Footnotes

Main findings and recommendations

[1]        Ms Jennifer McGregor, Asialink, Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 9.

[2]        See Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Opportunities and challenges: Australia's relationship with China, March 2006, pp. 274–5. Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade, Foreign Affairs Sub Committee, Near Neighbours—Good Neighbours, May 2004, Canberra, p. 147

Chapter 1 - Introduction and conduct of the inquiry

[1]        Report on Wilton Park Conference WPS06/21, Public Diplomacy: Key Challenges and Priorities, 12 March 2006.

[2]        CSIS, Reinventing Diplomacy in the Information Age, Final draft, 9 October 1998, p.12 of 135, http://dosfan.lib.uic/edu/usia/usiahome/pdforum/fulton.htm   (accessed 7 February 2007).

[3]        Mark Leonard with Catherine Stead and Conrad Smewing, Public Diplomacy, The Foreign Policy Centre, London, 2002, p. 95.

[4]        Jan Melissen, 'Public Diplomacy Between Theory and Practice', The Present and Future of Public Diplomacy, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 9 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007). Professor Jan Melissen is CDSP Director and Professor of Diplomacy at Antwerp University (Belgium). Professor Melissen is co-editor of the Hague Journal of Diplomacy and Managing Editor of the web-based Discussion Papers in Diplomacy. He has a wide-ranging research interest in contemporary diplomacy and published five books, including Innovation in Diplomatic Practice (Macmillan, 1999) and The New Public Diplomacy (Palgrave-Macmillan, 2005)

[5]        Jan Melissen, 'Public Diplomacy Between Theory and Practice', The Present and Future of Public Diplomacy, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 7 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007). See also Rainer Schlageter, 'German Public Diplomacy', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 21 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007) and Javier Noya, 'The United States and Europe: Convergence or Divergence in Public Diplomacy?', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 12 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007). Rainer Schlageter, Director of General Communication, Public Diplomacy and the Media, German Ministry of Foreign Affairs, noted that 'For many states Public Diplomacy has become an increasingly important tool in the ‘toolbox’ of foreign policy in pursuance of their interests'.  Javier Noya, Real Instituto Elcano, noted that 'the set of activities encompassed by public diplomacy is gaining significance in view of the role of public opinion in international politics'.

Chapter 2 - Defining 'Public Diplomacy'

[1]        Submission 27, p. 8.

[2]        Nicholas J. Cull, '"Public Diplomacy" before Gullion: The Evolution of a Phrase', USC Center on Public Diplomacy, http://uscpublicdiplomacy.com/pdfs/gullion.pdf (accessed 10 February 2007).

[3]        'What is Public Diplomacy?', The Edward R. Morrow Center of Public Diplomacy', http://fletcher.tufts.edu/murrow/public-diplomacy.html (accessed 12 January 2007).

[4]        'What is Public Diplomacy?', The Edward R. Morrow Center of Public Diplomacy', http://fletcher.tufts.edu/murrow/public-diplomacy.html (accessed 12 January 2007).

[5]        The Hon. Gareth Evans, 'Australia and Asia: role of public diplomacy', The Monthly Record, March 1990, p. 136.

[6]        See for example, Public Diplomacy Council, A Call for Action on Public Diplomacy, A Report of the Public Diplomacy Council, January 2005, p. 8.

[7]        Speech by H.E. Ambassador Mohamed Al-Orabi, the Ambassador of the Arab Republic of Egypt, 'The Role of Education in Diplomacy', New Year's reception hosted by the European Cultural Circle, Baden-Baden, Germany, 2003.

[8]        'What is Public Diplomacy?', Public Diplomacy Website, US Information Agency Alumni Association, http://www.publicdiplomacy.org/1.htm (accessed 12 January 2007).

[9]        See Jan Melissen, 'Public Diplomacy between Theory and Practice, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 8 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007) and Philip Fiske de Gouveia, Foreign Policy Centre, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 4 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[10]      See GAO, U.S. Public Diplomacy: State Department Expands Efforts but Faces Significant Challenges, September 2003, p. 4.

[11]      United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 2005, p. 2.

[12]      GAO, U.S. Public Diplomacy: State Department Efforts to Engage Muslim Audiences Lack Certain Communication Elements and Face Significant Challenges, May 2006, p. 5.

[13]      UK Government, 'Changing perceptions: Review of public diplomacy', March 2002, p. 12. The report was produced by a team of three people: Chris Wilton of the FCO, Jonathon Griffin of the British Tourist Authority and Britain Abroad and Andrew Fotheringham of the British Council. See p. 9.

[14]      Public Diplomacy Review by Lord Carter, presented to the Foreign Secretary of the Treasurer on 13 December 2005, p. 8.

[15]      Diplomacy: Canada's International Policy Statement, 'A Role of Pride and Influence in the World', tabled in Parliament, April 2005.

[16]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 4.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 4.

[18]      Jan Melissen, 'Public Diplomacy between Theory and Practice, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 8 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[19]      Philip Fiske de Gouveia, Foreign Policy Centre, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 4 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007) and Jan Melissen, 'Public Diplomacy between Theory and Practice, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 12 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[20]      Jan Melissen, 'Public Diplomacy between Theory and Practice, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 11 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[21]      Joshua S. Fouts, Director, Center on Public Diplomacy, University of Southern California, 'Rethinking Public Diplomacy for the 21^st Century: A Toolbox for Engaging the Hearts and Minds of the Open Source Generation', Prepared for presentation at the APSA Political Communication Conference on International Communication and Conflict, 31 August 2005, p. 4.

Chapter 3 - International developments in public diplomacy

[1]        Report on Wilton Park Conference WP05/4, Diplomacy Today: Delivering Results in a World of Changing Priorities, 3–6 March 2005 and WPS06/21, Public Diplomacy: Key Challenges and Priorities, Friday 10–12 March 2006.

[2]        Summary of discussion, Conference on 'Challenges for Foreign Ministries: Managing Diplomatic Networks and Optimising Value', 31 May–1 June 2006, Geneva.

[3]        Joseph Nye, 'Soft power and American foreign policy', Political Science Quarterly, Summer 2004, p. 256. See also, Joseph S. Nye, 'Propaganda Isn't the Way: Soft Power, the International Herald Tribune, 10 January 2003.

[4]        Shanthi Kalathil, Rapporteur, Soft Power, Hard Issues, Reports of the 2005 Aspen Institute Roundtable on Public Diplomacy and the Middle East and the Forum on Communications and Society, Washington, 2006, p. 15.

[5]        Hon. Alexander Downer's Letter to Solomon Islanders, http://tutuvatu.infome.com/hon-alexander-downer-s-letter-to-solomon-islanders-dt18.html

[6]        Committee Hansard, Estimates, 29 May 2007, p. 6.

[7]        AusAID, Annual Report 2004–05, Section 2, Administered programs, p. 68.

[8]        Many Indonesians send their children to private Islamic schools, or madrasah, where a predominantly secular curriculum is taught. Focus, vol 19, no. 2, September 2004.

[9]        AusAID, Annual Report 2004–05, Section 2, Administered programs, p. 68.

[10]      Bruce Gregory, Director, Public Diplomacy Institute, The George Washington University, 'Not Your Grandparents’ Public Diplomacy', Public Diplomacy Retreat, Department of Foreign Affairs, Ottawa, November 30, 2005, p. 3.

[11]      Jan Melissen, 'Public Diplomacy Between Theory and Practice', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 7 and 9 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[12]      Mark Leonard with Catherine Stead and Conrad Smewing, Public Diplomacy, The Foreign Policy Centre, London, 2002, p. 95.

[13]      Mark Leonard with Catherine Stead and Conrad Smewing, Public Diplomacy, The Foreign Policy Centre, London, 2002, pp. 2–3.

[14]      Carmen Calvo, Opening Remarks, 'The Present and Future of Public Diplomacy: A European Perspective'. The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 2 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007). See also comments by Rainer Schageter, German Ministry of Foreign Affairs who said 'Over the past decade the framework for Public Diplomacy has dramatically changed. In a global media and information society, in which billions of people world-wide witness events in real time via the electronic media, states are competing more than ever for markets, investment, tourists, value systems, and political influence. So is Germany'. Rainer Schlageter, 'German Public Diplomacy', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 20 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[15]      Diplomacy: Canada's International Policy Statement, 'A Role of Pride and Influence in the World', tabled in Parliament, April 2005, pp. 4 and 5 of 6.

[16]      Rainer Schlageter, 'German Public Diplomacy', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 21 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[17]      Mark Leonard with Catherine Stead and Conrad Smewing, Public Diplomacy, The Foreign Policy Centre, London, 2002, p. 9.

[18]      Mark Leonard with Catherine Stead and Conrad Smewing, Public Diplomacy, The Foreign Policy Centre, London, 2002, p. 3.

[19]      Mark Leonard with Catherine Stead and Conrad Smewing, Public Diplomacy, The Foreign Policy Centre, London, 2002, pp. 3–4.

[20]      Speech by H.E. Ambassador Mohamed Al-Orabi, New Year's reception hosted by the European Cultural Circle, Baden-Baden, Germany http://www.egyptian-embassy.de/downloads/Speech_role_of_education_in_Diplomacy.htm.

[21]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, China's emergence: implications for Australia, March 2006, paragraph 4.9.

[22]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, China's emergence: implications for Australia, March 2006.

[23]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, China's emergence: implications for Australia, March 2006, paragraph 5.12.

[24]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, China's emergence: implications for Australia, March 2006, paragraphs 2.19–20, 2.20, 3.4–3.7, 3.17–3.20 and 4.9. See also Javier Noya, 'The United States and Europe: Convergence or Divergence in Public Diplomacy?', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 12 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007). See also Philip Fiske de Gouveia, Foreign Policy Centre, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 6 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[25]      Rainer Schlageter, 'German Public Diplomacy', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, pp. 20–1 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[26]      Philip Fiske de Gouveia, Foreign Policy Centre, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 5 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007). He has written for a wide variety of publications including the Sunday Times, Irish Times, Harpers and Queen, Foreign Policy, Media Guardian and BBC World Agenda. FPC publications include 'An African Al-Jazeera? Mass Media and the African Renaissance' (May 2005), and 'European Infopolitik: Developing EU Public Diplomacy Strategy' (November 2005). Philip Fiske de Gouveia is currently working with private sector partners to develop a flexible, web-based research tool for comprehensive public diplomacy monitoring and evaluation.

[27]      Philip Fiske de Gouveia, Foreign Policy Centre, 'The Future of Public Diplomacy', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 5 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[28]      See for example, Jozef Bátora, Department of Political Science, University of Oslo, 'Multistakeholder Public Diplomacy of Small and Medium-sized States: Norway and Canada Compared', Paper presented to the International Conference on Multistakeholder Diplomacy, Mediterranean Diplomatic Academy, Malta, February 11–13, 2005, p. 5.

[29]      Philip Fiske de Gouveia, Foreign Policy Centre, 'The Future of Public Diplomacy', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 5 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[30]      Philip Fiske de Gouveia, Foreign Policy Centre, 'The Future of Public Diplomacy', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 5 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[31]      Jan Melissen, 'Public Diplomacy Between Theory and Practice', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 11 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[32]      Pamela H. Smith, 'Public Diplomacy', paper presented at the International Conference on Information Technology and Diplomacy (May 1997) and the International Conference on Modern Diplomacy (February 1998), p. 5 of 13, http://diplo.diplomacy.edu/Books/mdiplomacy_book/smith/p.h.%20smith.htm accessed 22 January 2007. In 2001, Ms Smith was sworn in as Ambassador to Moldova and recently retired from the U.S. Foreign Service.

[33]      Jozef Bátora, 'Multistakeholder Public Diplomacy of Small and Medium-Sized States: Norway and Canada Compared', Paper presented to the International Conference on Multistakeholder Diplomacy, Mediterranean Diplomatic Academy, Malta, 11–13 February 2005. p. 5. Jozef Bátora is a research fellow at the Department of Political Science, University of Oslo. Recent publications include: 'Public Diplomacy in Small and Medium-Sized States: Norway and Canada', The Hague Journal of Diplomacy (forthcoming 2006); 'Does the European Union Transform the Institution of Diplomacy?', Journal of European Public Policy, 12 (1), 44-66, 2005; 'Spillet om det nye Europa' [The New Europe Game] in Rasch, B.E., P.K. Mydske and J.H. Matlary (eds.) 'Spillet om Irak' [The Iraq Game] Oslo: Abstrakt Forlag, 2003. Europeanization of Diplomacy and the Slovak Foreign Ministry, Slovak Foreign Policy Affairs, 4 (2), 116-129, 2003.

[34]      Jan Petersen, 'Norwegian public diplomacy', Speech, Nordic Heritage Museum, Seattle, 12 April 2004.

[35]      Javier Noya, 'The United States and Europe: Convergence or Divergence in Public Diplomacy?', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 14 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[36]      Mark Leonard with Catherine Stead and Conrad Smewing, Public Diplomacy, The Foreign Policy Centre, London, 2002, p. 53.

[37]      Philip Fiske de Gouveia, 'The Future of Public Diplomacy', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 6 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007). Philip Fiske de Gouveia is a Senior Research Associate on the Foreign Policy Centre's Public Diplomacy programme.

Chapter 4 - Public diplomacy in Australia

[1]        Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 41. Mr Coningham was the Counsellor, Public Affairs, at the Australian Embassy, Jakarta from 2000–2004.

[2]        Commonwealth of Australia, In the National Interest, Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy, White Paper, Overview, 1997, p. iii.

[3]        Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 8.

[4]        Submission 9, p. [3].

[5]        Dr Yasuku Horiuchi and Mr Trevor Wilson, ANU, are currently working on a book on public diplomacy in the Asia-Pacific region. The book will examine why the state makes public diplomacy efforts and how their efforts changed over time. The aim is to formulate a better theoretical framework to understand public diplomacy in the context of today's global and dynamic international relations and to pave the way for further development of studies on public diplomacy. Dr Pauline Kerr, Director of Studies at the Asia-Pacific College of Diplomacy at the ANU, referred to the study into public diplomacy in her evidence, Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 8.

[6]        For example, see Report on Wilton Park Conference WP05/4, Diplomacy Today: Delivering Results in a World of Changing Priorities,  3–6 March 2005; WPS06/21, Public Diplomacy: Key Challenges and Priorities, Friday 10–12 March 2006; Summary of discussion, Conference on 'Challenges for Foreign Ministries: Managing Diplomatic Networks and Optimising value, 31 May–1 June 2006, Geneva; 'The Present and Future of Public Diplomacy: A European Perspective', the 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 7 and 9 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[7]        See GAO, U.S. Public Diplomacy: State Department Expands Efforts but Faces Significant Challenges, September 2003; GAO, U.S. Public diplomacy: State Department Efforts to Engage Muslim Audiences Lack Certain  Communication Elements and Face Significant Challenges,  May 2006; UK Government, 'Changing perceptions: Review of public diplomacy', March 2002; Lord Carter's review of the effectiveness of public diplomacy work, presented to the Foreign Secretary and Chief Secretary of the Treasury, 13 December 2005; Foreign Affairs Canada, Office of the Inspector General, Evaluation Division, Cross Cutting Issues—A Horizontal Review of the Range of Canadian Public and Cultural Diplomacy Programming, Final Report, August 2005.

[8]        Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 15.

[9]        Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 28.

[10]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 28.

[11]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 31.

[12]      Submission 18, p. 5.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 3.

[14]      Submission 18.

[15]      Submission 18, p. 40.

[16]      Submission 18, p. 40.

[17]      See Appendix 5 for information on FCIs.

[18]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 33.

[19]      Submission 18, p. 25.

[20]      Submission 18, pp. 25, 27.

[21]      Submission 18, p. 27.

[22]      Submission 18, p. 28.

[23]      Submission 18, pp. 28–31.

[24]      Submission 18, p. 38.

[25]      Submission 18, p. 38.

[26]      Submission 18, 46-48.

[27]      Submission 18, p. 39.

[28]      An earthquake struck off the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, on Boxing Day morning, 2004. It triggered tidal waves that swept into coastal villages and seaside resorts causing many tens of thousands of deaths and widespread devastation in countries including Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Myanmar, the Maldives, Malaysia, and Bangladesh.

[29]      Submission 18, pp. 48–49.

[30]      Submission 18, p. 14.

[31]      Submission 18, pp. 20–21.

[32]      Submission 18, p. 23.

[33]      Submission 18, p. 22.

[34]      Submission 18, pp. 12, 16.

[35]      Submission 18, p. 35.

[36]      Submission 18, p. 49.

[37]      Submission 18, pp. 32–33.

[38]      Submission 19, p. 3.

[39]      Submission 19, p. 3.

[40]      Submission 24, p. 1.

[41]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 52.

[42]      Submission 24, p. 2.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 56.

[44]      Submission 24, p. 6.

[45]      Submission 25, p. 13.

[46]      Submission 25, p. 5.

[47]      Submission 25, p. 16.

[48]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 68–69.

[49]      Submission 26, p. 1.

[50]      Submission 26, p. 2.

[51]      The brand research delivered a brand position—Freedom, Challenge, Status—that clearly differentiated Australia from its major competitors. Working in consultation with students and industry, AEI then developed a brand identity, including a logo and graphical elements. The customised Study in Australia brand was launched in December 2002. logolicence@studyinaustralia.gov.au

[52]      Submission 28, p. 3.

[53]      Submission 28, p. 4.

[54]      Submission 28, p. 4.

[55]      Submission 28, p. 4.

[56]      Submission 28, p. 5.

[57]      Submission 28, p. 6.

[58]      See 'ABC bolsters its commitment to international broadcasting', Media Release, 7 February 2007.

[59]      ABC Asia Pacific commenced broadcasting on 31 December 2001.

[60]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 86.

[61]      Submission 22, pp. 2, 3.

[62]      Submission 22, pp. 3–4.

[63]      Submission 22, p. 4–5.

[64]      Submission 22, p. 5.

[65]      Submission 22, p. 6.

[66]      Submission 22, p. 7.

[67]      Submission 22, p. 17.

[68]      Submission 22, p. 9.

[69]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 76.

[70]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 75.

[71]      Submission 21, p. 1.

[72]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 75.

[73]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 78.

[74]      Australian Film Commission, 'About us', http://www.afc.gov.au/profile/about_us/default.aspx (accessed 2 April 2007). See also Submission 17, p. 1.

[75]      Submission 17, p. 2.

[76]      Submission 17, p. 3.

[77]      Submission 17, p. 5.

[78]      Submission 17, p. 6.

[79]      Submission 17, p. 6.

[80]      Submission 17, p. 7.

[81]      Australia Council,' About Us: Who and Why We Are'.  http://www.ozco.gov.au/the_council/about_us/who_and_why_we_are/  (accessed 2 April 2007).

[82]      Submission 13, p. 2.

[83]      Submission 13, p. 7.

[84]      Submission 13, pp. 11, 13.

[85]      Submission 12, p. 5.

[86]      Submission 12, p. 17.

[87]      Submission 12, p. 4.

[88]      Submission 12, p. 10.

[89]      Submission 12, p. 10.

[90]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 30.

[91]      Submission 12, p. 9.

[92]      Submission 12, p. 10.

[93]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 9.

[94]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 3.

[95]      Submission 1, p. [2].

Chapter 5 - The challenges facing Australia as a medium-sized country pursuing effective public diplomacy

[1]        Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 21.

[2]        Submission 2, p. 7.

[3]        Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 41.

[4]        Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 41.

[5]        Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 43.

[6]        Submission 8, p. 1.

[7]        Submission 9, p. 2.

[8]        Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, pp. 5–6.

[9]        Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, pp. 27–28.

[10]      Submission no. 15 to the JSCFADT, Inquiry into Australia’s relationship with India as an emerging world power, p. 13.

[11]      Submission 2, p. 2.

[12]      The committee has looked at Australia as an attractive tourist and study destination in a number of reports including, Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Japan's Economy: Implications for Australia,  August 2000, pp. 151–157 and Opportunities and challenges: Australia's relationship with China,  November 2005, pp. 161–168.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 6.

[14]      Commonwealth of Australia, In the National Interest: Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, 1997, Chapter 1, paragraph 25.

[15]      Commonwealth of Australia, In the National Interest: Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, 1997, Chapter 1, paragraph 24.

[16]      Commonwealth of Australia, In the National Interest: Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, 1997, Chapter 1, paragraph 24.

[17]      Submission 9, p. 2.

[18]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 32.

[19]      See paragraph 2.16 and accompanying footnote.

[20]      Nancy Rivenburgh, Eric Louw, Eric Loo and Gary Mersham, The Sydney Olympics and Foreign Attitudes Towards Australia,  CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd, 2004, p. 50.

[21]      Submission 4, p. 2.

[22]      Department of Foreign Affairs, Answers to question on notice, 1 May 2007, p. 24.

[23]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p.6.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 10.

[25]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 48.

[26]      Commonwealth of Australia, Advancing the National Interest: Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, 2003, p. ix.

[27]      Commonwealth of Australia, Advancing the National Interest: Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, 2003, p. 23.

[28]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, China's emergence: implications for Australia, March 2006, p. 175.

[29]      Submission 27, pp. 22–23. In its inquiry into Australia's relations with China, the committee considered closely the growing influence of China and Taiwan in the Southwest Pacific. See Chapter 10, Senate Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade Committee, China's emergence: implications for Australia, March 2006, pp. 163–179.

[30]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 34.

[31]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 9.

[32]      See chapter 3, paragraphs 3.10–3.12.

[33]      Submission 2, p. 2.

[34]      The Chicago Council on Global Affairs in partnership with Asia Society and in association with East Asia Institute and Lowy Institute for International Policy, The United States and the Rise of China and India: Results of a 2006 Multinational Survey of Public Opinion, 2006, p. 49.

[35]      Minh Nguyen, Alison Jaworski and Nicola Gabay, Report card on Australia' relations with the region 2007, Asia-Pacific NGO opinion survey, Uniya Jesuit Social Justice Centre in partnership with Griffith Asia Institute, Griffith University, 2007, pp. 15–16.

[36]      Minh Nguyen, Alison Jaworski and Nicola Gabay, Report card on Australia' relations with the region 2007, Asia-Pacific NGO opinion survey, Uniya Jesuit Social Justice Centre in partnership with Griffith Asia Institute, Griffith University, 2007, pp. 15–16.

[37]      Minh Nguyen, Alison Jaworski and Nicola Gabay, Report card on Australia' relations with the region 2007, Asia-Pacific NGO opinion survey, Uniya Jesuit Social Justice Centre in partnership with Griffith Asia Institute, Griffith University, 2007, pp. 16–17.

[38]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 27.

[39]      DFAT, answer to written question on notice, 1 May 2007, p. 65.

[40]      Australian Government, Transnational Terrorism: the Threat to Australia, 2004, p. 17.

[41]      Australian Government, Transnational Terrorism: the Threat to Australia, 2004, p. xv.

[42]      Australian Government, Transnational Terrorism: the Threat to Australia, 2004, p. xv.

[43]      The phrase 'media battleground for public opinion' was used by Mark Leonard with Catherine Stead and Conrad Smewing, Public Diplomacy, The Foreign Policy Centre, London, 2002, p. 3.

Chapter 6 - The coherence and consistency of Australia's public diplomacy message

[1]        Mark Leonard with Catherine Stead and Conrad Smewing, Public Diplomacy, The Foreign Policy Centre, London, 2002, p. 9 and cited at paragraph 3.7 of this report.

[2]        See for example, Commonwealth of Australia, In the National Interest: Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, 1997, paragraph 25, p. 13.

[3]        Submission 18, p. 8.

[4]        Commonwealth of Australia, Advancing the National Interest: Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, 2003, pp. vii and viii.

[5]        Commonwealth of Australia, In the National Interest: Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, 1997, paragraph 22, p. 11.

[6]        Commonwealth of Australia, Advancing the National Interest: Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, 2003, p. vii.

[7]        Joshua S. Fouts, Director, Center on Public Diplomacy, University of Southern California, 'Rethinking Public Diplomacy for the 21^st Century: A Toolbox for Engaging the Hearts and Minds of the Open Source Generation', Prepared for presentation at the APSA Political Communication Conference on International Communication and Conflict, 31 August 2005, pp. 4–5.

[8]        Jan Melissen, 'Public Diplomacy Between Theory and Practice, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 9 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[9]        Geoff Miller, Submission 16, 'Current and emerging challenges to the practice of Australian diplomacy', Australian Journal of International Affairs, vol. 56, no. 2, 2002, p. 204.

[10]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 7.

[11]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 5.

[12]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 4.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 48.

[14]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 15.

[15]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 15.

[16]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 49.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 49.

[18]      Richard Woolcott AC, 'Good Neighbour, Bad neighbour. What's the difference?' Uniya Seminar Series 2006, Xavier College Melbourne, 2 August 2006.

[19]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 35.

[20]      Geoff Miller, Submission 16, 'Current and emerging challenges to the practice of Australian diplomacy', Australian Journal of International Affairs, vol. 56, no. 2, 2002, p. 204.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 2.

[22]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 3.

[23]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 14.

[24]      Submission 2, p. 5.

[25]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 49.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 8.

[27]      Submission 24, p. 4.

[28]      Philip Fiske de Gouveia, Foreign Policy Centre, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, pp. 6–7 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[29]      Lord Carter of Coles, Review of Public Diplomacy, presented to the Foreign Secretary and Chief Secretary of the Treasury, 13 December 2005, paragraph 3.9.

[30]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 15.

[31]      DFAT answer to written question on notice, 1 May 2007, p. 4.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 52.

[33]      DFAT answer to written question on notice, 1 May 2007, p. 4.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 52.

[35]      DFAT answer to written question on notice, 1 May 2007, p. 4.

[36]      DFAT answer to written question on notice, 1 May 2007, p. 24.

[37]      Submission 18, p. 22.

[38]      DFAT, answer to written question on notice, 1 May 2007, p. 69.

[39]      Submission 1, p. [3].

[40]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 47.

[41]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 47.

[42]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 7.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 8.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 17.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 17.

[46]      Fealy G. and Borgu A., Local Jihad: Radical Islam and terrorism in Indonesia, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, September 2005, p. 9.

[47]      Fealy G. and Borgu A., Local Jihad; Radical Islam and terrorism in Indonesia, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, September 2005, p. 9.

[48]      The Cronulla riots, which occurred in December 2005, were reported widely in the media and attributed to ethnic tensions. For information on the Vivian Alverez Solon case, see Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, The removal, search for and discovery of Ms Vivian Solon, Interim and Final reports, September and December 2005.

[49]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–06, p. 191.

[50]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–06, p. 191.

[51]      For thoughts on the importance of domestic diplomacy see for example Mark Leonard and Andrew Small with Martin Rose, British Public Diplomacy In the 'Age of Schisms', The Foreign Policy Centre, London, 2005, pp. 5–7 and Mark Leonard with Catherine Stead and Conrad Smewing, Public Diplomacy, The Foreign Policy Centre, London, 2002, p. 13.

[52]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 2.

[53]      'Foreign Policy Values and the Media', The Hon Alexander Downer, MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Speech to the National Newspaper Publishers' Conference, Gold Coast, 28 August 2006, p. 5 of 10, http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/speeches/2006/060828_nnp_conf.html  (accessed 1 March 2007).

[54]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 36.

[55]      Submission 9, p. 1.

[56]      Commonwealth of Australia, Advancing the National Interest: Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, 2003, p. 127.

[57]      Commonwealth of Australia, Advancing the National Interest: Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, 2003, p. xx.

[58]      Commonwealth of Australia, Advancing the National Interest: Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, 2003, p. 127. The White Paper mentioned the Foreign Affairs Council, the Trade Minister's World Trade Organization Advisory Group, DFAT's formal consultations twice a year with non-government organisations interested in human rights and the National Consultative Committee on Peace and Disarmament.

[59]      Submission 9, p. [3].

[60]      Submission 9, p. [3].

[61]      Submission 9, p. [3].

[62]      Gaye Hart and Ellen Shipley, Engaging the Australian Community, Analytical Report for the White Paper on Australia's Aid Program, October 2005, paragraphs 103–104, p. 18. It should be noted that the views expressed in this report were those of the authors and did not necessarily represent the views of the Australian Government.

[63]      Gaye Hart and Ellen Shipley, Engaging the Australian Community, Analytical Report for the White Paper on Australia's Aid Program, October 2005, paragraph 110, p. 19. It should be noted that the views expressed in this report were those of the authors and did not necessarily represent the views of the Australian Government.

[64]      Australian Government, AusAID,  Australian Aid: Promoting Growth and Stability, A White Paper on the Australian Government's Overseas Aid Program, April 2006, p. 73.

[65]      See for example, Kishan S Rana, Foreign Ministries: Change and Reform, Working paper, November 2005, pp. 3 and 13. See also suggestions by the UK Foreign Policy Centre as cited in Philip Fiske de Gouveia, Foreign Policy Centre, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 6 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

Chapter 7 - People-to-people links and relationship building as part of Australia's public diplomacy

[1]        Javier Noya, 'The United States and Europe: Convergence or Divergence in Public Diplomacy?', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 13 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[2]        Rainer Schlageter, 'German Public Diplomacy', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 22 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007). See also Mark Leonard with Catherine Stead and Conrad Smewing, Public Diplomacy, The Foreign Policy Centre, London, 2002, pp. 9–10.

[3]        Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Opportunities and challenges: Australia's relationship with China, November 2005, pp. 347–8.

[4]        Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade, Foreign Affairs Sub Committee, Near Neighbours—Good Neighbours, May 2004, paragraphs 6.1–6.4.

[5]        Submission 9, p. [1].

[6]        Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 32.

[7]        Submission 16, reproduced from Australian Journal of International Affairs, vol. 56, no. 2, 2002, p. 204.

[8]        In its report on Australia's relations with China, the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee recognised that student exchange programs have a vital role in promoting greater understanding and affinity between Australia and other countries, Opportunities and challenges: Australia's relationship with China, November 2005, pp. 288–290.

[9]        Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade, Foreign Affairs Sub Committee, Near Neighbours—Good Neighbours, May 2004, Canberra, paragraph 6.85, p. 162.

[10]      Australian Government, AusAID website, Youth Ambassadors, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/youtham/whatis.cfm (accessed 25 May 2007)

[11]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 63.

[12]      See comments Mr Alan March, Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 71.

[13]      ALA Scholarships are academically prestigious awards offered to high achievers from the Asia-Pacific region each year to undertake postgraduate study (Masters or Doctorate) and a Leadership Training Program in Australia. They are intended for those who are already leaders or have the potential to assume leadership roles that can influence social and economic policy reform and development outcomes, both in their own countries and in the Asia-Pacific region. AusAID website   http://www.ausaid.gov.au/scholar/alafellow.cfm  (accessed 1 May 2007).

[14]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 53.

[15]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 54.

[16]      Submission 28, p. 2.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 54.

[18]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 35.

[19]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 38.

[20]      Submission 9, p. [3].

[21]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 70.

[22]      Senate Foreign Affairs and Trade References Committee, Opportunities and challenges: Australia's relationship with China, November 2005, pp. 287–90.

[23]      Senate Foreign Affairs and Trade References Committee, Opportunities and challenges: Australia's relationship with China, November 2005, p. 289.

[24]      Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Trade, Foreign Affairs Sub Committee, Near Neighbours—Good Neighbours, May 2004, paragraphs 4.174–4.175. Professor Hal Christopher Hill was Deputy Convenor and H.W. Arndt Professor of Pacific and Asian Studies, Indonesia Project, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. Dr Chris Manning, was Head, Indonesia Project, Economics Division, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.

[25]      Submission 18, p. 52.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 44.

[27]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 22.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 22.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 54.

[30]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 54.

[31]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 57.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 54.

[33]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 58.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 72.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 70.

[36]      See Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Opportunities and challenges: Australia's relationship with China, November 2005, p. 291.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 72.

[38]      DFAT, answer to written question on notice, p. 71.

[39]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 36.

[40]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 36.

[41]      Asialink, 2004 Asialink Conversations, Report of Proceedings, Jim Leibold, rapporteur and editor, p. 3.

[42]      Asialink, 2004 Asialink Conversations, Report of Proceedings, Jim Leibold, rapporteur and editor, p. 3.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 4.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 5.

[45]      See for example, Asialink, 2004 Asialink Conversations, Report of Proceedings.

[46]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 5.

[47]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Opportunities and challenges: Australia's relationship with China, March 2006, pp. 274–5.

[48]      Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade, Foreign Affairs Sub Committee, Near Neighbours—Good Neighbours, May 2004, Canberra, p. 147.

[49]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 46.

[50]      Submission 2, p. 4.

[51]      Submission 2, p. 5.

[52]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 10.

[53]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 10.

[54]      Submission 8, p. 4.

[55]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Opportunities and challenges: Australia's relationship with China, March 2006, pp. 274–5. Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade, Foreign Affairs Sub Committee, Near Neighbours—Good Neighbours, May 2004, Canberra, p. 147.

Chapter 8 - The role and coordination of public diplomacy activities by Government departments and agencies

[1]        Lord Carter of Coles, Review of Public Diplomacy, presented to the Foreign Secretary and Chief Secretary of the Treasury, 13 December 2005, paragraph 4.1.

[2]        Lord Carter of Coles, Review of Public Diplomacy, presented to the Foreign Secretary and Chief Secretary of the Treasury, 13 December 2005, paragraph 4.3.

[3]        Submission 16, p. 200.

[4]        Submission 16, p. 200.

[5]        Submission 16, p. 200.

[6]        Submission 28, p. 3.

[7]        Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 80.

[8]        Submission 19, p. 5 and Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 84.

[9]        Submission 26, p. 1.

[10]      Submission 21, p. 1.

[11]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 79.

[12]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 83.

[13]      Submission 18, p. 55.

[14]      Members of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Public Diplomacy are: AusAID, Australian Federal Police, Austrade, AQIS, Attorney-General’s Department, Australian Sports Commission, CSIRO, Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry, Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts, Department of Defence, Department of Employment and Workplace Relations, Department of Education Science and Training, Department of the Environment and Heritage, Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Department of Health and Ageing, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Department of Industry Tourism and Resources, Invest Australia, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Tourism Australia, Department of Veterans’ Affairs. See Submission 18, p. 108.

[15]      Submission 18, p. 55.

[16]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–06, p. 194.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 56.

[18]      Submission 18, paragraph 4.1.2, p. 55.

[19]      Submission 28, p. 8.

[20]      Submission 28, p. 8.

[21]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, answer to question on notice, 1 May 2007, p. 28.

[22]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 25.

[23]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 25.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 4.

[25]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 25.

[26]      Submission 2, p. 4.

[27]      Submission 2, p. 4.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 45.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 13.

[30]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 27.

[31]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, pp. 24–25.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 25.

[33]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, pp. 42-43.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 27.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 20.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 20.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 37.

[38]      Submission 1, p. [2].

[39]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 40.

[40]      Submission 2, p. 7.

[41]      Submission 2, p. 6.

[42]      UK Government, 'Changing perceptions: Review of public diplomacy', March 2002, p. 12. The report was produced by a team of three people: Chris Wilton of the FCO, Jonathon Griffin of the British Tourist Authority and Britain Abroad and Andrew Fotheringham of the British Council.

[43]      Foreign And Commonwealth Office, 'Promoting the UK', http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1035898725758 Public Diplomacy Review by Lord Carter, presented to the Foreign Secretary of the Treasurer on 13 December 2005, pp. 15–16.

[44]      Public Diplomacy Review by Lord Carter, presented to the Foreign Secretary of the Treasurer on 13 December 2005, pp. 15–16.

[45]      Submission 11, p. 2.

[46]      Submission 11, p. 3.

[47]      Submission 11, p. 6. It stated: 'We believe the Council’s international framework offers significant opportunity to contribute positively at a broader level in Australia’s public diplomacy programs, particularly as a capital city government.'

[48]      Submission 11, p. 2.

[49]      Submission 11A, p. 1.

[50]      Submission 11A, p. 1.

[51]      Submission 11A, p. 3.

[52]      Submission 8, p. 6.

[53]      Submission 11, p. 2.

Chapter 9 - Coordinating public diplomacy activities - Cultural and educational institutions

[1]        Definition taken from Milton Cummings, Cultural Diplomacy and the United States Government: A Survey, Center for Arts and Culture, Washington D.C., 2003, p. 1 and used in  Elizabeth Ash, Program Manager, ART in Embassies Program, U.S. Department of State and Aimee Fullman, Center for Arts & Culture, Art as Diplomacy: 21^st Century Challenges, 17 May 2004, p. 2; U.S. Department of State,  Report of the Advisory Committee on Cultural Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy: The Linchpin of Public Diplomacy, September 2005, p. 3.

[2]        See for example US Department of State, Report of the Advisory Committee on Cultural Diplomacy: The Linchpin of Public Diplomacy, September 2005, p. 1.

[3]        Submission 13, p. 2.

[4]        Submission 18, p. 9.

[5]        See for example, National Gallery of Victoria, Submission 6, p. 1; Museums Australia, Submission 12.

[6]        Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 36.

[7]        Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 36.

[8]        Submission 3, p. 1.

[9]        Submission 12, p. 8.

[10]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 30.

[11]      Submission 8, p. 1.

[12]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 46.

[13]      Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, http://www.dfat.gov.au/aicc/index.html (accessed 24 May 2007) and Submission 17, pp. 4–5.

[14]      Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, http://www.dfat.gov.au/aicc/index.html (accessed 24 May 2007).

[15]      Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, http://www.dfat.gov.au/aicc/index.html (accessed 24 May 2007).

[16]      Members of the Council, (as at 24 May 2007).
Senator the Hon George Brandis SC, Minister for Arts and Sport
Mr Luca Belgiorno-Nettis, Associate Managing Director, Transfield Holdings Pty Ltd
Ms Kate Brennan, Chief Executive Officer, Federation Square
Ms Gillian Bird, Deputy Secretary, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
Mr Geoff Buckley, Managing Director, Tourism Australia
Ms Kathy Keele, Chief Executive Officer, Australia Council
Mr Michael Chugg AM, Executive Chairman, Chugg Entertainment
Mr Chris Fitchett, A/g Chief Executive, Australian Film Commission
Ms Carol Henry, Chief Executive, Art Exhibitions Australia
Mr Ian McRae, Consultant
Ms Hetti Perkins, Senior Curator, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Arts, Art Gallery of NSW
Mr Ron Radford AM, Director, National Gallery of Australia
Mr John Stanwell, Director, artsACT
Mr Heath Watt, A/g Chief Executive Officer, Australia Network.

The Council is chaired by the Minister for Foreign Affairs

[17]      Submission 18, p. 25.

[18]      Submission 18, p. 25.

[19]      Australia Council, Annual Report 2005–06, p. 11.

[20]      Australia Council, Annual Report 2005–06, p. 10.

[21]      Australia Council for the Arts, website, http://www.ozco.gov.au/council_priorities/international/ (accessed 24 May 2007).

[22]      Australia Council, Annual Report 2005–06, p. 53.

[23]      Submission 13, p. 5.

[24]      Australia Council, Annual Report 2005–06, pp. 53–54.

[25]      Submission 13, p. 5; Australia Council for the Arts, website, http://www.ozco.gov.au/council_priorities/international/ (accessed 24 May 2007).

[26]      Dr Gerard Vaughan, National Gallery of Victoria, was one of a number of people who suggested that 'more can be done'. Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 36.

[27]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 37.

[28]      Submission 12, p. 12.

[29]      Submission 3, p.1.

[30]      Also mentioned in paragraph 14.43. For example, Asialink Submission 8, p. 1:

[31]      Submission 8, p. 6.

[32]      Submission 3, p. 2.

[33]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, pp. 49-50.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, pp. 18–19. She went on to state: 'We need a long-term strategy on where we are targeting Australian film, if that is to do with public diplomacy as well. For instance, we were talking about South Korea, where we are looking at doing quite a large festival in early 2008. Apart from the Embassy Roadshow, which comes in through the embassy or the posts in that country, there is very little highlight on Australian film. On the other side of the coin, Korean film is building quite an audience in Australia. So to do that exchange would take us a number of years to build it. A one-off event gets people excited about it once and then it goes away and comes back. It would be a longer term strategy in building audiences in targeted countries'.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, pp. 39–40.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 11.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 28.

[38]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 26.

[39]      Submission 8, p. 3.

[40]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 22.

[41]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 24.

[42]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, pp. 22 and 25.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 22.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 27.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 24.

[46]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, pp. 24–25.

[47]      Submission 9, p. 3.

Chapter 10 - Public diplomacy and the wider society

[1]        See Joshua S. Fouts, Director, Center on Public Diplomacy, University of Southern California, 'Rethinking Public Diplomacy for the 21^st Century: A Toolbox for Engaging the Hearts and Minds of the Open Source Generation', Prepared for presentation at the APSA Political Communication Conference on International Communication and Conflict, 31 August 2005,
p. 4.

[2]        Committee Hansard, 11 April 207, p. 9.

[3]        See paragraphs 2.2–2.17 of this report and also Evan H. Potter, Canada and the new Public Diplomacy, Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael', 2002, pp. 3–4.

[4]        The United Kingdom Parliament, Further memorandum submitted by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Public Diplomacy Strategy Board, Letter to the Chairman of the Committee from the Secretary of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 22 May 2003, http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmselect/cmfaff/859/859we12.htm (accessed 24 May 2007); Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Public Diplomacy Strategy, May 2003, http://www.fco.gov.uk/Files/kfile/PUBLICDIPLOMACYSTRATEGY_May2003.pdf (accessed 24 May 2007).

[5]        See comments by Jorge Heine, 'On the Manner of Practising the New Diplomacy', The Centre for International Governance Innovation, Working Paper No. 11, October 2006, p. 9.

[6]        Kishan S Rana, Professor Emeritus, Foreign Service Institute, New Delhi, Foreign Ministries: Change and Reform, Working paper, November 2005, p. 3.

[7]        Submission 15, p. 5.

[8]        Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 36.

[9]        See for example, Mark Leonard with Catherine Stead and Conrad Smewing, Public Diplomacy, The Foreign Policy Centre, London, 2002, pp. 55–57.

[10]      Kishan S. Rana, Foreign Ministries: Change and Reform, Working paper, November 2005, p. 12. In 2005, he was Professor Emeritus, Foreign Service Institute, New Delhi and Senior Fellow, DiploFoundation, Malta and Geneva. He retired as ambassador to Germany in 1995, after 35 years in the Indian Foreign Service (serving as ambassador/high commissioner in Algiers, Prague, Nairobi, and Mauritius, and consul general in San Francisco). He was a joint secretary in Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's office from 1981 to 1982. Rana specialised in economic diplomacy, and worked initially on Chinese affairs. Since 1995 he has worked as a business advisor, assisting international and Indian companies, and taught at the Foreign Service Institute, New Delhi. He has written a study of the diplomatic process, Inside Diplomacy (October 1999), and is co-author of Managing Corporate Culture, a book on business culture in India (November 1999).

[11]      Geoff Miller, 'Current and emerging challenges to the practice of Australian diplomacy', Australian Journal of International Affairs,  vol. 56, no. 2, 2002, p. 199 and Submission 16.

[12]      Submission 16, p. 199.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 30.

[14]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 52.

[15]      Submission 29, p. 4.

[16]      Submission 29, p. 4.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 33.

[18]      Submission 29, p. 4.

[19]      Anthony Bubalo, Football Diplomacy?, Lowy Institute for International Policy, Policy Brief, November 2005, pp. 1, 3, 6, 9–11, and 65.

[20]      Anthony Bubalo, Football Diplomacy?, Lowy Institute for International Policy, Policy Brief, November 2005, p. 3.

[21]      Anthony Bubalo, Football Diplomacy?, Lowy Institute for International Policy, Policy Brief, November 2005, p. 6.

[22]      In May 2007, it was widely reported that Cricket Australia had been instructed by the Australian Government to cancel the planned one-day cricket series in Zimbabwe in September 2007 on the grounds that the cricket tour would provide a propaganda opportunity for the Mugabe regime. See media reporting, for example, Cricket World¸ 13 May 2007, http://www.cricketworld.com/australia/article?aid=11311

[23]      Editor's notes, The Journal of Business Strategy, vol. 27, iss. 3, Boston, 2006, p. 3.

[24]      Submission 24, p. 6.

[25]      Submission 24, p. 6.

[26]      Michael Fullilove and Chloë Flutter, diaspora: the World Wide Web of Australians, Lowy Institute Paper 04, The Lowy Institute for International Policy, 2004, p. 46.

[27]      Senate Legal and Constitutional References Committee, They still call Australia home: Inquiry into Australian expatriates, March 2005, p. v.

[28]      Senate Legal and Constitutional References Committee, They still call Australia home Inquiry into Australian expatriates, March 2005, p. 18. The figure quoted for Australian residents overseas was 759,849 for the period 2002–2003.

[29]      Michael Fullilove and Chloë Flutter, diaspora: the World Wide Web of Australians, Lowy Institute Paper 04, The Lowy Institute for International Policy, 2004, p. vii.

[30]      Submission 2, p. 5.

[31]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 54.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 25.

[33]      Committee Hansard , 15 March 2007, p. 25.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 45.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 45.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 50.

[37]      Michael Fullilove and Chloë Flutter, diaspora: the World Wide Web of Australians, Lowy Institute Paper 04, Lowy Institute for International Policy, 2004, p. 50.

[38]      Senate Legal and Constitutional References Committee, They still call Australia home Inquiry into Australian expatriates, March 2005, p. 123.

[39]      Senate Legal and Constitutional References Committee, They still call Australia home Inquiry into Australian expatriates, March 2005, p. 124.

[40]      Government Response to the Legal and Constitutional References Committee on its inquiry into Australian expatriates, Senate Hansard, 7 December 2006, p. 106.

[41]      Government Response to the Legal and Constitutional References Committee on its inquiry into Australian expatriates, Senate Hansard, 7 December 2006, p. 107.

[42]      Submission 9, p. 3.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 23.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 26.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 24.

[46]      Submission 31, p. 6.

[47]      Submission 31, p. 22.

[48]      Submission 31, p. 8.

[49]      See for example, Bátora J., Multistakeholder Public Diplomacy of Small and Medium-Sized States: Norway and Canada Compared, Paper presented to the International Conference on Multistakeholder Diplomacy, Mediterranean Diplomatic Academy, Malta, February 11–13 November 2005, p. 4.

[50]      Mark Leonard with Catherine Stead and Conrad Smewing, Public Diplomacy, The Foreign Policy Centre, London, 2002, p. 11.

[51]      Jan Melissen, 'Public diplomacy between Theory and Practice', The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, pp. 8–14 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007) and Philip Fiske de Gouveia, Foreign Policy Centre, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, pp. 4–6 of 28, http:www.realinstitutoelcano/org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007).

[52]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 16.

[53]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 17.

[54]      Submission 2, p. 5.

Chapter 11 - Australia's public diplomacy: Training and practitioners

[1]        See paragraph 3.21

[2]        Summary of discussion, Conference on 'Challenges for Foreign Ministries: Managing Diplomatic Networks and Optimising Value', 31 May–1 June 2006, Geneva, p. 4.

[3]        Summary of discussion, Conference on 'Challenges for Foreign Ministries: Managing Diplomatic Networks and Optimising Value', 31 May–1 June 2006, Geneva, p. 5.

[4]        Administrative Circular P0521, 19 September 2003.

[5]        Submission 18, p. 5.

[6]        DFAT, Answer to written question on notice, 1 May 2007, p. 2.

[7]        Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 11.

[8]        Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 7.

[9]        Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, pp. 39–40.

[10]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 26.

[11]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 20.

[12]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 26.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, pp. 3–4.

[14]      Submission 18, pp. 13–14.

[15]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 11.

[16]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 12.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 39.

[18]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 42.

[19]      DFAT, answer to written question on notice, 1 May 2007, p. 27.

[20]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–06, p. 193.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 4.

[22]      Public Diplomacy Handbook, Images of Australia Branch, June 2005, p. vi.

[23]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 47.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, pp. 44–45

[25]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 45.

[26]      Submission 27, p. 7.

[27]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 43.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, pp. 43–44.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 8.

[30]      GAO, U.S. Public Diplomacy, State Department Expands Efforts but Faces Significant Challenges, September 2003, pp. 1–2.

[31]      Submission 16, 'Current and emerging challenges to the practice of Australian diplomacy', Australian Journal of International Affairs, vol 5, no. 2, 2002, p. 200.

[32]      Submission 27, p. 14.

[33]      Submission 27, p. 15.

[34]      Submission 27, p. 15.

[35]      Submission 2, p. 6.

[36]      Submission 1, p. 1.

[37]      Submission 1, p. 1.

[38]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 3.

[39]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, pp. 37–38.

[40]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 39.

[41]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 8.

[42]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 12.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 7.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 7.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 40.

[46]      Submission 27, p. 42

[47]      Submission 27, covering letter.

[48]      Submission 1, p. 1.

[49]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 39.

[50]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 20.

[51]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 20.

Chapter 12 - Technology and communications

[1]        Jay Wang, 'Public diplomacy and global business', The Journal of Business Strategy, vol. 27, no. 3, 2006. and Philip Fiske de Gouveia, Foreign Policy Centre, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 4 of 28, http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documents/276.asp (accessed 23 January 2007); Jan Petersen, 'Norwegian public diplomacy, Speech, Nordic Heritage Museum, Seattle, 2004.

[2]        See for example, Joshua S. Fouts, Director, Center on Public Diplomacy, University of Southern California, 'Rethinking Public Diplomacy for the 21^st Century: A Toolbox for Engaging the Hearts and Minds of the Open Source Generation', Prepared for presentation at the APSA Political Communication Conference on International Communication and Conflict, 31 August 2005, p. 3.

[3]        Joshua S. Fouts, Director, Center on Public Diplomacy, University of Southern California, 'Rethinking Public Diplomacy for the 21^st Century: A Toolbox for Engaging the Hearts and Minds of the Open Source Generation', Prepared for presentation at the APSA Political Communication Conference on International Communication and Conflict, 31 August 2005,
p. 3.

[4]        Public Diplomacy Council, A Report of the Public Diplomacy Council: A Call for Action on Public Diplomacy, January 2005, p. 7.

[5]        Philip Fiske de Gouveia, Foreign Policy Centre, The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy, p. 6 of 28, http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documents/276.asp (accessed
23 January 2007).

[6]        The Hon Alexander Downer MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Speech, 'Biennial Sir Arthur Tange Lecture in Australian Diplomacy', 8 August 2005.

[7]        Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 38.

[8]        Submission 8, p. 2. See also Submission 15, p. 7.

[9]        Submission 8, p. 7.

[10]      Submission 27, p. 18.

[11]      Submission 27, p. 18.

[12]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 53.

[13]      Submission 22, p. 6 of 23.

[14]      Submission 22, p. 6 of 23.

Chapter 13 - The evaluation of Australia's public diplomacy programs

[1]        Submission 18, p. 5.

[2]        Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–2006, p. 191.

[3]        Submission 18, p. 10.

[4]        Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 6.

[5]        Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–2006, p. 205.

[6]        Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–2006, p. 205.

[7]        Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–2006, pp. 202–206.

[8]        Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–2006, p. 192.

[9]        Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–2006, p. 192.

[10]      Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–2006, pp. 195–196.

[11]      Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–2006, p. 197. Also see p. 197 which states that IMV-generated reporting in India in advance of the Australian Prime Minister's visit highlighted the expanding trade relationship and growth in education and investment ties.

[12]      Submission 27, p. 14.

[13]      Submission 27, pp. 15–16.

[14]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 16.

[15]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 15.

[16]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, pp. 15-16.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 40.

[18]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 5.

[19]      Submission 9, p. 2.

[20]      Submission 9.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 9.

[22]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 9.

[23]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 8.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 25.

[25]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 43.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 42.

[27]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 7.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 7.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 5.

[30]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 16.

[31]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 26.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 16.

[33]      Submission 9, p. 2.

[34]      Submission 2, p. 2.

[35]      Submission 8, p. 6.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 5.

[37]      See for example, Mr Trevor Wilson, Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 7.

[38]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 79.

[39]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 54.

[40]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 3.

[41]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 13.

[42]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 2.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 7.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 7.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 7.

[46]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 9.

[47]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 10.

[48]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, pp. 10–11.

[49]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, pp. 5–6.

[50]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 10.

[51]      Submission 24, p. 3.

[52]      Submission 24, p. 3.

[53]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 57.

[54]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 57.

[55]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 41.

[56]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 41.

[57]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 50.

[58]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 51.

[59]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 92.

[60]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 92.

[61]      Paragraph 6.23.

[62]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, pp. 2 and 3.

[63]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 3.

[64]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 2.

[65]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 2.

[66]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 2.

[67]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 7.

[68]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 40.

[69]      Submission 2, p. 4.

[70]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 7.

[71]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 26.

[72]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 27.

[73]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 42.

[74]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 13.

[75]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 5.

[76]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 2.

[77]      Submission 27, paragraph 44, p. 16.

[78]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 3.

[79]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 5.

[80]      Foreign Affairs Canada, Office of the Inspector General, Evaluation Division (ZIE), Cross Cutting Issues—A Horizontal Review of the Range of Canadian Public and Cultural Diplomacy Programming, Final Report, August 2005, p. 1.

[81]      The Government Accountability Office (GAO) is the audit, evaluation and investigative arm of the United States Congress. It exists 'to support Congress in meeting its constitutional responsibilities and to help improve the performance and accountability of the federal government for the American people. GAO examines the use of public funds; evaluates federal programs and policies; and provides analyses, recommendations, and other assistance to help Congress make informed oversight, policy, and funding decisions. GAO’s commitment to good government is reflected in its core values of accountability, integrity, and reliability'. See for example, United States Government Accountability Office, United States. Public Diplomacy State Department Expands Efforts but Faces Significant Challenges, September 2003; United States Government Accountability Office, United States. Public Diplomacy: Interagency Coordination Efforts Hampered by the Lack of a National Communication Strategy, April 2005.

[82]      Paragraph 8.29.

Chapter 14 - Funding Australia's public diplomacy

[1]        Submission 18, paragraph 5.1, p. 58.

[2]        Submission 18, p. 58.

[3]        Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 29.

[4]        DFAT answer to written question on notice, received 1 May 2007, p. 8.

[5]        DFAT answer to written question on notice, received 1 May 2007, p. 7.

[6]        Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 20.

[7]        Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 29.

[8]        Submission 18, p. 58.

[9]        DFAT answer to written question on notice, received 1 May 2007, p. 6.

[10]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Submission 18, p. 54.

[11]      Submission 1, p. [3].

[12]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 7.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 7.

[14]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 34.

[15]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 33.

[16]      DFAT, answer to written question on notice, received 1 May 2007, p. 16. Bills Digest no. 7, 2006–07, Australia–Japan Foundation (Repeal and Transition Provisions) Bill 2006. Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library, notes that the Australia–China Council, the Australia—Indonesia Institute, the Australia—Korea Foundation and the Australia–India Council were established by an Order-in-Council.

[17]      DFAT answer to written question on notice, received 1 May 2007, p. 8.

[18]      Committee Hansard, 14 Mach 2007, p. 33.

[19]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 44.

[20]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, pp. 44–45.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 46.

[22]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 12.

[23]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 12.

[24]      Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade, Foreign Affairs Sub Committee, Near Neighbours—Good Neighbours, An Inquiry into Australia's Relationship with Indonesia, May 2004, pp. 143, 174, 176.

[25]      As at 10 August 2007.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 5.

[27]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 2.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 8.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 83.

[30]      Committee Hansard, 14 March 2007, p. 83.

[31]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 83.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 16.

[33]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 19.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, pp. 38–39.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 39.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 12 April 2007, p. 49

[37]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 44.

[38]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 44.

[39]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 44.

[40]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 5.

[41]      Submission 8, p. 5.

[42]      Submission 8, p. 5.

[43]      Submission 8, p. 1.

[44]      Also mentioned in paragraph 9.23. Submission 8, p. 1.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 5. According to Ms Carroll, the report was to the Australia-Indonesia Institute on the feasibility of setting up an Australian cultural centre. Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 6.

[46]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 7.

[47]      Submission 8, p. 1.

[48]      Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 6.

[49]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 39.

[50]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 7.

[51]      Committee Hansard, 11 April 2007, p. 37.

[52]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 38.

[53]      Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Hon Alexander Downer MP, Media Release, no. 053, 17 May 2007 and Transcript of doorstop, 17 May 2007: 'AICC meeting'.

Chapter 15 - Australia's public diplomacy - Committee's findings and recommendations

[1]        Submission 11, p. 2, Committee Hansard, 15 March 2007, p. 15.

[2]        Submission 22, p. 3.

[3]        Asialink, 2004 Asialink Conversations, Report of Proceedings, Jim Leibold, rapporteur and editor, p. 3.

[4]        Noted previously in the report at paragraph 3. 3. Bruce Gregory, Public Diplomacy Institute, The George Washington University, 'Not Your Grandparents’ Public Diplomacy', Public Diplomacy Retreat, Department of Foreign Affairs, Ottawa November 30, 2005, p. 3.

[5]        Commonwealth of Australia, Advancing the National Interest: Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, 2003, p. 127.

[6]        Commonwealth of Australia, Advancing the National Interest: Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, 2003, p. xx.

[7]        Commonwealth of Australia, Advancing the National Interest: Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, 2003, p. 127. The White Paper mentioned the Foreign Affairs Council, the Trade Minister's World Trade Organization Advisory Group, DFAT's  formal consultations twice a year with non-government organisations interested in human rights and the National Consultative Committee on Peace and Disarmament.

[8]        Submission 9, p. 3.

[9]        See Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Committee, Opportunities and challenges: Australia's relationship with China, November 2005, p. 291.

[10]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Opportunities and challenges: Australia's relationship with China, March 2006, pp. 274–5. Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade, Foreign Affairs Sub Committee, Near Neighbours—Good Neighbours, May 2004, Canberra, p. 147.

[11]      Submission 11, p. 2.

[12]      Submission 9, p. 2.

[13]      Submission 8, p. 5

[14]      See for example, Bátora J., Multistakeholder Public Diplomacy of Small and Medium-Sized States: Norway and Canada Compared, Paper presented to the International Conference on Multistakeholder Diplomacy, Mediterranean Diplomatic Academy, Malta, February 11–13 November 2005, p. 4.

[15]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2007, p. 7.

Appendix 5 - Bilateral foundations, councils and institutes promoting people-to-people links and accurate, contemporary images of Australia in support of the Government's foreign and trade policy goals

[1]        The Hon. Alexander Downer, House Hansard, 10 May 2006, p. 1.

[2]        Section 5, the Australia-Japan Foundation Act 1976 (the Act was repealed by Act No. 95 of 2006).

[3]        Australia–Japan Foundation, Annual Report 2005–06, p. 6.

[4]        Australia–Japan Foundation, Annual Report 2005–06, p. 10.

[5]        Australia–China Council, Annual Report 2004–05, pp. 3 and 8.

[6]        Australia–China Council, Annual Report 2004–05, p. 3

[7]        Australia–China Council, Annual Report 2004–05, p. 3.

[8]        Australia–China Council, Annual Report 2004–05, p. 3.

[9]        Australia–China Council, Annual Report 2004–05, p. 9.

[10]      Australia–Indonesia Institute, Annual Report 2004–05, p. 8.

[11]      Australia–Indonesia Institute, Annual Report 2004–05, p. 10.

[12]      Australia–Indonesia Institute, Annual Report 2004–05, p. 10.

[13]      Australia–Korea Foundation, Annual Report 2003–04, p. 1.

[14]      Appendix 1, Australia–Korea Foundation, Annual Report 2003–04, p. 28.

[15]      Appendix 1, Australia–Korea Foundation, Annual Report 2003–04, p. 28.

[16]      Appendix 1, Australia–Korea Foundation, Annual Report 2003–04, p. 29.

[17]      Appendix 1, Australia–Korea Foundation, Annual Report 2003–04, pp. 28–9.

[18]      The Australia–India Council, p. 1 of 4,  http://www.dfat.gov.au/aic/aic_intro.html (accessed 29 January 2007).

[19]      The Australia–India Council, p. 2 of 4,  http://www.dfat.gov.au/aic/aic_intro.html (accessed 29 January 2007).

[20]      Council on Australia Latin America Relations, Annual Report 2005–06, p. 4.

[21]      Council on Australia Latin America Relations, Annual Report 2005–06, p. 4.

[22]      Council on Australia Latin America Relations, Annual Report 2005–06, p. 4.

[23]      Council on Australia Latin America Relations, Annual Report 2005–06, p. 4.

[24]      Council for Australian–Arab Relations, Annual Report 2004–05, p. 1.

[25]      Council for Australian–Arab Relations, Annual Report 2004–05, p. 1.

[26]      Council for Australian–Arab Relations, Annual Report 2004–05, p. 3.

[27]      Council for Australian–Arab Relations, Annual Report 2004–05, p. 6.

[28]      Council for Australian–Arab Relations, Annual Report 2004–05, p. 6.

[29]      Council for Australian–Arab Relations, Annual Report 2004–05, pp. 6–7.

[30]      Council for Australian–Arab Relations, Annual Report 2004–05, p. 7.

[31]      Councils—Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade: Australia–Malaysia Institute, http://www.dfat.gov.au/ami/about_ami.html (accessed 30 January 2007).

[32]      Councils—Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade: Australia–Malaysia Institute, http://www.dfat.gov.au/ami/about_ami.html (accessed 30 January 2007).

[33]      Councils—Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia–Thailand Institute, http://www.dfat.gov.au/ati/  (accessed 6 June 2007).

[34]      Australia–Thailand Institute, Annual Report 2005/06.

[35]      Australia–Thailand Institute, Annual Report 2005/06.