raises the disease threat', Science Alert, 18 December 2008 and Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 33.

[26]      Professor John Mackenzie, Professor of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, ' Emerging viral diseases: what are the threats and how should we respond?', Safeguarding Australia 2007–2008, Public Lectures, 4 September 2007.

[27]      Centre for Disease Control, Northern Territory, Japanese Encephalitis, web site.

[28]      Professor John Mackenzie, Professor of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, ' Emerging viral diseases: what are the threats and how should we respond?', Safeguarding Australia 2007–2008, Public Lectures, Australian Academy of Science, 4 September 2007.

[29]      Professor John Mackenzie, Professor of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, ' Emerging viral diseases: what are the threats and how should we respond?', Safeguarding Australia 2007–2008, Public Lectures, Australian Academy of Science, 4 September 2007.

[30]      Fiona Sinclair, 'Pest and Vector Control: Badu, Torres Strait Australia', Journal of Rural and Tropical Health, vol. 5, 2006, pp. 59–69.

[31]      Established in 1989 to address the unique quarantine risks in this northern region, NAQS conducts surveys along Australia's northern coastline and neighbouring countries for early signs of new pests or disease. DAFF website, http://www.daff.gov.au/aqis/quarantine/naqs (accessed 21 January 2010).

[32]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 63.

[33]      Animal Health Australia, Media Release, 'The other Border Security', 20 November 2004.

[34]      Tom Kompas and Nhu Che, 'A Practical Optimal Surveillance Measure: The Case of Papaya Fruit Fly in Australia', Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics, Canberra, 2009, pp. 13–14 and 23.

[35]      Animal Health Australia, Media Release, 'The other Border Security', 20 November 2004.

[36]      For information on the range of biosecurity threats to northern Australia see for example, Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy, Quarantine Pocket Guide, DAFF, 2005 and J.F.Grimshaw et al, 'The value of early detection and internal quarantine boundaries in the management of incursions: some examples in plant protection from northern Australia and Papua New Guinea', ACIAR Technical Reports No. 62, Canberra, 2006

[37]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 64.

[38]      Submission 30, p. 1.

[39]      See also observations made by J.F.Grimshaw et al, 'The value of early detection and internal quarantine boundaries in the management of incursions: some examples in plant protection from northern Australia and Papua New Guinea', ACIAR Technical Reports No. 62, Canberra, 2006, p. 154. They noted the large-scale movement of people along the Indonesian archipelago, particularly to Papua (formerly Irian Jaya) which 'was changing the pest, weed, and disease spectrum on that land mass'.

[40]      Roger Beale et al, One Biosecurity: A working partnership, The Independent Review of Australia's Quarantine and Biosecurity Arrangements', Report to the Australian Government, Commonwealth of Australia, 2008, p. 3.

[41]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 40.

[42]      Dr Sheppard, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 34.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 38.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 33.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 38–39.

[46]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 33–34, 38.

[47]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 37.

[48]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 38.

[49]      Veronica Boero Rodriguez and Bo Raphael, Review of the Old World Screw Worm Fly trapping program conducted by AQIS in the Torres Strait, Bureau of Rural Sciences, July 2008, p. 13.

Chapter 12 - Strengthening Australia's biosecurity

[1]        Article 14.

[2]        ABARE, Media release, 'Enhancing biosecurity through risk-based intervention', 2 March 2010, http://www.abareconomics.com/corporate/media/2010_releases/ol_2mar_2_10.html (accessed 15 May 2010).

[3]        Veronica Boero Rodriguez and Bo Raphael, Review of the Old World Screw Worm Fly trapping program conducted by AQIS in the Torres Strait, Bureau of Rural Sciences, July 2008, p. 31.

[4]        Dr Carroll, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 63 and DAFF, Submission 13, p. 9.

[5]        DAFF, Submission 13, p. 9.

[6]        Daff, Submission 13, p. 9; Animal Health Australia, Animal Health in Australia, 2008, 2009, p. 73, http://www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au/shadomx/apps/fms/fmsdownload.cfm?file_uuid=518AA619-046C-2E4B-55AE-DED5E23F1F8A&siteName=aahc (accessed 4March 2010).

[7]        Animal Health Australia, Animal Health in Australia, 2008, 2009, p.72, http://www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au/shadomx/apps/fms/fmsdownload.cfm?file_uuid=518AA619-046C-2E4B-55AE-DED5E23F1F8A&siteName=aahc (accessed 4March 2010).

[8]        Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 64.

[9]        Submission 13, p. 9.

[10]      See in particular, Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Australia's public diplomacy: building our image, August 2007, Chapter 7.  

[11]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 63.

[12]      Animal Health in Australia (2010), Animal Health in Australia 2009, Canberra, Australia, p. 107.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 64.

[14]      Mr Paul Morris, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 49–50.

[15]      DAFF, Submission 13, p. 8.

[16]      DAFF, Submission 13, pp. 8–9.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 64. The committee discussed the Strongim Gavman Program in detail in its report, Economic Challenges facing Papua New Guinea and the island states of the southwest Pacific, November 2009, pp. 236–9.

[18]      DAFF, Submission 13, pp. 10–11.

[19]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 8.

[20]      Professor John Mackenzie, Professor of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, 'Emerging viral diseases: what are the threats and how should we respond?', Safeguarding Australia 2007–2008, Public Lectures, Australian Academy of Science, 4 September 2007.

[21]      Professor John Mackenzie, Professor of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, 'Emerging viral diseases: what are the threats and how should we respond?', Safeguarding Australia 2007–2008, Public Lectures, Australian Academy of Science, 4 September 2007. ACIAR is a statutory authority that operates as part of the Australian Government's development cooperation programs. ACIAR's website, http://aciar.gov.au/

[22]      Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Economic Challenges facing Papua New Guinea and the island states of the southwest Pacific, November 2009, chapter 6.

[23]      Article 16(c).

[24]      See also Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 14, p. 6.

[25]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 63.DAFF website, http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/790805/special-laws-torres-strait.pdf (accessed 12 January 2010). The image copied courtesy of DAFF.

[26]      Australian Government, Protect our island homes, Vital quarantine information, DAFF, p. 13, http://www.daff.gov.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0017/120761/naqs_topwatch.pdf

[27]      House of Representatives, Standing Committee on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs, Reference: Community stores in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2009, p. 7.

[28]       Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 52. See http://www.daff.gov.au/aqis/about/public-awareness/top-watch/posters (accessed 12 January 2010).

[29]      Committee Hansard, 12 December 2009, p. 12.

[30]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Submission 23, p. 8.

[31]      Mr Jeremy Bruer, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 9.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 12.

[33]      Mr Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 14.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 12.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 12.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 52.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 50–1

[38]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 50–51 and Mr Paul Morris, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 49.

[39]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Annual Report 2008–09, 'Managing pest and disease', 1.4.

[40]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 16, p. 7.

[41]      Mr Chapman, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 62.

[42]      Mr Chapman, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 52.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2010, pp. 51–2.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 51.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 51.

[46]      Mr Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 18.

[47]      Information conveyed to committee during meeting on Saibai, 23 March 2010.

[48]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 34.

[49]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 34.

[50]      DAFF, Submission 13, p. 19.

[51]      Animal Health Australia, Animal Health Australia 2009, Canberra, 2010, p. 62.

[52]      Australian Customs Service, Annual Report 2006–07, Australian Government, p. 121.

[53]      Customs and Border Protection Service, Annual Report 2008–09, Australian Government, p. 62.

[54]      Tom Kompas, ANU, 'The Economics of Biosecurity: Risk, Returns, Quarantine and Surveillance', Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics, National Outlook Conference, 2010, http://www.abare.gov.au/outlook/_download/bio_kompas.ppt (accessed 4 August 2010)

[55]      Tom Kompas and Nhu Che, 'A Practical Optimal Surveillance Measure: The Case of Papaya Fruit Fly in Australia', Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics, Canberra, 2009, p. 14.

[56]      Tom Kompas and Nhu Che, 'A Practical Optimal Surveillance Measure: The Case of Papaya Fruit Fly in Australia', Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics, Canberra, 2009, p. 7.

[57]      Tom Kompas and Nhu Che, 'A Practical Optimal Surveillance Measure: The Case of Papaya Fruit Fly in Australia', Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics, Canberra, 2009, p. 23.

[58]      Mr Chapman, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 50–51.

[59]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 63.

[60]      Animal Health in Australia, Animal Health in Australia 2009, Canberra, 2010, Australia, p. 62.

[61]      Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan (AUSVETPLAN), 'Disease strategy: Screw-worm fly (Version 3.0)', Canberra, 2007, p. 45.

[62]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 63.

[63]      Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan (AUSVETPLAN), 'Disease strategy: Screw-worm fly (Version 3.0)', Canberra, 2007, p. 18.

[64]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 40.

[65]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 8.

[66]      DAFF, Annual Report 2008–09, 'Managing pest and disease risk', 1.4, and Animal Health Australia, Animal Health in Australia, 2008, 2009, p. 62, http://www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au/shadomx/apps/fms/fmsdownload.cfm?file_uuid=518AA619-046C-2E4B-55AE-DED5E23F1F8A&siteName=aahc (accessed 4 March 2010).

[67]      The committee referred to this report in paragraph 11.1.

[68]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 8.

[69]      Animal Health Australia, Animal Health Australia, 2009, Canberra, 2010, p. 62.

[70]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 8.

[71]      Animal Health Australia, Animal Health in Australia, 2008, Canberra, 2009, p. 61. http://www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au/shadomx/apps/fms/fmsdownload.cfm?file_uuid=518AA619-046C-2E4B-55AE-DED5E23F1F8A&siteName=aahc (accessed 4 March 2010).

[72]      See Fiona Sinclair, 'Pest and Vector Control: Badu, Torres Strait Australia', Journal of Rural and Tropical Public Health, vol. 5,Centre for Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, p. 65.

[73]      Veronica Boero Rodriguez and Bo Raphael, Review of the Old World Screw Worm Fly trapping program conducted by AQIS in the Torres Strait, Bureau of Rural Sciences, July 2008, p. 23.

[74]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 42.

[75]      TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 4.

[76]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 40.

[77]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 40.

[78]      See also Margie Beilharz, 'Climate change raises the disease heat', Science Alert, 18 December 2008, http://www.sciencealert.com.au/features/20081812-18603.html (accessed 21 January 2010). National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, National Adaptation Research Plan (Human Health), Consultation Draft, 28 November 2008, p. 22.

[79]      Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government, answer to question on notice,17 December 2009, no. 1.

[80]      See for example, 'Compulsory Pilotage in the Torres Strait', Maritime Studies, March/April 2007, Canberra. See also International Maritime Organization, Sub-committee on Safety of Navigation, 'Routeing of Ships, Ship Reporting and Related Matters', Results of a safety navigation assessment conducted for the Torres Strait, Submitted by Australia, Annex 2, NAV 50/INF.2, 2 April 2004, p. 1.

[81]      The IMO defines a PSSA as an area that 'needs special protection through action by IMO because of its significance for recognized ecological, socio-economic, or scientific attributes where such attributes may be vulnerable to damage by international shipping activities'. IMO A 24/Res.982, 6 February 2006.

[82]      IMO, Resolution MEPC 53/24/Add.2, adopted 22 July 2005.

[83]      Marine Environment Protection Committee, 49th session Agenda item 8, 'Identification and Protection of Special Areas and Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas- Extension of Existing Great Barrier Reef PSSA to include the Torres Strait Region, Submitted by Australia and Papua New Guinea, MEPC 49/8, 10 April 2003.

[84]      Marine Environment Protection Committee, 49th session Agenda item 8, Submitted by Australia and Papua New Guinea, MEPC 49/8, 10 April 2003. The IMO approved the extension of the Great Barrier Reef PSSA to the Torres Strait, p. 15.

[85]      Sub-Committee on Safety of Navigation, 50th session, Agenda item 3, Routeing of Ships, Ship Reporting and Related Matters–Results of a safety of navigation assessment conducted for the Torres Strait, submitted by Australia, NAV 50/INF.2, 2 April 2004.

[86]      United Nations General Assembly, 'General Assembly Reaffirms Importance of Long-term Sustainability of Marine Resources', Adopting 13-Part Consensus Text, GAO/10681, 18 December 2007.

[87]      United Nations, General Assembly, A/62/PV.65, 10 December 2007, p. 22.

[88]      International Chamber of Shipping and International Shipping Federation, 'Towards a future maritime policy for the Union: A European vision for cleaner seas and clearer oceans', Preliminary comments on European Commission 'Green Paper', COM(2006)275FINAL, 7 June 2007, pp.19–20.

[89]      United Nations General Assembly, Report of the Secretary-General, 'Oceans and the law of the Sea', A/63/63, 10 March 2008.

[90]      United Nations General Assembly, GAO/10793, 4 December 2008.

[91]      Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government Portfolio, Budget Portfolio Budget Statements 2010–11, Budget Related Paper No. 1.14, p. 112.

[92]      Torres Strait Regional Authority, 2008 Press Releases, 'Torres Strait Regional Authority Supports Indefinite Extension of the Torres Strait Mining Moratorium', 25 February 2008, http://www.tsra.gov.au/media-centre/press-releases/2008-press-releases/torres-strait-mining-moratorium.aspx (accessed 24 May 2010). Also, the Hon Stephen Smith MP, Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs, 'Extension of the Torres Strait Mining Moratorium', 12 February 2008, http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2008/fa-s033_08.html (accessed 24 May 2010).

[93]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 36.

Chapter 13 - Border Protection

[1]        Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 3.

[2]        Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Annual Report 2008–09, p. 58. See also Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Portfolio Budget Statement, 2010, p. 134.

[3]        Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 14, p. 2.

[4]        Mr Kerlin, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 34.

[5]        See for example, TSRA, Submission 18, p. 11, footnote 5.

[6]        Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 57.

[7]        Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 61.

[8]        Australian Federal Police (AFP), Submission 25, p. 1.

[9]        House of Representatives, Hansard, 17 February 2005, p. 5. In 2006, the Secretary of DIMA also drew attention of the dramatic increase over the past five years of illegal fishing in Australia's northern waters. Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Secretary's Review, Annual Report 2005–06.

[10]      TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 2.

[11]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 58.

[12]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 56.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 39.

[14]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 8.

[15]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 56.

[16]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Portfolio Budget Statement, 2010, p. 115.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 58.

[18]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 58.

[19]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 39.

[20]      John Kerlin, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 40, 43.

[21]      Mr Stephen Allen, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 14.

[22]      Customs, Submission 14, p. 8.

[23]      Customs, Submission 14, p. 8.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 43.

[25]      AFP, Submission 25, p. 2.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 55–6.

[27]      AFP, Submission 25, p. 2.

[28]      Australian Federal Police, answer to question taken on notice, 18 December 2009.

[29]      Australian Federal Police, answer to question taken on notice, 18 December 2009.

[30]      Michael Pezzullo, 'The role of the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service in securing Australia's borders: working with partners across traditional boundaries on border risks'. Australian Financial Review Defence Conference 2009, 23 September 2009, p. 5.

[31]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 16.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 44.

[33]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 44.

[34]      Marion Grant, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 43.

[35]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 7.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 16.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 43.

[38]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 15.

[39]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 15.

[40]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 15.

[41]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 43.

[42]      Department of Defence, answer to question on notice no. 3, 18 December 2009.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 48.

[44]      Australian Federal Police, answer to question on notice taken on 18 December 2009.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 14.

[46]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, pp. 14–15.

[47]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Annual Report 2008–2009, p. 58; Attorney-General's Portfolio, Portfolio Budget Statements 2009–10, pp. 111–112; Attorney-General's Portfolio, Portfolio Budget Statements 2010–11, pp. 115–116.

[48]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 36.

[49]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 31.

[50]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 14, pp. 8–9.

[51]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 55.

[52]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 14, pp. 3 and 8.

[53]      Committee Hansard, 17 September 2009, p. 35.

[54]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 14, p. 6.

[55]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 47.

[56]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 47.

[57]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 57.

[58]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 56–7.

[59]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 56.

[60]      AFP, Additional information provided to the committee, 1 April 2010.

[61]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 55.

[62]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 14, p. 3 and Mr Kerlin, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 40.

[63]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 40.

[64]      Committee Hansard 17 December 2009, p. 34.

[65]      Mrs Grant, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 40–41.

[66]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 36.

[67]      Attorney-General's Portfolio, Portfolio Budget Statement, 2010–11, p. 116.

[68]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 37.

[69]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 42.

[70]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 31.

[71]      Attorney-General's Portfolio, Portfolio Budget Statements 2009–10, p. 131; Attorney-General's Portfolio, Portfolio Budget Statements 2010–11, p. 134; Customs website, 'About customs and border protection', 'Australian Customs Service, Protecting our borders,  http://www.customs.gov.au/site/page4222.asp (accessed 27 May 2010).

[72]      Michael Pezzullo, 'The role of the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service in securing Australia's borders: working with partners across traditional boundaries on border risks', Australian Financial Review Defence Conference 2009, 23 September 2009, p. 9.

[73]      Mr Lachlan Colquhoun, Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 49–50.

[74]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 50.

[75]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 14, p. 4.

[76]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 36.

[77]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 32, 36 and 41.

[78]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 47–8.

[79]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Annual Report 2008–2009, p. 63.

[80]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Annual Report 2008–2009, p. 62.

[81]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 46. ANAO's performance audit, Illegal Foreign Fishing in Australia's Northern Waters, also commented on the success that 'additional funding on increased detection, apprehension and destruction of FFVs' [foreign fishing vessels] had in producing a substantial reduction in FFV apprehensions in northern waters. Australian National Audit Office, Illegal Foreign Fishing in Australia's Northern Waters, Audit Report No. 23, 2009–2010, Performance Audit, p. 15. It stated that in northern waters there had been 367 apprehension in 2005–06; 216 in 2006–07; 156 in 2007–08 and 27 in 2008–09.

[82]      Attorney-General's Department, Portfolio Budget Statement, 2010, p. 116.

[83]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 51.

[84]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 39.

[85]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 46.

[86]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 46.

[87]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 15.

[88]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 15.

[89]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 15.

[90]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 15.

[91]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 38.

[92]      Department of Defence, answer to question on notice no. 5, taken on 18 December 2009.

[93]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 35.

[94]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 34–5.

[95]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 8.

[96]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 56–7.

[97]      See for example statement attributable to Rear-Admiral Allan du Toit, in Helmoed Römer Heitman, 'Joining to Protect: Australia's Border Protection Command', Naval Forces, vol. 30, no. 6, 2009, p. 16.

[98]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 56 and Australian Federal Police, additional information to evidence given on 18 December 2009.

[99]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 3 and 14.

[100]    See comments by Dr Lawrence and Dr Hitchcock, Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010,
pp. 51–52.

[101]    Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 49.

[102]    Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 48.

[103]    Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 47.

[104]    Address by the Prime Minister of Australia, The Hon Kevin Rudd MP, 'The First National Security Statement to the Parliament', 4 December 2008, http://www.pm.gov.au/node/5424 now located at http://pmrudd.archive.dpmc.gov.au/node/5424

[105]    Address by the Prime Minister of Australia, The Hon Kevin Rudd MP, 'The First National Security Statement to the Parliament', 4 December 2008.

[106]    Address by the Prime Minister of Australia, The Hon Kevin Rudd MP, 'The First National Security Statement to the Parliament', 4 December 2008.

[107]    Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 33–34.

[108]    TSRA, Submission 18, p. 26.

[109]    TSRA, Submission 18, p. 26.

[110]    TSRA, Submission 18, pp. 25–26.

[111]    TSRA, Submission 18, p. 26.

[112]    ABC, 'Lateline', transcript, 'Torres Strait islands at risk from climate change, 7 December 2009, http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2008/s276521.htm  (accessed 21 December 2009).

Chapter 14 - Climate change

[1]        Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 33.

[2]        Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 33–34.

[3]        Australian Human Rights Commission, Native Title Report 2008¸ Case Study 1 'Climate change and the human rights of Torres Strait Islanders', p. 245, http://www.humanrights.gov.au/social_justice/nt_report/ntreport08/pdf/casestudy1.pdf (accessed 8 January 2010).

[4]        Australian Human Rights Commission, Native Title Report 2008¸ Case Study 1 'Climate change and the human rights of Torres Strait Islanders', p. 249, http://www.humanrights.gov.au/social_justice/nt_report/ntreport08/pdf/casestudy1.pdf (accessed 8 January 2010).

[5]        TSRA, Submission 18, p. 26.

[6]        TSRA, Submission 18, pp. 26–27.

[7]        Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 38–39.

[8]        Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 34

[9]        Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 39.

[10]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 34

[11]      Commonwealth of Australia, Climate Change Risks to Australia's Coast a First Pass National Assessment, Department of Climate Change, 2009, p. 126.

[12]      Commonwealth of Australia, Climate Change Risks to Australia's Coast a First Pass National Assessment, Department of Climate Change, 2009, p. 127.

[13]      Green D, S Jackson and J Morrison, Risks from Climate Change to Indigenous Communities in the Tropical North of Australia, Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, 2009, (released 5 May 2010), Canberra, p. 122.

[14]      Submission 18, p. 27.

[15]      Submission 18, p. 27.

[16]      Submission 18, p. 27.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 30.

[18]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 30.

[19]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 30.

[20]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 31.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, pp. 38–9.

[22]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 27.

[23]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Climate Change, Environment and the Arts, Managing our coastal zone in a changing climate, 2009, paragraph 3.168, p. 108.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 41.

[25]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 34.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 38.

[27]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 34.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 38.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 41–42.

[30]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 42.

[31]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 41.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 42.

[33]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 42.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 42–43.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 39.

[36]      Green D, S Jackson and J Morrison, Risks from Climate Change to Indigenous Communities in the Tropical North of Australia, Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, 2009, (released 5 May 2010), Canberra, pp.143–144.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 33–34.

[38]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 70.

Chapter 15 - Sustainable development and commercial enterprise

[1]        Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 9.

[2]        Submission 18, p. 23. See also Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 67.

[3]        Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 60. Mr Arlidge told the committee that the TRL industry was worth $12 million to $20 million for the entire Torres Strait including the Papua New Guinea side. Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 43.

[4]        Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 60.

[5]        Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 58.

[6]        Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 60.

[7]        Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 59.

[8]        Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 58.

[9]        Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 58.

[10]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 10.

[11]      See Article 23 of the Treaty.

[12]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 55.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 55.

[14]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 54–55.

[15]      Australian Government Performance Audit of Torres Strait Finfish Fishery Management, Office of Evaluation and Audit (Indigenous Programs), Department of Finance and Deregulation, December 2009, p. 51.

[16]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 54–55.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 54.

[18]      Australian Government Performance Audit of Torres Strait Finfish Fishery Management, Office of Evaluation and Audit (Indigenous Programs), Department of Finance and Deregulation, December 2009, paragraph 3.34, p. 51.

[19]      Torres Strait Management Advisory Committee, Meeting no. 11, Chair's Summary,
11–12 November 2009, p. 6.

[20]      Torres Strait Management Advisory Committee, Meeting no. 11, Chair's Summary,
11–12 November 2009, p. 6.

[21]      AFMA/QDPI&F/TSRA, Discussion Paper, 'Review of Torres Strait Protected Zone Joint Authority Fisheries Administration Arrangements', 22 June 2009, pp. 41–42.

[22]      Section 8, Torres Strait Fisheries Act 1984 (Cth). The Treaty has been incorporated into Australian law by the Torres Strait Fisheries Act 1984 (Cth) and the Torres Strait Fisheries Act 1984 (Qld) and into PNG law by the Fisheries (Torres Strait Protected Zone) Act 1984 (PNG). Submission 18, p. 6.

[23]      Australian Government, Fishery Status Reports 2008, Status of Fish stocks and Fisheries Managed by the Australian Government, Bureau of Rural Sciences, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, DAFF, p. 213.

[24]      Section 34, Torres Strait Fisheries Act 1984 (Cth).

[25]      Torres Strait Protected Zone Joint Authority, Annual report 2007–08, p. 14. PZJA website, http://www.pzja.gov.au/fisheries/default.htm (accessed 11 March 2010) and Mr Paul Morris, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 50.

[26]      PZJA website, http://www.pzja.gov.au/about_us/who.htm (accessed 18 October 2010).

[27]      See for example, Australian Government Performance Audit of Torres Strait Finfish Fishery Management, Office of Evaluation and Audit (Indigenous Programs), Department of Finance and Deregulation, December 2009, p. 18.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 57. See also PZJA website http://www.pzja.gov.au/about_us/who.htm (accessed 18 October 2010)

[29]      PZJA website http://www.pzja.gov.au/about_us/who.htm (accessed 18 October 2010) and Professor Hurry, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 57.

[30]      Mr Paul Morris, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 50.

[31]      Professor Hurry, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 57.

[32]      Mr Paul Morris, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 50.

[33]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 7.

[34]      See for example, TSRA Submission 18, p. 21.

[35]      TRSA website, 'Policy Coordination & Development, http://www.tsra.gov.au/the-tsra/policy-coordination--development.aspx and http://www.tsra.gov.au/the-torres-strait/issues/marine--fisheries.aspx, (accessed 18 February 2010). See also AFMA/QDPI&F/TSRA, Discussion Paper, 'Review of Torres Strait Protected Zone Joint Authority Fisheries Administration Arrangements', 22 June 2009, p. 23.

[36]      Submission 18, p. 21. According to AN AFMA/QDI&F/TSRA, Discussion Paper, 'As far as fisheries management is concerned, the TRSA sees itself as an enabler and facilitator of communication and information, but makes it plain that its first obligation is to the aspirations of traditional inhabitants.' AFMA/QDPI&F/TSRA, Discussion Paper, 'Review of Torres Strait Protected Zone Joint Authority Fisheries Administration Arrangements', 22 June 2009, p. 23.

[37]      Bill Arthur, Torres Strait Islanders and fisheries: an analysis of economic development programs, Australian Government, National Oceans Office, Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, Australian National University, June 2005, pp. 6–7.

[38]      AFMA/QDPI&F/TSRA, Discussion Paper, 'Review of Torres Strait Protected Zone Joint Authority Fisheries Administration Arrangements', 22 June 2009, p. 27.

[39]      AFMA/QDPI&F/TSRA, Discussion Paper, 'Review of Torres Strait Protected Zone Joint Authority Fisheries Administration Arrangements', 22 June 2009, p. 27.

[40]      Submission 20, p. 15 and  Queensland Government, answer to question on notice taken 25 March 2010. The Queensland Government noted its reference to '"the governance arrangements of the TSRA” should not be interpreted as a criticism of the TSRA. Rather, it is a factual statement that the collegiate decision-making process quite properly required by the TSRA is not consistent with a successful commercial operation'.

[41]      Queensland Government, answer to question on notice taken 25 March 2010. It noted that currently some 30 full time staff spread across 4 state and Commonwealth departments are engaged in the PZJA costing approximately $6.5 million for a comparatively small fishery.

[42]      Submission 20, p. 15.

[43]      Submission 7, p. [3].

[44]      Submission 7, p. [3].

[45]      Submission 10, p. 2.

[46]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 37.

[47]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 37.

[48]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 37.

[49]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 37.

[50]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 37.

[51]      AFMA/QDPI&F/TSRA, Discussion Paper, 'Review of Torres Strait Protected Zone Joint Authority Fisheries Administration Arrangements', 22 June 2009, p. 19.

[52]      Queensland Government, answer to question on notice taken 25 March 2010.

[53]      See for example, Submission 7, p. 3.

[54]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 46.

[55]      Submission 10, p. 2.

[56]      Submission 6, p. 2.

[57]      TSRA Submission 18, pp. 21–3. PZJA website http://www.pzja.gov.au/fisheries/default.htm (accessed 11 September 2010).

[58]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 45.

[59]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 44.

[60]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 44.

[61]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 45.

[62]      Submission 18, p. 22.

[63]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 47.

[64]      Submission 18, p. 22.

[65]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 8.

[66]      Submission 18, pp. 22–23.

[67]      Queensland Government, answer to question on notice taken 25 March 2010.

[68]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 8.

[69]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 60.

[70]      Submission 18, p. 23.

[71]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 7.

[72]      Queensland Government, answer to question taken on notice, 25 March 2010, p. 1.

[73]      Submission 6, p. 2.

[74]      Submission 7, p. 2.

[75]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 42.

[76]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 43.

[77]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 43.

[78]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 36.

[79]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 36.

[80]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, pp. 36–7. The restrictions involved the use of the number of tenders or the number of small boats that can be associated with a larger mother ship, which is around restrictions on closures associated with tides and phases of the moon.

[81]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 36.

[82]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 35.

[83]      Mr Stephen Oxley, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 67.

[84]      Queensland Government, answer to question on notice taken 25 March 2010.

[85]      Australian Government Performance Audit of Torres Strait Finfish Fishery Management, Office of Evaluation and Audit (Indigenous Programs), Department of Finance and Deregulation, December 2009, p. 8.

[86]      Submission 18, pp. 22–23.

[87]      Queensland Government, answer to question on notice, 25 March 2010.

[88]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 60.

[89]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 60.

Chapter 16 - Torres Strait Governance

[1]        Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 5.

[2]        Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 5.

[3]        Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 2.

[4]        Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 3.

[5]        Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 4.

[6]        Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 4.

[7]        Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 4.

[8]        Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 18.

[9]        Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 46.

[10]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, pp. 46–7.

[11]      Submission 13, p. 8.

[12]      Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 6.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 11–12.

[14]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 12.

[15]      Submission 23, pp. [8–9].

[16]      Senator the Hon John Faulkner, Minister for Defence to Senator Mark Bishop, correspondence received 21 April 2010.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 14.

[18]      TSRA, Submission 18, p. 28.

[19]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 14.

[20]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p.14.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 28.

[22]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 43.

[23]      Queensland Government, Torres Strait Community Government Review, Green Paper, October 2005, p. 6.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 5.

[25]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 5.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 10.

[27]      TSRA, Submission 18, Executive summary and p. 10.

[28]      Submission 18, Executive Summary.

[29]      Submission 18, p. 30.

[30]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 12.

[31]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 13.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 5.

[33]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 14.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 15.

[35]      DFAT website, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/torres_strait/brief.html

[36]      DAFT website, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/torres_strait/brief.html

[37]      Article 19(6).

[38]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 16.

[39]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 16.

[40]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 25.

[41]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 6.

[42]      Submission 9, p. 1; Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 2.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 2.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 9.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 10.

[46]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 33.

[47]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 6.

[48]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 6.

[49]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 5.

[50]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 6.

[51]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 6.

[52]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 3.

[53]      The meeting discussed the matter of the arrangements to facilitate the cross border movement of officials and health professionals. See The Hon Stephen Smith MP, Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Visit to Papua New Guinea', Joint media release, 8 July 2010, http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2010/fa-s100708a.html (accessed 24 august 2010).

Chapter 17 - Support for the Treaty

[1]        Submission 23, p. [5].

[2]        Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 3 and Submission 23, p. [5].

[3]        Mr William Campbell, Committee Hansard, 17 December 2009, p. 3 and Mr Wade Lewis, Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 2.

[4]        Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 8.

[5]        The Torres Strait Island Regional Council (TSIRC) similarly noted the drain on the communities' social welfare system because of PNG nationals access to services. It claimed that cross-border relationships are formed with the longer term aim to resettle families in Australia, which burdens Australian social welfare system, with PNG nationals accessing Centrelink, Austudy etc. TSIRC, Submission 9, pp. 2–3 and also Submission 2, p. 1. Kevin Murphy claimed that Torres Strait Islanders employ Papuans to undertake 'various menial and domestic tasks at the standard rate of $10 per day'. Submission 15, p. 5.

[6]        TSIRC, Submission 9, pp. 2–3. The TSIRC argued strongly for a designated entry and exit point that would allow those on the ground administering the treaty access to everybody. A submitter proposed that a thorough investigation needs to be carried out on all the islands to identify illegal Papua New Guineans and to make arrangements to 'either send them back or provide support for them and their families on Mainland Australia', Submission 2, name withheld, p. 2.

[7]        TSRA, Submission 18, p. 15.

[8]        TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 2.

[9]        DFAT, Submission 23, p. 5.

[10]      TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 2.

[11]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 2

[12]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 3.

[13]      As noted in numerous places in this report, local leaders have expressed concerns about the influx of people arriving from PNG, sometime under cover of darkness, creating a drain on scarce resources particularly water, causing wear and tear on infrastructure, giving rise to security concerns or placing their people at risk from infectious diseases.

[14]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 34.

[15]      TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 1

[16]      TSIRC, Submission 9, p. 4.

[17]      See Submission 18, covering letter and Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 5.

[18]      Submission 23, p. [5].

[19]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 12.

[20]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 9.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 10.

[22]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 10–11.

[23]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 10

[24]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 9.

[25]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, pp. 2–3.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 18 December 2009, p. 12.

[27]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 14.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 10.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, pp. 10–11.

[30]      Submission 18, covering letter.

[31]      Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 5.

Chapter 18 - Extent of Commonwealth responsibilities

[1]        Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 21.

[2]        Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 20-21.

[3]        Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p.19.

[4]        Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 20.

[5]        Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, pp. 19–20.

[6]        The Hon Jenny Macklin, Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, 'Horn Island airport upgrade', Joint Media Release q Anna Bligh MP, Queensland Premier, Jim Turnour MP , Member for Leichhardt, Jason O'Brien MP , Queensland Member for Cook, 17 December 2009, http://www.jennymacklin.fahcsia.gov.au/mediareleases/2009/Pages/default.aspx?Month=12 (accessed 4 March 2010).

[7]        Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 20.

[8]        Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p.26.

[9]        Committee Hansard, 24 March 2010, p. 26.

[10]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 43.

[11]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, pp. 43–44.

[12]      Submission 31. Mr Sawehame, Ulotrisi Clan Chief, Head of Sawehame Family, Masaingle.

[13]      Submission 4, paragraphs 8 and 36; Submission 8, paragraphs 24–30 and Submission 31.

[14]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp. 44–45.

[15]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 45.

[16]      Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 47.

[17]      Submission 8, p. [8]. Mr Sawabarri also appeared before the committee in his capacity as 'a Melanesian leader of his people and as the leader of the original people of the islands of the Torres Strait.'

[18]      Submission 8, pp. [1–2].

[19]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 56.

[20]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 6

[21]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 6.

[22]      Committee Hansard, 17 December 2010, p. 5.

[23]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 23.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 18 June 2010, p. 24.