Footnotes
Executive Summary - Recommendations
[1]
AusAID, 2011–2012 Annual Review of Aid Effectiveness, p. 37 and Committee
Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 4.
Chapter 1 - Introduction
[1]
Journals of the Senate, No. 99, 28 June 2012, p. 2698. The Senate
continued through to 29 June 2012.
[2]
'Agreement on provisional arrangements in Afghanistan pending the re-establishment
of permanent government institutions', Bonn, 2001, http://www.afghangovernment.com/AfghanAgreementBonn.htm
(accessed 1 August 2012).
[3]
See the International Afghanistan Conference in Bonn, 'Afghanistan and
the International Community: From Transition to the Transformation Decade', 5
December 2011.
[4]
See information in TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian
Leadership Handover, A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012.
[5]
AusAID, answer to written question on notice no 33.
- Background to development assistance to Afghanistan
[1]
See for example, Ashley Jackson, Oxfam International, The Cost of
War: Afghan Experiences of Conflict, 1978–2009, November 2009, pp. 7–10.
[2]
See Afghanistan/Pakistan, UNGOMAP—Background, http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/past/ungomap/background.html
(accessed 6 September 2012).
[3]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/43/129–S/19482, 9
February 1988, Letter dated 9 February 1988 from the Permanent Representative
of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to the United Nations addressed to
the Secretary-General.
[4]
See for example, United Nations, General Assembly, A/45/644, Report of
the Economic and Social Council, 'Situation of human rights in Afghanistan', 31
October 1990, paragraph 16.
[5]
See for example, United Nations, General Assembly, A/45/644, Report of
the Economic and Social Council, 'Situation of human rights in Afghanistan', 31
October 1990, paragraphs 17 and 21; The World Bank, Afghanistan in
Transition: Looking Beyond 2014, vol. 2, Main Report, May 2012, p. 3, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/07/04/000333038_20120704045213/Rendered/PDF/708510v20WP0Bo0ansition0Beyond02014.pdf
(accessed 4 December 2012); Ashley Jackson, Oxfam International, The
Cost of War: Afghan Experiences of Conflict, 1978–2009, November 2009, pp.
9–10.
[6]
UN website, http://www.un.org/News/dh/latest/afghan/un-afghan-history.shtml#1990s
(accessed 15 October 2012).
[7]
The World Bank, Afghanistan in Transition: Looking Beyond 2014, vol.
2, Main Report, May 2012, p. 3.
[8]
UN website, http://www.un.org/News/dh/latest/afghan/un-afghan-history.shtml#1990s
(accessed 15 October 2012). See for example, The World Bank, Afghanistan in
Transition: Looking Beyond 2014, vol. 2, Main Report, May 2012, p. 3.
[9]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/52/682–S/1997/894,
1 November 1997, paragraph 37.
[10]
See for example, Jean-Rodrigue Paré,
Afghanistan: UN Intervention, Library of Parliament, Parliament of
Canada, 15 November 2007, http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/prb0726-e.htm
(accessed 3 September 2012); Tim Youngs, Afghanistan: the
culmination of the Bonn process, House of Commons Library, Research Paper
05/72, 26 October 2005; and United Nations, General Assembly, A/RES/48/208, 21
December 1993.
[11]
United Nations, Economic and Social Council, E/CN.4/1995/64, 'Final Report
on the situation of human rights in Afghanistan', 20 January 1995, paragraph
17. The Taliban regard their emergence as 'a spontaneous reaction of some
groups of clerics, disgusted by the chaos and orgy of abuse which engulfed
southern Afghanistan in 1994', cited in Antonio Giustozzi with Niamatullah
Ibrahimi, Thirty Years of Conflict: Drivers of Anti-Government Mobilisation
in Afghanistan, 1978–2011, Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit,
January 2012, p. 22.
[12]
United Nations, General Assembly, A/50/908, 'The Situation in Afghanistan
and its implications for International Peace and Security', Report of the
Secretary-General, 3 April 1996, paragraph 8. See also Human
Rights Watch, Afghanistan: Crisis of Impunity, vol. 13, No. 3(C),
July 2001, p. 11.
[13]
United Nations, General Assembly, A/50/908, 'The Situation in Afghanistan
and its implications for International Peace and Security', Report of the
Secretary-General, 3 April 1996, paragraphs 10–11.
[14]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/52/682-S/1997/894,
'The Situation in Afghanistan and its Implications for International Peace and
Security', 14 November 1997, paragraph 12.
[15]
United Nations, General Assembly, A/53/L.66, 9 December 1998.
[16]
United Nations, General Assembly, A/53/L.66, 9 December 1998.
[17]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/55/633–S/2000/1106,
20 November 2000, paragraph 25.
[18]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/55/633–S/2000/1106,
20 November 2000, paragraph 56.
[19]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/55/633–S/2000/1106, 20 November 2000,
paragraph 80.
[20]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/55/633–S/2000/1106,
20 November 2000, paragraph 92.
[21]
See for example, United Nations, Security Council, S/RES/1333 (2000) and
United Nations, General Assembly, A/53/L.66, 9 December 1998.
[22]
United Nations, Security Council, S/RES/1267 (1999), adopted on 15 October
1999.
[23]
United Nations, Security Council, S/RES/1267 (1999), adopted on 15 October
1999.
[24]
United Nations, Security Council, S/RES/1333 (2000), 19 December 2000,
paragraphs 1–3.
[25]
107th Congress, Joint Resolution, J.S. Res. 23, 18 September
2001 and Richard F. Grimmett Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs,
Defense, and Trade Division CRS 'Report for Congress, Authorization For Use Of
Military Force in Response to the 9/11 Attacks (P.L. 107-40): Legislative
History', update January 2007, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS22357.pdf
(accessed 27 July 2012).
[26]
Department of Defence, Defence Annual Report 2001–02, pp. 3–4. It
did so for the first time in the Treaty's fifty-year history on 14 September
2001, by invoking the Anzus alliance, under Article IV.
[27]
Department of Defence, Defence Annual Report 2001–02, p. 4; Ashley
Jackson, Oxfam International, The Cost of War: Afghan Experiences of
Conflict, 1978–2009, November 2009, p. 12.
[28]
Mark Fields and Ramsha Ahmed, A Review of the 2001 Bonn Conference and
Application to the Road Ahead in Afghanistan, Strategic Perspectives no. 8,
Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, November
2011, p. 7; Tim Youngs, 'Afghanistan: the culmination of the Bonn process',
House of Commons Library, Research Paper 05/72, 26 October 2005, p. 11; Ashley
Jackson, Oxfam International, The Cost of War: Afghan Experiences of
Conflict, 1978–2009, November 2009, p. 12; and United Nations, General
Assembly, Security Council, A/56/681–S/2001/1157, 6 December 2001, paragraph
55.
[29]
Mark Fields and Ramsha Ahmed, A Review of the 2001 Bonn Conference and
Application to the Road Ahead in Afghanistan, Strategic Perspectives no. 8,
Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, November
2011, p. 7. United Nations General Assembly, Security Council,
A/56/681–S/2001/1157, 6 December 2001, paragraph 58.
[30]
See for example, Jean-Rodrigue Paré,
'Afghanistan: UN intervention', Infoseries, 15 November 2007,
Canadian Library of Parliament.
[31]
His Excellency Professor Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of the Islamic
State of Afghanistan, was prepared to transfer power to an interim authority under
the chairmanship of Mr Hamid Karzai. Agreement on Provisional Arrangements in
Afghanistan pending the Re-establishment of Permanent Government Institutions
(the Afghan Bonn Agreement), http://www.un.org/News/dh/latest/afghan/afghan-agree.htm
[32]
The Afghan Bonn Agreement, http://www.un.org/News/dh/latest/afghan/afghan-agree.htm.
[33]
The Afghan Bonn Agreement, http://www.un.org/News/dh/latest/afghan/afghan-agree.htm.
[34]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/56/875–S/2002/278,
18 March 2002, paragraph 117.
[35]
See for example, Mark Fields and Ramsha Ahmed, A Review of the 2001
Bonn Conference and Application to the Road Ahead in Afghanistan, Strategic
Perspectives no. 8, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense
University, November 2011, p. 5. United Nations, General Assembly, Security
Council, A56/1000–S/2002/737, 11 July 2002.
[36]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/56/875–S/2002/278,
18 March 2002, paragraphs 7–8 and Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Afghanistan
National Development Strategy, 1387–1391(2008–2013), A Strategy for
Security, Governance, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction, p. 1. The
Strategy recorded that 76 per cent of eligible voters participated in the
presidential election.
[37]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/56/1000–S/2002/737,
11 July 2002, paragraph 2.
[38]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/56/1000–S/2002/737,
11 July 2002, paragraph 3.
[39]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/56/1000–S/2002/737,
11 July 2002, paragraph 3.
[40]
Mark Fields and Ramsha Ahmed, A Review of the 2001 Bonn Conference and
Application to the Road Ahead in Afghanistan, Strategic Perspectives no. 8,
Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, November
2011, p. 19.
[41]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/56/875–S/2002/278,
18 March 2002, paragraph 55.
[42]
United Nations, Security Council, S/RES/1386 (2001), adopted 20 December
2001.
[43]
United Nations, Security Council, S/RES/1386 (2001), adopted 20 December
2001.
[44]
See for example, United Nations, General Assembly, A/57/L.56, 3 December
2002.
[45]
United Nations, Report of the Security Council, 1 August 2002–31 July
2003, A/58/2, p. 5.
[46]
NATO, Press Briefing by NATO Spokesman, Yves Brodeur, 16 April 2003, http://nato.int/docu/speech/2003/s030416a.htm
(accessed 6 September 2012).
[47]
NATO, Press Release, 'NATO to assume command of the International Security
Assistance Force (ISAF) in Kabul on Monday, 11 August 2003', 8 August 2003, http://nato.int/docu/pr/2003/p03-091e.htm
(accessed 6 September 2012).
[48]
NATO, Address by Mr Hamid Karzai, President of the Transitional Islamic
State of Afghanistan, 11 August 2003, http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/opinions_20580.htm
(accessed 6 September 2012).
[49]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/60/712–S/2006/145, Report
of the Secretary-General, paragraphs 46–47.
[50]
See for example, United Nations, General Assembly, A/RES/60/32A–B, 7
December 2005, which noted increased terrorist attacks caused by al-Qaeda
operatives, the Taliban and other extremist groups. See also United Nations,
Security Council, S/PRST/2003/7, 18 June 2003.
[51]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/56/681–S/2001/1157,
6 December 2001, paragraph 61.
[52]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/56/875–S/2002/278,
18 March 2002, paragraph 76.
[53]
United Nations, Security Council, S/RES/1378 (2001), adopted by the
Security Council at its 4415th meeting, 14 November 2001.
[54]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/56/681–S/2001/1157,
6 December 2001, paragraph 59.
[55]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/56/681–S/2001/1157,
6 December 2001, paragraph 59.
[56]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/55/633–S/2000/1106,
20 November 2000; A/56/681–S/2001/1157, 6 December 2001; and
A/56/875–S/2002/278, 18 March 2002.
[57]
See for example, United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council,
A/55/633–S/2000/1106, 20 November 2000; paragraphs 67, 78–79; United Nations,
General Assembly, A/56/687, 7 December 2001, paragraphs 37 and 70; and
United Nations, General Assembly, A/57/410, 17 September 2002, paragraphs 49
and 88.
[58]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/55/633–S/2000/1106,
20 November 2000, paragraph 66.
[59]
Submission 15, p. 4.
[60]
Mr Mark Tattersall, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p.
22.
[61]
The World Bank Group, 'Worldwide Governance Indicators', http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/sc_chart.asp
(accessed 21 March 2013).
[62]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/56/875–S/2002/278,
18 March 2002, paragraphs 103 and 116.
[63]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/56/875–S/2002/278,
18 March 2002, paragraph 98.
[64]
United Nations, Security Council, S/RES/1401 (2002), adopted on 28 March
2002.
[65]
See for example, United Nations, Report of the Security Council, 1 August
2002–31 July 2003, A/58/2, p. 5.
[66]
AusAID, Annual Report 2002–2003, p. 50.
[67]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/56/1000–S/2002/737,
11 July 2002, paragraph 58.
Chapter 3 - Development assistance to Afghanistan 2001–2010
[1]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/56875–S/2002/278,
18 March 2002, paragraphs 76 and 78.
[2]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/56/681–S/2001/1157,
6 December 2001, paragraph 85.
[3]
The Afghan Bonn Agreement, http://www.un.org/News/dh/latest/afghan/afghan-agree.htm (accessed 2 January 2013).
[4]
Co-chairs' Summary of Conclusions, The International
Conference on Reconstruction Assistance to Afghanistan, 21–22 January 2002.
[5]
Co-chairs' Summary of Conclusions, The International Conference on
Reconstruction Assistance to Afghanistan, 21–22 January 2002, paragraphs 4 and
13.
[6]
The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the ACCRA Agenda for
Action, 2005 and 2008 respectively.
[7]
For example, by the end of 2010, the objective for education was to have
net enrolment in primary school of at least 60% of girls and 75% of boys; a new
curriculum in operation in all secondary schools; the number of female teachers
increased by 50%; and 70% of Afghanistan's teachers pass a competency test. The
Afghanistan Compact, London, 31 January–1 February 2006.
[8]
Overall, the objective of South-South cooperation is for developing countries
of the South to foster national and collective self-reliance by promoting
cooperation in all areas. See United Nations General Assembly, A/64/504, 'Promotion
of South-South cooperation for development: a thirty-year perspective', 27
October 2009, Report of the Secretary-General, http://southsouthconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/A-64-504-E.pdf
(accessed 4 January 2013).
[9]
The London Conference on Afghanistan, The Afghanistan Compact, London
31 January–1 February 2006, http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/IMG/pdf/afghanistan_compact.pdf
(accessed 11 September 2012).
[10]
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Afghanistan National Development
Strategy, 1387–1391 (2008–2013), A Strategy for Security, Governance,
Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction, p. v.
[11]
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Afghanistan National Development
Strategy, 1387–1391 (2008–2013), A Strategy for Security, Governance,
Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction, p. v.
[12]
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Afghanistan National Development
Strategy, 1387–1391 (2008–2013), A Strategy for Security, Governance,
Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction, pp. 5–6.
[13]
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Afghanistan National Development
Strategy, 1387–1391 (2008–2013), A Strategy for Security, Governance,
Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction, pp. 6 and 155.
[14]
Declaration of the International Conference in Support of Afghanistan,
issued under the authority of the Three Co-chairs, the President of the French
Republic, the President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the
Secretary-General of the United Nations, Paris, 12 June 2008.
[15]
Communiqué issued at the London Conference, 28 January 2010, paragraphs 3
and 4, http://www.isaf.nato.int/images/stories/File/factsheets/Documents_Communique%20of%20London%20Conference%20on%20Afghanistan.pdf
(accessed 11 December 2012).
[16]
Communiqué issued at the London Conference, 28 January 2010, paragraph 31.
[17]
Communiqué issued at the London Conference, 28 January 2010, paragraph 24.
[18]
Communiqué, Kabul International Conference on Afghanistan, 20 July 2010,
paragraphs 1–2.
[19]
Communiqué, Kabul International Conference on Afghanistan, 20 July 2010,
paragraph 5.
[20]
Mr Scott Dawson, Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 1.
[21]
AUSAID, Annual Report 1999–2000, p. 62.
[22]
AusAID, Annual Report 2001–2002, p. 90.
[23]
AusAID, Annual Report 2001–2002, p. 90.
[24]
AusAID, Annual Report 2002–2003, p. 64.
[25]
ACIAR Annual Report 2002–2003, p. 53 and 2003–2004, p. 67. Overall,
between July 2001 and June 2003, Australia disbursed more than $60 million in assistance
to Afghanistan. According to AusAID, this level of support then represented
Australia’s third largest contribution to a humanitarian effort exceeded only
by East Timor and Iraq. AusAID Annual Report 2002–2003, p. 64.
[26]
AusAID, Annual Report 2004–2005, p. 87 and AusAID, Annual Report
2005–06, pp. 93–94.
[27]
AusAID, Annual Report 2004–2005, p. 87 and also Statement by the
Hon Alexander Downer MP, Minister for Foreign affairs, 'Australia's International
Development Cooperation 2004–05', 11 May 2004, pp. 42–43.
[28]
AusAID, Annual Report 2002–2003, p. 64.
[29]
AusAID, Annual Report 2001–2002, p. 90.
[30]
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–06, p.
53.
[31]
AusAID, Annual Report 2005–06, pp. 93–94. At the London Conference
on Afghanistan in 2006, the Australian Government pledged 'an indicative $150
million over the next five years to support Afghan peace and nation building'.
Statement by the Hon Alexander Downer MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs,
'Australia's Overseas Aid Program 2006–07', 9 May 2006, p. 50.
[32]
Australia's ODA to Afghanistan then climbed to $102.5m and $191.1m
respectively for 2010–11 and 2011–12.
[33]
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–06, pp.
11, 51 and 53.
[34]
AusAID, Annual Report 2006–07, p. 90.
[35]
AusAID, Annual Report 2007–08, p. 111.
[36]
AusAID, Annual Report 2007–08, p. 111.
[37]
AusAID, Annual Report 2007–08, pp. 110–111.
[38]
United Nations Development Programme, Afghanistan, ALICEGHAN, 2nd Quarter
Project Progress Report, 2009.
[39]
Department of Defence, Defence Annual Report 2005–06, p. 53;
Department of Defence, Defence Annual Report 2006–07, p. 5 and
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–06, p. 58.
[40]
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2005–06, p.
58.
[41]
Department of Defence, Afghanistan Fact Sheet, http://www.defence.gov.au/op/afghanistan/info/factsheet.htm
(accessed 7 January 2013); Statement by Senator the Hon Bob Carr, Minister for
Foreign Affairs, 'Australia's International Development Assistance Program
2012–2013: Helping the World's Poor: Implementing Effective Aid', 8 May 2012,
Budget 2012–13, pp. 65, 102, http://www.budget.gov.au/2012-13/content/ministerial_statement/ausaid/html1/ausaid.htm
(accessed 11 September 2012).
[42]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/60/224–S/2005/525,
12 August 2005, paragraph 69. See also Department of Defence,
Afghanistan Fact Sheet, http://www.defence.gov.au/op/afghanistan/info/factsheet.htm
(accessed 7 January 2013).
[43]
Department of Defence, Defence Annual Report 2006–07, pp. 17 and
22; See also Department of Defence, Defence Annual Report 2007–08, p.
45. See also Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 21 October 2009, p. 33.
[44]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 21 October 2009, p. 34.
[45]
Department of Defence, Defence Annual Report 2007–08, p. 6.
[46]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 21 October 2009, p. 34.
[47]
AusAID, Annual Report 2007–08, p. 111.
[48]
Australian Federal Police, Annual Report 2006–07, p. 56.
[49]
Senator the Hon. Christopher Ellison, Minister for Justice and Customs,
Media Release, E3/07, 31 January 2007.
[50]
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2006–07, p.
73.
[51]
Australian Federal Police, Annual Report 2006–07, pp. 56–57.
[52]
Australian Federal Police, Annual Report 2008–09, p. 74 and Senator
the Hon Christopher Ellison, Minister for Justice and Customs, Media Release,
E3/07, 31 January 2007.
[53]
Senator the Hon Christopher Ellison, Minister for Justice and Customs,
Media Release, E3/07, 31 January 2007 and Australian Federal Police, Annual
Report 2007–08, p. 58.
[54]
The Hon Bob Debus, Minister for Home Affairs, Media Release, 'AFP Numbers
Boosted in Afghanistan', Budget 2008–09', 13 May 2008.
[55]
Australian Federal Police, Annual Report 2008–09, p. 74; the Hon
Bob Debus, Minister for Home Affairs, Media Release, 'AFP Numbers Boosted in Afghanistan',
Budget 2008–09, 13 May 2008.
[56]
Australian Federal Police, Annual Report 2008–09, p. 74.
[57]
Australian Federal Police, Annual Report 2008–09, p. 74.
[58]
Australian Federal Police, Annual Report 2009–10, p. 96.
[59]
OECD, 'Is it ODA?', Factsheet—November 2008, www.oecd.org/dac/stats
(accessed 3 January 2013).
[60]
The Hon Stephen Smith MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, Media
release, 'Australia pledges $250 million in further assistance for Afghanistan',
12 June 2008, http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2008/fa-s093_08.html
(accessed 4 January 2013); AusAID, Annual Report 2008–2009, p. 112.
[61]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 1 June 2009, p. 153.
[62]
The Hon Stephen Smith MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade,
'Statement to the International Conference on Afghanistan', The Hague, 31 March
2009, http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/speeches/2009/090331_ica.html
(accessed 4 January 2013).
[63]
The Hon Kevin Rudd, Prime Minister of Australia, Interview, Press
Conference, Parliament House, Canberra, 29 April 2009.
[64]
AusAID, Annual Report 2008–2009, p. 113 and AusAID, Annual
Report 2009 –2010, p. 112.
[65]
The Hon Brendan O'Connor MP, Minister for Home Affairs, 'AFP deployment to
Afghanistan', Parliament House, Canberra, 28 April 2010.
[66]
The Hon Kevin Rudd, Prime Minister of Australia, Interview, Press
Conference, Parliament House, Canberra, 29 April 2009.
[67]
AusAID, Annual Report 2009–2010, p. 4.
[68]
AusAID, Annual Report 2009 –2010, p. 112. The Report stated that other
Australian assistance through AusAID’s regional and global programs and other government
departments brought Australia's total ODA to an estimated $130.1 million—the
revised ODA total as shown in Table 3.1 now shows that total for 2009/10 at
$82.13 million.
[69]
AusAID, Australia's strategic approach to aid in Afghanistan 2010–2012,
December 2010, p. 10.
[70]
AusAID, Submission 16, p. 14.
[71]
See revised AusAID table 3.1.
[72]
AusAID, Annual Report 2010–2011, pp. 121–122.
[73]
AusAID Afghanistan, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/southasia/afghanistan/Pages/home.aspx#aid
(accessed 10 September 2012) and AusAID, Annual Report 2010–2011,
p. 121. See also Department of Defence, Defence Annual Report 2010–11,
p. 4.
[74]
Department of Defence, Defence Annual Report 2010–11, pp. 64–65 and
DFAT Submission 22, pp. 3–4; ACFID, In it for the Long
Haul? Delivering Australian aid to Afghanistan, ACFID Research in
Development Series Report no. 1, March 2011, p. 1 and AusAID, Submission
16, p. 14. In early 2003, members of the international coalition in
Afghanistan began to deploy provincial reconstruction teams outside of Kabul. United
Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/60/224–S/2005/525, 12 August
2005, paragraph 69.
[75]
See for example, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian
Leadership Handover, A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 1.
[76]
Department of Defence, Defence Annual Report 2010–11, p. 4.
[77]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 31 May 2010, p. 14.
[78]
AusAID, Submission 16, p. 14.
[79]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee,
Committee Hansard, Estimates, 31 May 2010, p. 14.
[80]
AFP, Media Release, 'AFP clarifies its commitment to Afghanistan', 1
January 2011. One of the NTM–A's main tasks was to support the ANSF, including
coordinating international efforts to train, equip and sustain the ANA, ANP and
the Afghan Air Force, http://www.aco.nato.int/page272701224.aspx
(accessed 4 January 2013).
[81]
AFP, Media Release, 'AFP clarifies its commitment to Afghanistan', 1
January 2011.
[82]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 31 May 2010, pp. 20–21.
[83]
Department of Defence, Defence Annual Report 2010–11, p. 62.
[84]
AusAID, 2011–2012 Annual Review of Aid Effectiveness, p. 37.
[85]
Mr Scott Dawson, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 4.
Chapter 4 - Challenges
[1]
Ministry of Finance, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Joint
Evaluation of the Paris Declaration Phase 2: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan,
2010, Baawar Consulting Group, p. 1.
[2]
See for example, Alex Thier, Assistant to the Administrator and Director
of the Office of Afghanistan and Pakistan Affairs, U.S. Agency for
International Development, The Brookings Institution, 'The State of Afghanistan',
Washington, D.C., Tuesday, July 3, 2012; Asian Development Bank Afghanistan,
Fact Sheet as of 31 December 2011.
[3]
Asian Development Bank, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Country
Assistance Program Evaluation, Independent Evaluation CE–28, 2012–2013, p. 4.
See also, CIA: The World Factbook—Afghanistan; UNICEF, Afghanistan, 'In remote
Afghan mountains' http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/afghanistan_55638.html
(accessed 2 August 2012).
[4]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/67/354–S/20/12/703,
13 September 2012, paragraph 50.
[5]
See also, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Ministry of Finance, Joint
Evaluation of the Paris Declaration: Phase 2: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan,
2010, Baawar Consulting Group, p. 1.
[6]
AusAID, Annual Report 2010–2011, p. 121.
[7]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley,
'Reconstruction: A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The
Afghanistan Conflict and Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press,
2011, p. 78 and Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 51.
[8]
International Human Development Indicators—United Nations Development
Programme, Afghanistan, 'Afghanistan Country profile', http://www.undp.org.af/undp/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=82&Itemid=68
(accessed 3 May 2013) and The World Bank, Afghanistan in Transition: Looking
Beyond 2014, vol. 2: Main Report, May 2012, p. 12. It noted the
dramatic improvements in life expectancy recorded by the Afghan Public Health
Institute. See USAID et al, Afghanistan Mortality Survey 2010, Key
Findings, p. 11.
[9]
http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/afghanistan_statistics.html#93
(accessed 3 May 2013) http://www.undp.org.af/undp/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=82&Itemid=68
(accessed 3 May 2013). See also AusAID, Afghanistan Annual Program
Performance Report 2011, July 2012, p. 6.
[10]
AusAID, Annual Report 2009 –2010, p. 114 and Asian Development
Bank, 'Asian Development Bank, Afghanistan, Fact sheet', as at 31 December
2011. USAID, 'Afghanistan Fact Sheet'. The UNICEF Fact sheet records under-5
mortality rate at 199 per 1,000 live births.
[11]
See for example, USAID et al, Afghanistan Mortality Survey 2010, Key
Findings, p. 11. For 2010, UNICEF still recorded the under-five mortality rate
at 149 per 1,000, http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/afghanistan_statistics.html
[12]
Asian Development Bank, 'Asian Development Bank Afghanistan, Fact sheet',
as at 31 December 2011; The World Bank, Afghanistan in Transition:
Looking Beyond 2014, vol. 1: Overview, May 2012, p. iv; and Submission
6, p. [17].
[13]
USAID, 'Afghanistan Fact Sheet', The World Bank, Afghanistan in
Transition: Looking Beyond 2014, vol. 1: Overview, May 2012, p. iv.
[14]
See for example, Professor Stephen Howes and Mr Jonathon Pryke, Submission
14, p. 5 and IMF, Program note, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, last updated:
July 12, 2012, http://www.imf.org/external/np/country/notes/afghanistan.htm
(accessed 26 October 2012).
[15]
Submission 14, p. 5.
[16]
See for example, The World Bank, Afghanistan in Transition: Looking
Beyond 2014, vol. 2, Main Report, May 2012, p. 9.
[17]
Submission 14, p. 4.
[18]
Asian Development Bank, 'Asian Development Bank, Afghanistan, Fact sheet',
as at 31 December 2011 and The World Bank, Afghanistan in Transition:
Looking Beyond 2014, vol. 1: Overview, May 2012, p. iv.
[19]
Asian Development Bank, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Country
Assistance Program Evaluation, Independent Evaluation CE–28, 2012–13,
paragraph 169.
[20]
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Central Statistics Organization, Afghanistan
Statistical Yearbook 2011–12, Issue No. 33, July 2012, pp. 255 and 256.
[21]
http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/AFG.gif
(accessed 1 March 2013).
[22]
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Central Statistics Organization, Afghanistan
Statistical Yearbook 2011–12, Issue No. 33, July 2012, p. 255 and Ministry
of Finance, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Joint Evaluation of the Paris
Declaration Phase 2: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, 2010, p. 7.
[23]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 51.
[24]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 38.
[25]
See for example, AusAID, Submission 16, p. 8; Caritas
Australia, Submission 10, p. 4 and ADB, Islamic Republic of
Afghanistan, Country Assistance Program Evaluation, Independent Evaluation
CE–28, 2012–2013, paragraph 144.
[26]
Ministry of Finance, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Joint Evaluation
of the Paris Declaration Phase 2: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, 2010, p.
7.
[27]
See for example, Mr Scott Dawson, Committee Hansard, 3 December
2012, p. 2.
[28]
See also TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership
Handover, A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 101.
[29]
See also TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership
Handover, A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 78.
[30]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 2.
[31]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, pp. 12–13.
[32]
See for example, Ministry of Finance, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Joint
Evaluation of the Paris Declaration Phase 2: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan,
2010, p. 7 and the Asia Foundation, Afghanistan in 2012, A Survey of the
Afghan People, 2012, p. 107.
[33]
Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index 2011.
[34]
Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index 2012, http://issuu.com/transparencyinternational/docs/cpi_2012_report/5
(accessed 14 February 2013).
[35]
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Corruption in Afghanistan:
Bribery as reported by the victims, January 2010, p. 35.
[36]
Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, Afghanistan Looking Ahead:
Challenges for Governance and Community Welfare, Research Briefs for the
2011 Bonn Conference, p. 4. See also The Asia Foundation, Afghanistan in
2012, A Survey of the Afghan People, 2012, p. 8. Another report, an Oxfam
study, revealed that just less than one half of all individuals surveyed (48%)
identified corruption and ineffectiveness of the Afghan government as a major
cause of conflict in Afghanistan. Ashley Jackson, The Cost of War, Afghan
Experiences of Conflict, 1978–2009, Oxfam, 2009, p. 4. The research
for this publication was jointly designed and/or carried out by a number of aid
organisations including Afghan Civil Society Forum, Afghan Peace and Democracy
ACT, Association for the Defence of Women's Rights et al.
[37]
Phil Sparrow, In it for the long haul? Delivering Australian aid to
Afghanistan, ACFID Research in Development Series Report no. 1, March 2011,
p. 16.
[38]
Phil Sparrow, In it for the long haul? Delivering Australian aid to
Afghanistan, ACFID Research in Development Series Report no. 1, March 2011,
p. 16.
[39]
Afghan People's Dialogue on Peace, 'Laying the Foundations for an
Inclusive Peace Process', December 2011, p. 9. Thirteen civil society
organisations/networks and the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission
oversee and sponsor the public discussions recorded in this dialogue.
[40]
The Asia Foundation, Afghanistan in 2012: A survey of the Afghan
People, 2012, p. 8.
[41]
Statement, His Excellency Hamid Karzai, President of the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan, 'Tokyo Development Cooperation Conference on Afghanistan',
Tokyo, Japan, 8 July 2012.
[42]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley, 'Reconstruction:
A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The Afghanistan Conflict and
Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press, 2011, p. 88. Professor Howes
suggested that corruption seemed to be rampant on the investment side of things
often through contractors and subcontractors where side payments are made. Committee
Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 15.
[43]
Submission 4, paragraph 4.2.
[44]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 23.
[45]
See for example, Lydia Khalil, Submission 20, p. [2].
[46]
Referred to in Phil Sparrow, In it for the long haul? Delivering
Australian aid to Afghanistan, ACFID Research in Development Series Report
no. 1, March 2011, p. 16.
[47]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, pp. xii and 41.
[48]
Submission 16, p. 9.
[49]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 6.
[50]
Submission 4, p. [2].
[51]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley, 'Reconstruction:
A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The Afghanistan Conflict and
Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press, 2011, p. 83. According to
Professor Maley, donors bypass the Afghan state altogether and seek to deal
with local communities as a way of short-circuiting the complexities that arise
if one has to get approval from central ministries in Kabul before one can
implement a local project. Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 6.
[52]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 6.
[53]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 58.
[54]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 58.
[55]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 26.
[56]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 26.
[57]
See for example, United Nations and General Assembly, Security Council,
A/61/799–S/2007/152, Report of the Secretary-General, 15 March 2007, paragraph
3.
[58]
See for example, United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council,
A/61/799–S/2007/152, Report of the Secretary-General, 15 March 2007, paragraphs
2–10.
[59]
Air Chief Marshal Angus G Houston, Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and
Trade Legislation Committee, Committee Hansard, Estimates, 21 October
2009, p. 47.
[60]
United Nations, Security Council, S/2008/434, Special Report of the
Secretary-General, 3 July 2008, paragraphs 5–6. The Security Council continued
to urge Member States to contribute personnel, equipment and other resources to
ISAF. United Nations, Security Council, S/RES/1833 (2008), 22 September 2008.
See also, United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council,
A/65/873–S/2011/381, Report of the Secretary-General, 23 June 2011 and United
Nations, Security Council, S/RES/2011 (2011), 12 October 2011.
[61]
The 2012 TLO report concluded that 'The continued influence of patronage
networks is an obstacle that inhibits progress in the governance sector, with
many tribes and minority communities facing discrimination and exclusion'. TLO,
Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover, A TLO
Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. xiii.
[62]
TLO, The Dutch Engagement in Uruzgan: 2006 to 2010, August 2010,
p. 49.
[63]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 6.
[64]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. xiii.
[65]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley, 'Reconstruction:
A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The Afghanistan Conflict and
Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press, 2011, p. 84.
[66]
Submission 20, p. [2].
[67]
AusAID, Australia's strategic approach to aid in Afghanistan 2010–2012,
December 2010, p. 17.
[68]
Submission 22, p. 1. See also Lydia Khalil who cited reports
indicating that insecurity, poor governance capacity and corruption constrain
development efforts across Afghanistan. Submission 20, p. [2].
[69]
See for example, United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council,
A/63/751–A/2009/135, 10 March 2009, paragraphs 45–47.
[70]
See for example, Ashley Jackson, The Cost of War, Afghan Experiences of
Conflict, 1978–2009, Oxfam, 2009, p. 5. The research for this publication
was jointly designed and/or carried out by a number of aid organisations
including Afghan Civil Society Forum, Afghan Peace and Democracy, Association
for the Defence of Women's Rights et al.
[71]
Ashley Jackson, The Cost of War, Afghan Experiences of Conflict,
1978–2009, Oxfam, 2009, p. 28.
[72]
Ashley Jackson, The Cost of War, Afghan Experiences of Conflict,
1978–2009, Oxfam, 2009, p. 28.
[73]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, Report of the
Secretary-General, A/63/751–A/2009/135, 10 March 2009, paragraph 6.
[74]
The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the Accra Agenda for
Action, 2005 and 2008 respectively.
[75]
See observations made on the Paris 2008 Compact, the 2010 London and Kabul
conferences, paragraphs 3.11–3.17.
[76]
See for example, Dr Nematullah Bizhan, Committee Hansard, 4
December 2012, p. 23.
[77]
Ministry of Finance, Joint Evaluation of the Paris Declaration Phase 2:
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, 2012, p. 16.
[78]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 23.
[79]
Submission 5, p. 1.
[80]
Submission 18, p. [2].
[81]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 56.
[82]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 56.
[83]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 56.
[84]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 56.
[85]
UNFPA Afghanistan, Annual Report 2010–2011, p. 5.
[86]
See for example, Ashley Jackson, The Cost of War, Afghan Experiences of
Conflict, 1978–2009, Oxfam, 2009, p. 29.
[87]
Ms Lydia Khalil, Submission 20, p. [2].
[88]
See for example, Ashley Jackson, The Cost of War, Afghan Experiences of
Conflict, 1978–2009, Oxfam, 2009, p. 28.
[89]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 23.
[90]
Ashley Jackson, The Cost of War, Afghan Experiences of Conflict,
1978–2009, Oxfam, 2009, p. 14.
[91]
Afghan People's Dialogue on Peace, 'Laying the Foundations for an
Inclusive Peace Process', December 2011, p. 8.
[92]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 40.
[93]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, pp. 40–42.
[94]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 41.
[95]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley, 'Reconstruction:
A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The Afghanistan Conflict and
Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press, 2011, p. 77.
[96]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 7.
[97]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 7.
[98]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 30.
[99]
Submission 13, p. 7.
[100] Committee Hansard, 4
December 2012, p. 23.
[101] The World Bank, Afghanistan
in Transition: Looking Beyond 2014, vol. 1: Overview, May 2012, p. 1.
[102] Submission 20,
p. [1].
[103] Submission 20,
p. [2]. For quote see International Crisis Group, Aid and Conflict in
Afghanistan, Asia Report no. 210, 4 August 2011, p. i, http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/south-asia/afghanistan/210-%20Aid%20and%20Conflict%20in%20Afghanistan.pdf.
[104] Submission 14,
pp. 17–18.
[105] United States Government
Accountability Office, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Oversight and
Investigations, Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives,
Afghanistan USAID Oversight of Assistance Funds and Programs, p. 8.
Part II - The effectiveness of Australia's development assistance to Afghanistan
[1]
See AusAID Table 13.1. The OECD provides the figure of $191.1 million http://www.oecd.org/dac/aidstatistics/AUS.gif
(accessed 12 February 2013).
[2]
AusAID Annual Report 2011–12, p. 111. The corrected figure of
$191.1 million is contained in AusAID answer to question on notice no. 33. OECD
statistics record that Australia was placed tenth in the top donors of gross
ODA (2001–2011 average), http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/AFG.gif
(accessed 1 March 2013).
[3]
Communiqué, Kabul International Conference on Afghanistan, 20 July 2010,
paragraph 7.
[4]
Communiqué, Kabul International Conference on Afghanistan, 20 July 2010,
paragraph 8.
[5]
AusAID Afghanistan, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/southasia/afghanistan/Pages/home.aspx#aid
and http://www.ausaid.gov.au/Publications/Pages/artf-head-agreement.aspx
and letter agreement of 2003 between the World Bank and AusAID, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/southasia/afghanistan/Documents/artf-head-agreement.pdf
(accessed 10 September 2012).
[6]
The World Bank, 'National Solidarity Project: Promoting Community-Based
Development in Afghanistan', http://www.worldbank.org.af/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/AFGHANISTANEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22888068~menuPK:50003484~pagePK:2865066~piPK:2865079~theSitePK:305985,00.html
(accessed 10 September 2012).
[7]
Mr Dawson, Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10.
[8]
World Bank, Afghanistan Country Program Evaluation 2002–2011, Independent
Evaluation Group, The World Bank Group, 2013, p. 21.
[9]
The World Bank, Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFGHANISTAN/Resources/Afghanistan-Reconstructional-Trust-Fund/ARTF_information.pdf
(accessed 10 September 2012).
[10]
The recent Independent Evaluation Group's Afghanistan Country Program
Evaluation 2002–2011, p. 21, recorded that as of December 2011, the 32
donors had pledged $4.8 billion. See also Ms Browning who informed the
committee that 'Since its establishment in 2002 the Afghanistan Reconstruction
Trust Fund has successfully mobilised over $4 billion worth of assistance from
around 30 donors, including Australia, which has contributed $210 million since
2003'. Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10. See also The World
Bank, Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund, pp. 5 and 7, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFGHANISTAN/Resources/Afghanistan-Reconstructional-Trust-Fund/ARTF_information.pdf
(accessed 10 September 2012). According to US Government Accountability Office,
as of April 2011, 32 donors had contributed about $4.3 billion to ARTF. ARTF
provides these funds through the Afghan government national budget to finance
the government's recurrent operating costs and national development programs,
United States Government Accountability Office, Afghanistan: Actions
Needed to Improve Accountability of U.S. Assistance to Afghanistan Government, Report
to Congressional Addressees, July 2011, p. 5.
[11]
The World Bank, Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund, p. 1, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFGHANISTAN/Resources/Afghanistan-Reconstructional-Trust-Fund/ARTF_information.pdf
(accessed 10 September 2012).
[12]
The World Bank, 'National Solidarity Project: Promoting Community-Based
Development in Afghanistan', http://www.worldbank.org.af/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/AFGHANISTANEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22888068~menuPK:50003484~pagePK:2865066~piPK:2865079~theSitePK:305985,00.html
(accessed 10 September 2012). The World Bank, Afghanistan Reconstruction
Trust Fund, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFGHANISTAN/Resources/Afghanistan-Reconstructional-Trust-Fund/ARTF_information.pdf
(accessed 10 September 2012).
[13]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 15.
[14]
Mr Dawson, Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10.
[15]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10.
[16]
AusAID, Annual Report 2004–2005, p. 87 and AusAID, Annual Report
2005–06, pp. 93–94 and Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10.
[17]
AusAID Afghanistan, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/southasia/afghanistan/Pages/home.aspx#aid
(accessed 10 September 2012).
[18]
AusAID, Australia's strategic approach to aid in Afghanistan 2010–2012,
December 2010, pp. 7 and 9; Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012,
p. 10; and DFAT, Submission 22, p. 2.
[19]
See Table 15.1 in chapter 15 of this report.
[20]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10.
[21]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10.
[22]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10. See also comments by Ms
Browning who said the fund was 'one of the best ways we can provide effective
assistance in a fragile and conflict affected state'. Committee Hansard,
3 December 2012, p. 10.
[23]
Mr Dawson, Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10 and Mr Lehmann,
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 11.
[24]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 11.
[25]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 11.
[26]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 193.
[27]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 192.
[28]
AusAID Afghanistan, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/southasia/afghanistan/Pages/home.aspx#aid
(accessed 10 September 2012) and Committee Hansard, 3 December
2012, p. 10.
[29]
Phil Sparrow, In it for the long haul? Delivering Australian aid to
Afghanistan, ACFID Research in Development Series Report no. 1, March 2011,
p. 18.
[30]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10.
[31]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 192.
[32]
Mr Scott Dawson, Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10.
[33]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10.
[34]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10.
[35]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 198.
[36]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 216.
[37]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 192.
[38]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10.
[39]
Submission 14, p. 12.
[40]
Submission 13, p. 6.
[41]
Submission 14, p. 12.
[42]
Mr Dawson and Ms Browning, Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p.
10.
[43]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 65.
[44]
AusAID, Australia's strategic approach to aid in Afghanistan 2010–2012,
December 2010, p. 17.
[45]
AusAID, Australia's strategic approach to aid in Afghanistan 2010–2012,
December 2010, p. 17.
[46]
AusAID, Australia's strategic approach to aid in Afghanistan 2010–2012,
December 2010, p. 17.
[47]
Submission 14, p. 12. See also, Committee Hansard, 4
December 2012, p. 15.
[48]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 15. Professor Howes and Mr
Pryke noted further: 'Large pools of money (where disbursements and contracts
can reach millions of dollars) have more limited feedback mechanisms and
accountability and are more susceptible to patronage and corruption'. Professor
Howes noted that 'because of the World Bank involvement and the way it has been
organised, there is pretty good monitoring. You cannot guarantee that the
teacher turns up to school, but at least you can guarantee that they have a
salary'. Professor Howe and Mr Pryke, answer to written question on notice no.
5.
[49]
Submission 14, p. 12.
[50]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 15.
[51]
Submission 13, p. 7.
[52]
Professor Howes, Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 17.
[53]
The World Bank, 'National Solidarity Project: Promoting Community-Based
Development in Afghanistan', http://www.worldbank.org.af/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/AFGHANISTANEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22888068~menuPK:50003484~pagePK:2865066~piPK:2865079~theSitePK:305985,00.html
(accessed 10 September 2012).
[54]
The World Bank, 'National Solidarity Program III', http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,,contentMDK:22984153~pagePK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:223547,00.html
(accessed 1 March 2013).
[55]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 2 June 2009, p. 110.
[56]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 2 June 2009, p. 110.
[57]
The World Bank, 'Promoting Community-Based Development', http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/IDA/0,,contentMDK:21296643~menuPK:3266877~pagePK:51236175~piPK:437394~theSitePK:73154,00.html
(accessed 1 March 2013).
[58]
Afghanistan Country Program Evaluation 2002–2011, Independent
Evaluation Group, The World Bank Group, 2013, p. 60. Previous statistics showed
the NSP has established 26,395 CDCs in 34 provinces of Afghanistan, covering a
rural population of about 22 million. So far, approximately 24,862 communities
received financing to implement their priority subprojects. The World Bank,
'National Solidarity Project: Promoting Community-Based Development in
Afghanistan', http://www.worldbank.org.af/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/AFGHANISTANEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22888068~menuPK:50003484~pagePK:2865066~piPK:2865079~theSitePK:305985,00.html
(accessed 10 September 2012).
[59]
Andrew Beath, Fotini Christia and Ruben Enikolopov, Winning Hearts and
Minds through Development?, Evidence from a Field Experiment in
Afghanistan, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/07/12/000158349_20120712093251/Rendered/PDF/WPS6129.pdf
(accessed 10 September 2012).
[60]
Ministry of Finance, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Joint Evaluation
of the Paris Declaration Phase 2: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, 2010, p.
8.
[61]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 58 and Committee Hansard,
4 December 2012, p. 17.
[62]
Answer to written question on notice no. 5 (emphasis in original).
[63]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 6.
[64]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 11.
[65]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley, 'Reconstruction:
A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The Afghanistan Conflict and
Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press, 2011, p. 83.
[66]
UNDP Afghanistan website, http://www.undp.org.af/demo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62&Itemid=68
(accessed 4 February 2013).
[67]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 14.
[68]
Ms Michaela Browning, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012,
p. 14.
[69]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 38.
[70]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, pp. 39–40.
[71]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 14.
[72]
AusAID, answer to written question on notice no. 17.
[73]
Submission 6, p. 31.
[74]
Submission 6, p. 31.
[75]
Submission 6, p. 31.
[76]
Submission 6, p. 31.
[77]
Submission 6, p. 14.
[78]
Submission 6, p. 31.
[79]
Submission 6, p. 14.
[80]
Submission 6, pp. 14–15.
[81]
ACFID, In it for the long haul? Delivering Australian aid to
Afghanistan, ACFID Research in Development Series Report no. 1, March 2011,
p. 1. See also an earlier Oxfam study which found that internationally-administered
Trust Funds offer an effective means of minimising waste, Matt Waldman, Falling
short, Aid Effectiveness in Afghanistan, ACBAR Advocacy Series, March 2008,
p. 21.
[82]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 216.
[83]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 192.
[84]
Scanteam, Analysts and Advisors, ARTF at a Cross Roads: History and the
Future, Final Report, Oslo, September 2012, p. 1.
[85]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 11.
[86]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 14.
[87]
Submission 14, p. 13.
[88]
Submission 14, pp. 8 and 12.
[89]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 35.
[90]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 21.
[91]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 11 and Submission 22,
p. 2. See also Submission 14, p. 12.
[92]
Scanteam, Analysts and Advisors, ARTF at a Cross Roads: History and the
Future, Final Report, Oslo, September 2012, p. 2.
[93]
Scanteam, Analysts and Advisors, ARTF at a Cross Roads: History and the
Future, Final Report, Oslo, September 2012, p. 2.
[94]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 11.
Chapter 6 - International NGOs
[1]
AusAID, Australia's strategic approach to aid in Afghanistan
2010-2012, December 2010, p. 17.
[2]
AusAID answer to written question on notice no. 3. Professor Howes noted
that in general NGOs make up about 10 per cent of the Australian aid program
but he and his colleague, Mr Pryke, had seen figures suggesting that 23% of the
Afghanistan aid program goes through NGOs (9% to the International Red Cross,
14% to Australian and national NGOs in 2009 according to ACFID), Submission
14, p. 13.
[3]
AusAID, Annual Report 2002–2003, p. 64. For detail on projects
see paragraphs 3.22–3.25; AusAID, Annual Report 2004–2005, p. 87 and
AusAID, Annual Report 2005–06, pp. 93–94.
[4]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 31.
[5]
CGIAR website, http://www.cgiar.org/who-we-are/ and http://www.cgiar.org/cgiar-consortium/research-centers/international-center-for-agricultural-research-in-the-dry-areas-icarda/
[6]
Adel-El-Beltagy, Director General, ICARDA, Transcript, The Robert S.
McNamara Seminar: Agriculture, Growth and Human Security, the Role of
Agriculture and Agricultural Research in Generating Growth and Post Disaster
Reconstruction, 2 July 2003, p. 28.
[7]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 33.
[8]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 32.
[9]
AusAID, Annual Report 2011–2012, p, 115. The Australian
Multilateral Assessment has developed a multilateral rating system designed to
assess a number of multilateral organisations in relation to poverty
orientation and effect; capacity to make a difference; value for money; and alignment
with Australia’s development objectives.
[10]
Submission 6, p. 16.
[11]
AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, p. xiv, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/partner/Documents/ama-full-report.pdf
(accessed 5 February 2013).
[12]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 50 and Submission 14,
p. 13.
[13]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 53. See also paragraph
10.38.
[14]
Submission 15, p. 10.
[15]
Submission 6, pp. 4–5.
[16]
AusAID, Annual Report 2001–2002, p. 90; AusAID, Annual Report
2002–2003, p. 64; and Statement by the Hon. Alexander Downer MP, Minister
for Foreign Affairs, 'Australia's Overseas Aid Program 2002–03', 14 May 2002.
[17]
Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 13.
[18]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 49.
[19]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 49.
[20]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 49.
[21]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 49.
[22]
Submission 10, p. 1 and Committee Hansard, 4 December
2012, p. 50.
[23]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 40.
[24]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 35.
[25]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 35.
[26]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 206.
[27]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 165.
[28]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 50.
[29]
Submission 14, p. 13.
[30]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, pp. 13–14.
[31]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, pp. 13–14.
Chapter 7 - Uruzgan Province
[1]
See for example, Submission 20, p. [2] and AusAID, Annual
Report 2010–2011, p. 121.
[2]
AusAID, Annual Report 2008–2009, p. 113 and AusAID, Annual
Report 2009–2010, p. 112.
[3]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 2.
[4]
Submission 20, p. [1].
[5]
AusAID Afghanistan, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/southasia/afghanistan/Pages/home.aspx#aid
(accessed 10 September 2012) and AusAID, Annual Report 2010–2011,
p. 121. See also AusAID, answer to written question on notice no 8.
[6]
AusAID, Annual Report 2010–2011, p. 121. See also AusAID,
Afghanistan, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/southasia/afghanistan/Pages/home.aspx#aid
(accessed 10 September 2012).
[7]
AusAID, answer to written question on notice no. 8.
[8]
Defence answer to written question on notice no. 5(2).
[9]
Submission 22, pp. 3–4.
[10]
Submission 22, pp. 3–4.
[11]
A comprehensive list is provided in Department of Defence, Supplementary
Submission 17A.
[12]
Department of Defence, Defence Annual Report 2009–10, p. 56.
[13]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 21 October 2009, p. 33.
[14]
Statement by Senator the Hon Bob Carr, Minister for Foreign Affairs,
'Australia's International Development Assistance Program 2012–2013: Helping
the World's Poor: Implementing Effective Aid', 8 May 2012, Budget 2012–13, http://www.budget.gov.au/2012-13/content/ministerial_statement/ausaid/html1/ausaid.htm
(accessed 11 September 2012).
[15]
Mr Brendan Sargeant, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 3
December 2012, p. 49.
[16]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 14.
[17]
AusAID, Annual Report 2011-12, pp. 5 and 113.
[18]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 14.
[19]
AusAID, Annual Report 2011–2012, p. 113.
[20]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
April 2012, p. x, http://www.tloafghanistan.org/images/PDF_Provincial_District_and_Area_Assessments/2012%20APRIL%20TLO%20Uruzgan%20Report%20Mid%202010_%20End%202011.pdf
[21]
AusAID, Annual Report 2010–2011, pp. 3 and 122.
[22]
AusAID, Annual Report 2010–2011, p. 122.
[23]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. xi.
[24]
AusAID, Annual Report 2011–2012, p. 113.
[25]
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Afghanistan National Development
Strategy, 1387–1391 (2008–2013), A strategy for Security, Governance,
Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction, p. 161.
[26]
Department of Defence, Defence Annual Report 2010–11, p. 64.
[27]
Air Chief Marshal Angus Houston, Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade
Legislation Committee, Committee Hansard, Estimates, 31 May 2010, p. 20.
[28]
AusAID, Annual Report 2010–2011, p. 123.
[29]
AusAID, Annual Report 2010–2011, p. 123.
[30]
One of the interns, Abdul Sami, was appointed Director of the Directorate
of Electricity and Energy in Uruzgan. AusAID, Annual Report 2010–2011,
p. 123.
[31]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 29.
[32]
AusAID, Annual Report 2010–2011, p. 123.
[33]
AusAID, Annual Report 2010–2011, p. 122.
[34]
AFP, Media Release, 'AFP clarifies its commitment to Afghanistan', 1
January 2011.
[35]
Chief of the Defence Force, Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade
Legislation Committee, Committee Hansard, Estimates, 31 May 2010, p. 23.
[36]
AFP, Media Release, 'AFP clarifies its commitment to Afghanistan', 1
January 2011.
[37]
Chief of the Defence Force, Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade
Legislation Committee, Committee Hansard, Estimates, 31 May 2010, p. 22.
[38]
Submission 19, pp. 6–7.
[39]
AFP, Annual Report 2012–2011, p. 39.
[40]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. x.
[41]
Statement by Senator the Hon Bob Carr, Minister for Foreign Affairs,
'Australia's International Development Assistance Program 2012–2013: Helping
the World's Poor: Implementing Effective Aid', 8 May 2012, Budget 2012–13, http://www.budget.gov.au/2012-13/content/ministerial_statement/ausaid/html1/ausaid.htm
(accessed 11 September 2012). See also Department of Defence, Defence Annual
Report 2010–11, p. 4.
[42]
Department of Defence, Submission 17, p. [2].
[43]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 31 May 2010, p. 20.
[44]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 21 October 2009, p. 34.
[45]
Department of Defence, Defence Annual Report 2010–11, p. 64.
[46]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 17.
[47]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 17.
[48]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 17.
[49]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 17.
[50]
Afghan People's Dialogue on Peace, Laying the Foundations for an
Inclusive Peace Process, December 2011, p.9. Although tangible improvements
have been made in Uruzgan, Afghans from the province participating in the
People's Dialogue in 2011 'despaired of the conditions in which they live'.
They referred to the lack of markets for buying and selling products due to
poor roads connecting the districts; unavailability of adequate health care,
and the weak education system, including the poor capacity of teachers.
[51]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 30.
[52]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 284.
[53]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 20.
[54]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 20.
[55]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 20.
[56]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. xi.
[57]
Answer to question on notice no. 1 from 22 March 2013 hearing.
[58]
AusAID, answer to written question on notice no. 1 following 22 March 2013
hearing. AusAID's answer provides statistics for all provinces in Afghanistan,
see appendix 4.
[59]
Submission 14, pp. 13–14.
[60]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 18.
[61]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 16.
[62]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, pp. 17–18.
[63]
See for example, Submission 20, p. 4.
[64]
Answer to written question on notice, no. 3.
[65]
There are no reliable statistics on the various ethnic groups in Afghanistan.
See Dr Bizhan, answer to written question on notice, no. 3. Afghanistan's
constitution identifies the following ethnic groups in Afghanistan: Pashtun,
Tajik, Hazara, Uzbak, Turkman, Baluch, Pashai, Nuristani, Aymaq, Arab, Qirghiz,
Qizilbash, Gujur, Brahwui and others.
[66]
TLO, Three Years later; A socio-political assessment of Uruzgan
Province from 2006 to 2009, 18 September 2009, pp. 3–4.
[67]
TLO, The Dutch Engagement in Uruzgan: 2006 to 2010, August
2010, p. 28.
[68]
Phil Sparrow, In it for the long haul? Delivering Australian aid to
Afghanistan, ACFID Research in Development Series Report no. 1, March 2011,
pp. 16–17.
[69]
Mr Jim McMurchy also noted that some projects have seen 'the military
support (tacit or otherwise) of some fearsome warlords and their militia, as an
extra layer of security or promise of safe passage on the roads', Submission
18, p. [2].
[70]
Submission 14, p. 17.
[71]
Submission 4, p. [4].
[72]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley, 'Reconstruction:
A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The Afghanistan Conflict and
Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press, 2011, p. 90.
[73]
Submission 13, p. 5.
[74]
Submission 13, pp. 5–6. The TLO Profile noted the
appointment of 'strongman Matiullah Khan as Provincial Chief of Police and the
security gains under his leadership', TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the
Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover, A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012,
p. xiv.
[75]
Department of Defence, Defence statement to ABC Four Corners program 'In
Their Sights', 5 September 2011, dated 6 September 2011, http://news.defence.gov.au/2011/09/06/defence-statement-to-abc-four-corners-program-in-their-sights-5-september-2011/
(accessed 7 January 2013).
[76]
Department of Defence, Defence statement to ABC Four Corners program 'In
Their Sights', 5 September 2011, dated 6 September, 2011, http://news.defence.gov.au/2011/09/06/defence-statement-to-abc-four-corners-program-in-their-sights-5-september-2011/
(accessed 7 January 2013).
[77]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 31.
[78]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 9.
[79]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 9.
[80]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley, 'Reconstruction:
A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The Afghanistan Conflict and
Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press, 2011, p. 90.
[81]
See Dr Bizhan, answer to written question on notice, no. 3.
[82]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 24.
[83]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 24.
[84]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 24.
[85]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, pp. 23–24.
[86]
Answer to written question on notice, no. 3.
[87]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 25.
[88]
Answer to written question on notice, no. 2.
[89]
See TLO, Submission 7. The TLO informed the committee that
the contract termination 'may have been somewhat unfortunate given that it cost
around 130 Afghan employees (a majority based in Uruzgan province) their jobs
and life subsistence'.
[90]
Answer to written question on notice, no. 6.
Chapter 8 - Civil/Military development assistance
[1]
AusAID, Australia's strategic approach to aid in Afghanistan
2010–2012, December 2010, p. 3.
[2]
AusAID Afghanistan, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/southasia/afghanistan/Pages/home.aspx#aid
(accessed 10 September 2012).
[3]
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Ministry of Finance, Joint
Evaluation of the Paris Declaration: Phase 2: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan,
2010, Baawar Consulting Group, p. 8.
[4]
Submission 23, p. [1–2].
[5]
Submission 23, p. [1].
[6]
Submission 23, p. [1].
[7]
Submission 14, p. 15.
[8]
See for example, United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council,
A/56/100–S/2002/737, 11 July 2002, paragraph 61.United Nations, General
Assembly, Security Council, A/60/224–S/2005/525, 12 August 2005,
paragraph 60 and 'SAS put on the squeeze', Army The Soldiers' Newspaper, 28 March
2002, http://www.defence.gov.au/news/armynews/editions/1047/story02.htm
(accessed 15 October 2012).
[9]
Submission 16, p. 13.
[10]
Asia Pacific Defence Reporter, 'The Australian Army has certainly
evolved a very strong COIN doctrine', Exclusive Interview with General Peter
Cosgrove, 1 September 2010 http://www.asiapacificdefencereporter.com/articles/78/The-Australian-Army-has-certainly-evolved-a-very-strong-COIN-doctrine
(accessed 30 August 2012).
[11]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 21 October 2009, p. 34. See paragraphs 7.7–7.8
of this report.
[12]
Submission 17, p. [2].
[13]
Senator the Hon John Faulkner, Minister for Defence, Ministerial Statement
on Afghanistan, 23 June 2010 and Senate Hansard, 23 June 2010, p.
4185.
[14]
Senator the Hon John Faulkner, Minister for Defence, Ministerial Statement
on Afghanistan, Senate Debates, 23 June 2010, http://www.openaustralia.org/senate/?id=2010-06-23.158.2
(accessed 3 December 2012).
[15]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, pp. 48–49.
[16]
TLO, The Dutch Engagement in Uruzgan: 2006 to 2010, August 2010,
p. 53.
[17]
TLO, Three Years Later: A socio-political assessment of Uruzgan
Province from 2006–2009, 18 September 2009, p. 16.
[18]
TLO, The Dutch Engagement in Uruzgan: 2006 to 2010, August 2010,
p. 50.
[19]
TLO, The Dutch Engagement in Uruzgan: 2006 to 2010, August 2010,
p. 50.
[20]
TLO, The Dutch Engagement in Uruzgan: 2006 to 2010, August 2010,
p. 50.
[21]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 9.
[22]
Submission 4, p. [4].
[23]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley, 'Reconstruction:
A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The Afghanistan Conflict and
Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press, 2011, p. 91.
[24]
Submission 6, p. 12. The study was Ashley Jackson, Quick
Impact, Quick Collapse: The Dangers of Militarized Aid in Afghanistan,
Oxfam International et al, 2010, p. 1.
[25]
Submission 2, pp. 2–3.
[26]
See Submission 18, p. [2], Submission 23, p.
[1] and paragraphs 7.27–7.34.
[27]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley, 'Reconstruction:
A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The Afghanistan Conflict and
Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press, 2011, p. 91.
[28]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley, 'Reconstruction:
A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The Afghanistan Conflict and
Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press, 2011, p. 91 (emphasis in
original).
[29]
Submission 4, p. [4] and Committee Hansard, 4
December 2012, pp. 9–10.
[30]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley, 'Reconstruction:
A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The Afghanistan Conflict and
Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press, 2011, p. 91.
[31]
Submission 18, p. [2].
[32]
Submission 23, p. [1].
[33]
Submission 23, p. [1].
[34]
Submission 23, p. [2].
[35]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 46.
[36]
Submission 23, p. [2].
[37]
Submission 6, p. 12.
[38]
Quick Impact, Quick Collapse, the Dangers of Militarized Aid in
Afghanistan. This paper is paraphrased from a speech given by Kai Eide to
the UN Security Council on 3 January 2010.
[39]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 36.
[40]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, pp. 18 and 20.
[41]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 25.
[42]
Submission 23, p. [1].
[43]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 24.
[44]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 41.
[45]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 9.
[46]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, pp. 30–31.
[47]
Submission 6, p. 12. AID/WATCH also voiced concern about
risks to the safety of communities as projects are drawn into existing
conflicts and become targets. Submission 23, p. [1].
[48]
Submission 6, p. 12. The quote taken from Oxfam, Whose
Aid is it Anyway? Politicizing aid in conflicts and crises, 124 Oxfam
Briefing Paper—Summary, p. 2.
[49]
Submission 6, p. 12.
[50]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 13.
[51]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 13.
[52]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 13.
[53]
Submission 6, p. 12; Submission 23, p. 1.
[54]
Submission 4, p. [4].
[55]
Submission 8, p. 1.
[56]
Submission 2, p. 2.
[57]
AID/WATCH, Submission 23, p. [1].
[58]
Mr Bryant, Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 43.
[59]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 46.
[60]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 36.
[61]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 41.
[62]
See for example, Professor Howes and Mr Pryke, Submission 14,
p. 13.
[63]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 24.
[64]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 24.
[65]
Submission 21, p. 5.
[66]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 55.
[67]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 52.
[68]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 52.
[69]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 54.
[70]
See Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs,
Defence and Trade, Australia's involvement in peacekeeping operations, August
2008.
[71]
See Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Australia's
involvement in peacekeeping operations, August 2008.
[72]
Submission 23, p. [2].
[73]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 52.
Chapter 9 - Case Studies
[1]
See Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, United Nations Development
Programme Afghanistan, AliceGhan, Project ID 00051619.
[2]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 16 February 2012, p. 153 and AusAID, answer to written
question on notice no 16.
[3]
The name AliceGhan derives from a combination of 'Alice Springs, a city
in Australia which has a strong connection with Afghan migrants' and
'Afghanistan' symbolising the partnership and commitment of Australia and
Afghanistan to realise the resettlement project. See explanation given in
UNDP, Urban Development Group Programme, AliceGhan Project Document, Annual
Work Plan of 2009. See also United Nations Development Programme Afghanistan, Annual
Project Report [2007] [AliceGhan Project], September 2006–December 2008,
p. 5.
[4]
See Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, United Nations Development
Programme Afghanistan, AliceGhan, Project ID 00051619 and United Nations
Development Programme, Afghanistan, AliceGhan, 2nd Quarter Project Progress
Report, 2009.
[5]
DIAC, answer to question taken on notice no. 4.
[6]
United Nations Development Programme, Afghanistan, AliceGhan, 2nd Quarter
Project Progress Report, 2009, p. 4.
[7]
United Nations Development Programme, Afghanistan, AliceGhan, 2nd Quarter
Project Progress Report, 2009, p. 4.
[8]
United Nations Development Programme, Afghanistan, AliceGhan, 2nd Quarter
Project Progress Report, 2009, p. 4.
[9]
Submission 9, p. 5.
[10]
Nassim Majidi, 'Urban Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons in
Afghanistan', Middle East Institute, January 2011, p. 11.
[11]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 13 February 2012, pp. 103–104.
[12]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, pp. 29–30.
[13]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 41.
[14]
Answer to written question on notice, no. 4, p. 5.
[15]
Nassim Majidi, 'Urban Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons in
Afghanistan', Middle East Institute, January 2011, p. 11.
[16]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 30.
[17]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 31 May 2012, p. 86.
[18]
AusAID, answer to written question on notice no 16.
[19]
AusAID, answer to written question on notice no. 15.
[20]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 42.
[21]
AusAID, answer to written question on notice no. 15.
[22]
AusAID, answer to written question on notice no. 15 and additional answer
to question taken, no. 8, following 22 March 2013 hearing.
[23]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 1.
[24]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 1.
[25]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, pp. 1–2.
[26]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 2.
[27]
See website, http://gevans.org/
(accessed 12 December 2012).
[28]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 2.
[29]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 3.
[30]
Supplementary submission 4A, p. [1].
[31]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 3.
[32]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 4.
[33]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 4.
[34]
Supplementary Submission 4A, paragraph 6.
[35]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 8.
[36]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 8.
[37]
Supplementary submission 4A, p. [1].
[38]
Supplementary submission 4A, p. [1].
[39]
Supplementary submission 4A, p. [1].
[40]
Supplementary submission 4A, p. [1].
[41]
Answer to written question on notice no. 2.
[42]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 14 February 2013, p. 95.
[43]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 14 February 2013, p. 95.
[44]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 14 February 2013, p. 95.
[45]
See AusAID's answer to written question on notice no. 31.
[46]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 12.
[47]
John Eyers, Aid to fragile and conflict-affected countries: a review of
the literature and Australia's approach, ANU, Development Policy Centre,
Discussion Paper 21, July 2012, p. 25.
[48]
See for example, Asian Development Bank, Islamic Republic of
Afghanistan, Country Assistance Program Evaluation, 2012, pp. 10–11;
IMF, 'Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Program note', last updated: July 12,
2012, http://www.imf.org/external/np/country/notes/afghanistan.htm
(accessed 26 October 2012); TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the
Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover, A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012,
pp. 13–27.
[49]
AusAID, Submission 16, p. 7 and footnote 51 below.
[50]
See for example, Towards Self-Reliance, Strategic Vision for the
Transformation Decade, 2.2 Draft, 12 June 2012, p. 3; UNFPA
Afghanistan, Annual Report 2010–2011, Introduction; and TLO, Uruzgan: 18
months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover, A TLO Provincial
Profile, April 2012, p. 8.
[51]
See for example: Save the Children, Oxfam and World Vision Australia, Submission
6, pp. 17, 21–22, 26 and 31; Caritas, Submission 10, pp.
2–3; ActionAid, Submission 11, p. 3; CARE, Submission 15,
p. 2; AusAID, Submission 16, p. 11; Mr Jim McMurchy, Submission
18, pp. [1–2]; Lydia Khalil, Submission 20, p. [1];
DFAT, Submission 22, pp. 3–4.
[52]
Submission 10, p. 2.
[53]
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Millennium Development Goals 2010
Report, October 2010, p. 7; and Matt Waldman, Falling Short, Aid
Effectiveness in Afghanistan, ACBAR Advocacy Series, March 2008, p. 2. See
also AusAID, Annual Report 2009–2010, p. 114 and footnotes 49, 51 and 52
above.
Part III -
[1]
See UNDP, 'Millennium Development Goals in Afghanistan, http://www.undp.org.af/demo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62&Itemid=68
(accessed 30 August 2012) and Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Afghanistan
National Development Strategy 1387–1391 (2008–2013), p. 5.
[2]
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Afghanistan National Development
Strategy 1387–1391 (2008–2013), p. i.
[3]
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Millennium Development Goals 2010
Report, October 2010, p. 12. See also UNDP, Millennium Development Goals in
Afghanistan—Afghanistan MDGs Overview, http://www.undp.org.af/undp/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62&Itemid=68
(accessed 2 January 2013).
[4]
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, Lisbon Summit Declaration, 20
November 2010.
[5]
The International Afghanistan Conference in Bonn, 'Afghanistan and the
International Community: From Transition to the Transformation Decade', 5
December 2011, paragraph 13.
[6]
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Chicago Summit Declaration on
Afghanistan, 21 May 2012.
[7]
Ms Jennifer Rawson, Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 3.
[8]
Prime Minister, the Hon Julia Gillard MP, Statement to the House of
Representatives—'Progress in transition, preparation for the future', 31
October 2012, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/statement-house-representatives-%E2%80%9Cprogress-transition-preparation-future%E2%80%9D
(accessed 1 November 2012).
[9]
Submission 17, p. [1].
[10]
Ms Jennifer Rawson, Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 3.
[11]
Submission 20, p. 4; and Prime Minister, the Hon Julia
Gillard MP, Statement to the House of Representatives—'Progress in transition,
preparation for the future', 31 October 2012.
[12]
Prime Minister, the Hon Julia Gillard MP, Statement to the House of
Representatives—'Progress in transition, preparation for the future', 31
October 2012.
[13]
Prime Minister, the Hon Julia Gillard MP, Statement to the House of
Representatives—'Progress in transition, preparation for the future', 31
October 2012. See also DFAT answer to written question on notice no. 1.
[14]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/66/855–S/2012/462,
Report of the Secretary-General, 20 June 2012, paragraph 13.
[15]
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Press Conference, 21 May 2012.
[16]
The Hon Stephen Smith, Minister for Defence, Transcript, Press Conference,
'Minister for Defence—Press Conference—Perth', 15 January 2013, http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/2013/01/15/minister-for-defence-press-conference-perth-4/
(accessed 16 January 2013).
[17]
Submission 17, p. [1] and The Hon Stephen Smith, Minister for
Defence, Press Release, 'Minister for Defence—Uruzgan province begins
transition', 17 July 2012, http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/2012/07/17/minister-for-defence-uruzgan-province-begins-transition/
(accessed 16 January 2013).
[18]
Submission 17, p. [1].
[19]
Prime Minister, the Hon Julia Gillard MP, Statement to the House of Representatives—'Progress
in transition, preparation for the future', 31 October 2012.
[20]
Stephen Smith, Minister for Defence,Media Release, 'Minister for Defence
Stephen Smith—Australia ready to lead ISAF Combined Team—Uruzgan (CTU)', 11
September 2012, http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/2012/09/11/minister-for-defence-stephen-smith-australia-ready-to-lead-isaf-combined-team-%e2%80%93-uruzgan-ctu/
(accessed 18 September 2012).
[21]
Submission 17, pp. [1–2]; Committee Hansard, 3
December 2012, pp. 48–49; Submission 20, p. [3].
[22]
The Hon Stephen Smith, Minister for Defence, Transcript, Press Conference,
'Minister for Defence—Press Conference—Perth', 15 January 2013, http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/2013/01/15/minister-for-defence-press-conference-perth-4/
(accessed 16 January 2013).
[23]
UNHCR, '2012 UNHCR country operations profile—Afghanistan', http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/page?page=49e486eb6
(accessed 18 September 2012).
[24]
United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, Afghanistan Annual
Report 2011, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, February 2012, p. 1.
[25]
United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, Afghanistan Annual
Report 2011, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, February 2012, p.
2.
[26]
United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, Afghanistan Annual
Report 2012, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, February 2013, pp.
1 and 10.
[27]
United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, Afghanistan Annual
Report 2011, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, February 2012, p.
7.
[28]
United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, Afghanistan Annual
Report 2012, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, February 2013, p.
13.
[29]
Afghan People's Dialogue on Peace, 'Laying the Foundations for an
Inclusive Peace Process', December 2011, p. 5. See also Professor Gordon,
London School of Economics, Oral Evidence taken before the International
Development Select Committee, 3 July 2012.
[30]
ADB, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Country Assistance Program
Evaluation, Independent Evaluation CE–28, 2012–2013, paragraphs 36, 38 and 92.
[31]
Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, Afghanistan Looking Ahead:
Challenges for Governance and Community Welfare, Research briefs for the
2011 Bonn Conference, p. 18.
[32]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/67/354–S/2012/703,
13 September 2012, paragraph 62.
[33]
UNHCR, '2012 UNHCR country operations profile—Afghanistan', http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/page?page=49e486eb6
(accessed 18 September 2012). See also ADB, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan,
Country Assistance Program Evaluation, Independent Evaluation CE–28,
2012–2013, paragraph 10. The evaluation observed that armed conflict continued
and concerns existed that 'security conditions could worsen with the slated
departure of the international military force'.
[34]
UNHCR, '2013 UNHCR country operations profile—Afghanistan', http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/page?page=49e486eb6
(accessed 6 March 2013).
[35]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. x.
[36]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 115. It cited the destruction of the
AWCC cell tower and the new Etisalat transmitter in Shah Mansur village and in
July the RTA building, p. 46.
[37]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 115.
[38]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, pp. xiii and 116.
[39]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 116.
[40]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 125.
[41]
See for example, Professor Howes and Jonathon Pryke, Submission 14,
p. 3 and answer to written question on notice, no. 2.
[42]
Submission 10, p. 4.
[43]
Submission 15, p. 2.
[44]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 1.
[45]
Submission 4, p. [5].
[46]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 12.
[47]
Submission 22, p. 1.
[48]
DFAT, answer to written question on notice no. 1.
[49]
Submission 22, p. 1.
[50]
Answer to written question on notice no. 11.
[51]
Answer to written question on notice no. 11.
[52]
Answer to written question on notice no. 11 and Prime Minister, the Hon
Julia Gillard MP, Statement to the House of Representatives—'Progress in
transition, preparation for the future', 31 October 2012, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/statement-house-representatives-%E2%80%9Cprogress-transition-preparation-future%E2%80%9D
(accessed 1 November 2012).
[53]
See also DIAC, Submission 9, p. 3.
[54]
See also DIAC, Submission 9, p. 3.
Chapter 11 - Safety of aid workers and Australian civilian personnel
[1]
See for example UNHCR, '2012 UNHCR country operations profile—Afghanistan',
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/page?page=49e486eb6
(accessed 18 September 2012).
[2]
Abby Stoddad, Adele Harmer and Morgan Hughes, Aid Worker Security
Report 2012, Host states and their impact on security for humanitarian
operations, Humanitarian Outcomes, December 2012, pp. 3–4.
[3]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership
Handover, A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 8.
[4]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership
Handover, A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 8.
[5]
See comments by Caritas and CARE Australia, Chapter 6, paragraphs
6.12–6.13.
[6]
Phil Sparrow, In it for the long haul? Delivering Australian aid to
Afghanistan, ACFID Research in Development Series Report no. 1, March 2011,
p. 21.
[7]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 54.
[8]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 54.
[9]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 42.
[10]
See for example, Submission 2, p. 1 and Submission 16,
p. 9.
[11]
Professor Maley noted the extreme difficulty when undertaking
reconstruction in an environment where basic security is absent including
increased risk to the beneficiaries of reconstruction projects, in ways that
can be life-threatening. Attachment to Submission 4, William
Maley, 'Reconstruction: A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The
Afghanistan Conflict and Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press,
2011, p. 91.
[12]
See for example, Ministry of Finance, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Joint
Evaluation of the Paris Declaration Phase 2: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan,
2010, p. 7. It stated that insecurity impedes appropriate utilization of
aid and achievement of development results.
[13]
Ministry of Finance, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Joint Evaluation
of the Paris Declaration Phase 2: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, 2010, p.
7. According to Christian Aid ‘Ethnic and regional tensions are once more on
the increase with ethnic bloc parties re-emerging and Afghans fearing ethnic
warfare once international troops depart'. Christian Aid, written evidence to
UK Select Committee, paragraph 3.5.
[14]
Submission 16, p. 8.
[15]
Submission 16, pp. 8–9.
[16]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley, 'Reconstruction:
A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The Afghanistan Conflict and
Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press, 2011, p. 91.
[17]
Submission 17, p. [4].
[18]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 31 May 2012, p. 79 and Independent Review of Aid
Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 268.
[19]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, pp. 268–269.
[20]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, pp. 11 and
143.
[21]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 143.
[22]
Submission 1, p. 2.
[23]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 34.
[24]
Submission 16, p. 9.
[25]
Assistant Commissioner Mandy Newton, AFP, Committee Hansard, 3
December 2012, p. 41.
[26]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 38.
[27]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 40.
[28]
See Mr Dawson, Mr Lehmann, Ms Rawson and Mr Sargeant, Committee Hansard,
3 December 2012, pp. 6, 19 and 48.
[29]
Submission 17, p. [4] and Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence
and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee Hansard, Estimates, 3 June
2010, p. 51.
[30]
Submission 17, p. [4].
[31]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 3.
[32]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 31 May 2012, p. 80.
[33]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 7 and Senate Foreign
Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee Hansard,
Estimates, 31 May 2012, p. 80. See also Submission 16, p. 9.
[34]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee
Hansard, Estimates, 3 June 2010, p. 48.
[35]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 7.
[36]
Submission 4, p. [5].
[37]
DFAT, answer to written question on notice no. 14.
[38]
The term 'at the greatest risk of harm' is used in the Joint media release
by the Hon Chris Bowen MP—Minister for Immigration and Citizenship and the Hon Stephen
Smith MP—Minister for Defence, 'Visa policy for at-risk Afghan employees', 13
December 2012, http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/cb/2012/cb192423.htm
(accessed 17 December 2012).
Chapter 12 - Development assistance
[1]
The ADB noted that Afghanistan would face additional security and
budgetary challenges with the planned withdrawal of foreign troops in 2014 and
the gradual reduction in foreign support that its development partners have
forecast. ADB, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Country Assistance
Program Evaluation, Independent Evaluation CE–28, 2012–13, paragraph 169.
[2]
The International Afghanistan Conference in Bonn, 'Afghanistan and the
International Community: From Transition to the Transformation Decade',
Conference conclusions, 5 December 2011, paragraph 5.
[3]
The International Afghanistan Conference in Bonn, 'Afghanistan and the
International Community: From Transition to the Transformation Decade',
Conference conclusions, 5 December 2011, paragraph 30.
[4]
The International Afghanistan Conference in Bonn, 'Afghanistan and the
International Community: From Transition to the Transformation Decade',
Conference conclusions, 5 December 2011, paragraph 21.
[5]
Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, Afghanistan Looking Ahead,
Challenges for Governance and Community Welfare, Research Briefs for the
2011 Bonn Conference, December 2011, p. 4.
[6]
The International Afghanistan Conference in Bonn, 'Afghanistan and the
International Community: From Transition to the Transformation Decade',
Conference conclusions, 5 December 2011, paragraph 22.
[7]
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Chicago Summit Declaration on
Afghanistan, issued by the Heads of State and Government of Afghanistan and
Nations contributing to the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force
(ISAF), 21 May 2012, paragraph 1.
[8]
Preamble, Tokyo Conference on Afghanistan, The Tokyo Declaration,
'Partnership for Self-Reliance in Afghanistan from Transition to
Transformation', 8 July 2012, paragraph 1.
[9]
Tokyo Mutual Accountability Framework, 8 July 2012.
[10]
DFAT, Submission 22, p. 4 and Ms Jennifer Rawson, Committee
Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 3.
[11]
IMF, Program note, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, last updated: July 12,
2012, http://www.imf.org/external/np/country/notes/afghanistan.htm
(accessed 26 October 2012).
[12]
See for example, IMF, Program note, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, last
updated: July 12, 2012, http://www.imf.org/external/np/country/notes/afghanistan.htm
(accessed 26 October 2012).
[13]
The World Bank, Afghanistan in Transition: Looking Beyond 2014, vol.
2, Main Report, May 2012, p. 1.
[14]
The World Bank, Afghanistan in Transition: Looking Beyond 2014, vol.
2, Main Report, May 2012, p. 4.
[15]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/67/354–S/2012/703,
13 September 2012, paragraph 54. The Secretary-General spoke of
closing nine provincial offices, a reduction of approximately 25 per cent of
the authorized international and national staff (629 positions) and an
adjustment to the Mission's logistical support, a revision downward of
authorized number of military and police advisers. He noted further, 'National
reach remains at the core of the Mission's mandated activities, but will now be
carried out more flexibly, with regional offices functioning as hubs with
logistical and substantive capacity to cover adjacent provinces, wherever
possible', paragraph 55.
[16]
The World Bank, Afghanistan in Transition: Beyond 2014, vol. 2:
Main Report, May 2012, p. 60. See also DFAT, answer to written question on
notice no. 2.
[17]
The World Bank, Afghanistan in Transition: Beyond 2014, vol. 2:
Main Report, May 2012, p. 61.
[18]
The World Bank, Afghanistan in Transition: Beyond 2014, vol. 2:
Main Report, May 2012, p. 61.
[19]
ADB, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Country Assistance Program
Evaluation, Independent Evaluation CE–28, 2012–2013, p. xiii.
[20]
ADB, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Country Assistance Program
Evaluation, Independent Evaluation CE–28, 2012–2013, Preface.
[21]
ADB, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Country Assistance Program
Evaluation, Independent Evaluation CE–28, 2012–2013, paragraph 167.
[22]
See for example, Save the Children, Oxfam and World Vision Australia, Submission
6, pp. 31–32; Caritas, Submission 10, p. 4.
[23]
Mr Paul Lehmann, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 5.
[24]
Submission 6, pp. 31–32.
[25]
Submission 10, p. 4. See also Mercy Corps, which foresees two
significant likely economic consequences to the military drawdown: a
significant reduction in Afghanistan’s GNI from the fall in the spending power
of NATO-led forces and the fact that security is likely to become a more urgent
issue. Mercy Corps, written evidence to UK Select Committee p. [1].
[26]
See for example, the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, Afghanistan
Looking Ahead: Challenges for Governance and Community Welfare, Research
briefs for the 2011 Bonn Conference, 'Local Governance for Local Needs', p. 4.
[27]
See for example, Submission 16, p. 7.
[28]
Submission 22, p. 1.
[29]
Submission 22, p. 1.
[30]
Prime Minister, the Hon Julia Gillard MP, Statement to the House of
Representatives—'Progress in transition, preparation for the future', 31
October 2012, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/statement-house-representatives-%E2%80%9Cprogress-transition-preparation-future%E2%80%9D
(accessed 1 November 2012).
[31]
Prime Minister of Australia, the Hon Julia Gillard MP, 'Vital aid assistance
for Afghanistan', 20 May 2012, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/vital-aid-assistance-afghanistan
(accessed 10 September 2012).
[32]
Prime Minister, the Hon Julia Gillard MP, Statement to the House of Representatives—'Progress
in transition, preparation for the future', 31 October 2012, see footnote 30
above.
[33]
Prime Minister, the Hon Julia Gillard MP, Statement to the House of Representatives—'Progress
in transition, preparation for the future', 31 October 2012, see footnote 30
above. See also Memorandum of Understanding, 'Development Framework Agreement',
between the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the
Government of Australia, 2012–2017, p. 4, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/southasia/afghanistan/Documents/aus-afghanistan-development-framework-agreement-2012-17.pdf
(accessed 18 January 2013).
[34]
Prime Minister, the Hon Julia Gillard MP, Statement to the House of Representatives—'Progress
in transition, preparation for the future', 31 October 2012, see footnote 30
above.
[35]
In Dr Bizhan's assessment, Afghanistan's future appeared gloomy unless the
international community provided a sizable package of international assistance
to make up for its military withdrawal and the Afghan government managed the
transition well. Submission 13, p. 3.
[36]
Submission 4, p. [5].
[37]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 14.
[38]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 40.
[39]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 7.
[40]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 36.
[41]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 24.
[42]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 36.
[43]
See the committee's discussion on the contribution of NGOs in chapter 6.
[44]
Scanteam, Analysts and Advisors, ARTF at a Cross Roads: History and the
Future, Final Report, Oslo, September 2012, p. 2.
[45]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 149.
[46]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley, 'Reconstruction:
A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The Afghanistan Conflict and
Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press, 2011, p. 93.
[47]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley, 'Reconstruction:
A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The Afghanistan Conflict and
Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press, 2011, p. 93.
[48]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 57.
[49]
Submission 13, p. 1.
[50]
Submission 13, p. 2.
Chapter 13 - Protecting the gains—education
[1]
Memorandum of Understanding, 'Development Framework
Agreement', between the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and
the Government of Australia, 2012–2017, p. 4, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/southasia/afghanistan/Documents/aus-afghanistan-development-framework-agreement-2012-17.pdf
(accessed 18 January 2013).
[2]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 11.
[3]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 37.
[4]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 37.
[5]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 37.
[6]
Submission 5, p. 1.
[7]
Submission 5, p. 1.
[8]
Submission 13, p. 2.
[9]
Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, Fifth Report:
Situation of Economic and Social Rights in Afghanistan, November/December
2011, p. 90.
[10]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, pp. 39–40.
[11]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 60.
[12]
Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, Fifth Report:
Situation of Economic and Social Rights in Afghanistan, November/December
2011, pp. 90–92.
[13]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 9.
[14]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 9.
[15]
AusAID, answer to written question on notice no. 14.
[16]
Submission 16, p. 41.
[17]
AusAID Submission 16, pp. 32–33.
[18]
AusAID, Annual Report 2010–2011, p. 121.
[19]
AusAID Submission 16, pp. 32–33.
[20]
Prime Minister of Australia, the Hon Julia Gillard MP, Media Release,
Australian-Malaysian Joint Statement, 3 March 2011, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/australian-malaysian-joint-statement
(accessed 3 January 2013).
[21]
AusAID, Annual Report 2010–2011, p. 122.
[22]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 14.
[23]
Save the Children website, 'About Children of Uruzgan', http://www.savethechildren.org.au/emergency/cou/about-children-of-uruzgan/
(accessed 15 January 2013).
[24]
Save the Children website, 'About Children of Uruzgan', http://www.savethechildren.org.au/emergency/cou/about-children-of-uruzgan/
(accessed 15 January 2013).
[25]
Save the Children website, 'About Children of Uruzgan', http://www.savethechildren.org.au/emergency/cou/about-children-of-uruzgan/
(access 15 January 2013).
[26]
Save the Children website, 'About Children of Uruzgan', http://www.savethechildren.org.au/emergency/cou/about-children-of-uruzgan/
(access 15 January 2013).
[27]
Save the Children website, 'About Children of Uruzgan', http://www.savethechildren.org.au/emergency/cou/about-children-of-uruzgan/
(access 15 January 2013).
Chapter 14 - Rural development and food security
[1]
Submission 11, p. 11.
[2]
See for examples comments by Adel-El-Beltagy, Director General, ICARDA,
in The Robert S. McNamara Seminar: Agriculture, Growth and Human Security, The
Role of Agriculture and Agricultural Research in Generating Growth and Post
Disaster Reconstruction, Transcript, 2 July 2003, p. 28.
[3]
Save the Children, Oxfam and World Vision Australia, Submission 6,
p. 17 and ActionAid, Submission 11, p. 10.
[4]
Submission 6, pp. 17–18.
[5]
Submission 1, Attachment A, p. 1.
[6]
Submission 1, Attachment A, p. 1.
[7]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 33.
[8]
ADB, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Country Assistance Program
Evaluation, Independent Evaluation CE–28, 2012–2013, paragraph 22.
[9]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, pp. 32–33.
[10]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 31.
[11]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 31.
[12]
Submission 1, p. 2 and ACIAR, Annual Report 2002–03, p.
53.
[13]
ACIAR, Annual Report 2003–04, pp. 67–68.
[14]
Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 155.
[15]
Caritas Australia, Submission 10, p. 2 and Save the
Children, Oxfam and World Vision Australia, Submission 6, pp.
17–18.
[16]
Submission 11, p. 9.
[17]
Submission 10, p. 2.
[18]
Submission 6, p. 18.
[19]
Submission 6, pp. 17–18.
[20]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 23.
[21]
TLO, Uruzgan: 18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover,
A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, p. 28.
[22]
Submission 6, p. 18.
[23]
Submission 6, p. 18.
[24]
Submission 11, p. 9.
[25]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 58.
[26]
Answer to written question on notice no. 3.
[27]
Answer to written question on notice no. 2.
[28]
Submission 6, p. 18.
[29]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 58.
[30]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 59.
[31]
Submission 6, p. 20.
[32]
Submission 6, p. 20.
[33]
Submission 6, p. 20.
[34]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 36.
[35]
Submission 10, pp. 2 and 4 and Committee Hansard, 4
December 2012, p. 50.
[36]
Submission 11, p. 10.
[37]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 59.
[38]
Submission 11, p. 10.
[39]
Submission 11, p. 11.
[40]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, pp. 58–59.
[41]
Submission 5, p. 1.
[42]
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Afghanistan National Development
Strategy, 1387–1391(2008–2013), A Strategy for Security, Governance, Economic
Growth and Poverty Reduction, p. 5.
[43]
The World Bank, Afghanistan in Transition: Beyond 2014, vol. 2:
Main Report, May 2012, p. 26.
[44]
The World Bank, Afghanistan in Transition: Beyond 2014, vol. 2:
Main Report, May 2012, p. 26.
[45]
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Afghanistan Opium Survey
2012, Summary Findings. November 2012, p. 4.
[46]
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Afghanistan Opium Survey
2012, Summary Findings. November 2012, pp. 5 and 27.
[47]
Submission 3, p. 2.
[48]
Submission 11, p. 10.
[49]
Submission 14, p. 11. They indicated that in some districts
in Uruzgan 50–80 per cent of the population was involved in opium poppy
cultivation.
[50]
Submission 14, p. 11.
[51]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 33.
[52]
See for example, Moore Stephens, Afghanistan Extractive Industries
Transparency Initiative (AEITI), Afghanistan Second EITI Reconciliation Report,
1389, October 2012, p. 7; Mr Scott Dawson, AusAID, Committee
Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 9 and U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S.
Geological Survey, Preliminary Non-Fuel Mineral Resource Assessment of
Afghanistan, USGS Open-file Report 2007–1214, 2007, p. xxxi.
[53]
See Stephen G. Peters, Trude V.V. King et al, Summaries of Important
Areas for Mineral Investment and Production Opportunities of Nonfuel Minerals
in Afghanistan, vol. 1, U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Geological
Survey, Open-file Report 2011–1204, 2011, p. 1.
[54]
Moore Stephens, Afghanistan Extractive Industries Transparency
Initiative (AEITI), Afghanistan Second EITI Reconciliation Report, 1389, October
2012, p.7 and Stephen G. Peters, Trude V.V. King et al, Summaries
of Important Areas for Mineral Investment and Production Opportunities of
Nonfuel Minerals in Afghanistan, vol. 1, U.S. Department of the Interior
and U.S. Geological Survey, Open-file Report 2011–1204, 2011, p. 32.
[55]
The World Bank, Afghanistan in Transition: Beyond 2014, vol. 2: Main
Report, May 2012, p. 26; Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative,
'Afghanistan publishes mining revenues and contracts', 19 October 2012. The
article refers to the expected increase in revenues.
[56]
The World Bank, Afghanistan in Transition: Beyond 2014, vol. 2: Main
Report, May 2012, p. 26 and Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, pp.
9–10. See also United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan, Featured News,
'Managing Afghanistan's mineral wealth', 2 August 2012, http://unama.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=12254&ctl=Details&mid=15756&ItemID=35578&language=en-US
(accessed 6 February 2013).
[57]
Mr Scott Dawson, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 9.
[58]
Submission 13, p. 2.
[59]
Submission 13, p. 7.
[60]
Memorandum of Understanding, 'Development Framework Agreement', between
the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the Government of
Australia, 2012–2017, p. 4, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/southasia/afghanistan/Documents/aus-afghanistan-development-framework-agreement-2012-17.pdf
(accessed 18 January 2013).
[61]
See also United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan, Featured News,
'Managing Afghanistan's mineral wealth', 2 August 2012, http://unama.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=12254&ctl=Details&mid=15756&ItemID=35578&language=en-US
(accessed 6 February 2013).
[62]
Scanteam, Analysts and Advisors, ARTF at a Cross Roads: History and the
Future, Final Report, Oslo, September 2012, p. 2.
[63]
See also United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan, Featured News,
'UN chief says discovery of vast mineral deposits in Afghanistan should be
managed properly', http://unama.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=12254&ctl=Details&mid=15756&ItemID=35927&language=en-US
(accessed 6 February 2013).
[64]
United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan, Featured News, 'UN chief
says discovery of vast mineral deposits in Afghanistan should be managed
properly', http://unama.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=12254&ctl=Details&mid=15756&ItemID=35927&language=en-US
(accessed 6 February 2013).
[65]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 43 and also Submission
23, p. [4].
[66]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, pp. 44–45.
[67]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, pp. 44–45.
[68]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 28.
[69]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 44.
[70]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 44.
[71]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 44.
[72]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 33.
[73]
Answer to written question on notice no. 32.
[74]
Answer to written question on notice no. 32.
[75]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, pp. 9–10.
[76]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10.
[77]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 9.
[78]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 9.
[79]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 9. See also http://eiti.org/countries
(accessed 25 February 2013).
[80]
See Moore Stephens, Afghanistan Extractive Industries Transparency
Initiative (AEITI), Afghanistan Second EITI Reconciliation Report, 1389, October
2012, p. 7; http://eiti.org/files/Afghanistan-2010-2011-EITI-Report.pdf
(accessed 10 March 2013); Mr Scott Dawson, AusAID, Committee
Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 4.
[81]
Answer to written question on notice no. 14 submitted after 22 March 2013 hearing.
[82]
EITI, 'Australia to pilot the EITI', 27 October 2011, http://eiti.org/news-events/australia-pilot-eiti
(accessed 1 May 2013).
[83]
EITI, 'Australia to pilot the EITI', 27 October 2011, http://eiti.org/news-events/australia-pilot-eiti and
EITI conference 2013 in Sydney, http://eiti.org/news-events/australia-host-eiti-conference-2013
(accessed 1 May 2013).
[84]
AusAID, Overview of Australian assistance for sustainable mining across
the world, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/aidissues/Documents/mining-for-development-part2.pdf.
[85]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 9.
[86]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 9.
[87]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 10.
[88]
The World Bank, Afghanistan Economic Update, October 2012, pp. 1
and 13.
[89]
Answer to written question on notice no. 15 following hearing on 22 March
2013.
Chapter 15 - Aid delivery channels
[1]
Ms Jennifer Rawson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p.
3.
[2]
AusAID, answer to written question on notice no. 1.
[3]
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Ministry of Finance, Development
Cooperation Report, 2012, Table 2, p. 29, http://www.undp.org.af/Publications/2013/Development%20Cooperation%20Report%20-%202012.pdf.
[4]
This table is taken from Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Ministry of
Finance, Development Cooperation Report, 2012, Table 2, p. 29, http://www.undp.org.af/Publications/2013/Development%20Cooperation%20Report%20-%202012.pdf.
[5]
See chapter 5 paragraphs 5.53–5.64. For example, Dr Bizhan noted that it
would be important that Australian assistance use Afghan government systems and
channels such as on-budget mechanisms by using the Trust Funds and the
government budget. Submission 13, p. 2.
[6]
The fund and its advantages were discussed fully in chapter 5.
[7]
See Chapter 6 especially paragraph 6.13. See for example Caritas, Submission
10, p. 2.
[8]
Submission 10, p. 1.
[9]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 50.
[10]
See as an example, Caritas Australia, Submission 10, p. 1.
[11]
The International Afghanistan Conference in Bonn, Conference conclusions,
'Afghanistan and the International Community: From Transition to the Transformation
Decade', 5 December 2011, paragraph 9.
[12]
The International Afghanistan Conference in Bonn, Conference conclusions,
'Afghanistan and the International Community: From Transition to the Transformation
Decade, 5 December 2011, paragraph 9.
[13]
United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/66/855–S/2012/462,
Report of the Secretary-General, 20 June 2012, paragraph 69.
[14]
Submission 20, p. [2].
[15]
Answer to written question on notice no 8.
[16]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 2.
[17]
AusAID, Annual Report 2011–12, p. 7.
[18]
AusAID, Annual Report 2011–12, p. 7.
[19]
Save the Children website, 'About Children of Uruzgan', http://www.savethechildren.org.au/emergency/cou/about-children-of-uruzgan/
(access 15 January 2013).
[20]
Answer to written question on notice no. 8 provided the following details:
Children of Uruzgan Program ($35.7 million, 2011-15); Uruzgan Rural Roads
Program ($25 million, 2012-15), Small Project Facility ($13.9 million, 2010-13)
managed by GIZ, and Support for Local Government Program ($10 million,
2011-13), implemented by GIZ. The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale
Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) has supported Afghanistan’s reconstruction since 2002. In
total, GIZ has around 320 seconded and more than 1,500 local staff working on
around 60 projects in Afghanistan. See http://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/358.html.
[21]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 30.
[22]
AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, http://ausaid.gov.au/partner/Documents/ama-full-report.pdf.
The assessment generally covers multilateral organisations that receive AusAID
funding, Terms of Reference, http://ausaid.gov.au/HotTopics/Documents/AustralianMultilateralAssessmentTOR.pdf.
[23]
See chapter 6, paragraphs 6.15–6.26. See also Submission 10,
p. 1.
[24]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 37.
[25]
Submission 10, p. 1.
[26]
Submission 10, p. 1.
[27]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 54.
[28]
See for example, Submission 5, pp. 1–2.
[29]
Submission 10, p. 1.
[30]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 54.
[31]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 54.
[32]
Submission 5, p. 1.
[33]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 46 and 22 March 2013, p. 11.
[34]
TLO, Uruzgan:18 months after the Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover, A
TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012, pp. 12–13.
[35]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 31.
[36]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, pp. 32–33.
[37]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 36.
[38]
Submission 10, p. 1.
[39]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 9.
[40]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 10.
[41]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 10.
[42]
Tawanmandi website, CSOs Mapping Exercise, An analytical overview of
the advocacy efforts of CSOs across Afghanistan. pp. 5 and 12, http://www.tawanmandi.org.af/english/images/files/Tawanmandi-Mapping-Report.pdf
(accessed 12 March 2013).
[43]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 37.
[44]
Submission 5, p. 2.
[45]
Answer to written question on notice no. 6 following 22 March 2013 hearing.
[46]
Answer to written question on notice no. 5.
[47]
AusAID Afghanistan home page, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/southasia/afghanistan/Pages/home.aspx#aid
(accessed 2 March 2013). See also AusAID answer to written question
on notice no. 2 following 22 March 2013 hearing.
[48]
Submission 6, pp. 14–15.
[49]
Submission 15, pp. 11–12.
[50]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 40.
[51]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 54.
[52]
Answer to written question on notice, no. 5.
[53]
IMF, Program note, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, last updated: 2 July
2012, http://www.imf.org/external/np/country/notes/afghanistan.htm
(accessed 26 October 2012).
[54]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 13.
[55]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 13.
[56]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 37.
[57]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 22.
[58]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, pp. 22–23.
[59]
Information conveyed during a private meeting with representatives from
Afghanistan.
[60]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 31.
Chapter 16 - The role of Afghan women
[1]
The Constitution of Afghanistan, Year 1382, Chapter Two, Fundamental
Rights and Duties of Citizens, Article Twenty-two, http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/current_constitution.html
[2]
Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, Fifth Report:
Situation of Economic and Social Rights in Afghanistan, November/December
2011, p. 90.
[3]
Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, Fifth Report:
Situation of Economic and Social Rights in Afghanistan, November/December
2011, pp. 91–92.
[4]
Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, Fifth Report:
Situation of Economic and Social Rights in Afghanistan, November/December
2011, pp. 91–92. See also survey results on attitudes to women working outside
the home, The Asia Foundation, Afghanistan in 2012, A Survey of the
Afghan People, 2012, p. 163.
[5]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 55.
[6]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 37, Submission 15,
pp. 11–12.
[7]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 36.
[8]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 36.
[9]
Scanteam, Analysts and Advisors, ARTF at a Cross Roads: History and
the Future, Final Report, Oslo, September 2012, p. 2.
[10]
AusAID, Annual Report 2010–2011, p. 29.
[11]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 57.
[12]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 35.
[13]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 39.
[14]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 35.
[15]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 39.
[16]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 57. Ms Angir is the Senior
Program Co-ordinator, Addressing Violence Against Women, ActionAid.
[17]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 57.
[18]
Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, Fifth Report:
Situation of Economic and Social Rights in Afghanistan, November/December
2011, p. 93.
[19]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 55.
[20]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 12.
[21]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 9.
[22]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 55.
[23]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 7.
[24]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 8.
[25]
See for example, Amnesty International, Oxfam and the Afghan Australian
Development Organisation, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, pp. 7–9.
[26]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, pp. 7–8.
[27]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 8.
[28]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 8.
[29]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 8.
[30]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 8.
[31]
Answer to written question on notice no. 1 following 22 March 2013 hearing.
[32]
Answer to written question on notice no. 6 following 22 March 2013 hearing.
Part IV -
[1]
Based on revised ODA figures—AusAID, answer to written question on
notice no. 33.
[2]
Scanteam, Analysts and Advisers, ARTF at a
Cross-Roads: History and the Future, Oslo, September 2012, p. 2.
[3]
Scanteam, Analysts and Advisers, ARTF at a Cross-Roads: History and
the Future, Oslo, September 2012, p. 4. The report also noted that the fund
should rely more on 'ex poste verification rather than ex ante permissions'.
[4]
Submission 15, p. 12. Mr Leahy stated that a set of
benchmarks and targets should be established for a phased approach to managing
the transition process and that the Australian Government should be strongly
supportive of the international community adopting a set of benchmarks for the
transition to budget support. Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 36.
[5]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 11.
[6]
International Budget Partnership, Open Budget Survey 2012, p. 25,
http://internationalbudget.org/wp-content/uploads/OBI2012-Report-English.pdf.
[7]
International Budget Partnership, Open Budget Survey 2012, p. 28.
[8]
International Budget Partnership, Open Budget Survey 2012, p. 28.
[9]
The World Bank Group, 'Worldwide Governance Indicators', http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/sc_chart.asp
(accessed 21 March 2013).
[10]
Ms Michaela Browning, Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 8
(also see Submission 16, pp. 51–54).
[11]
Memorandum of Understanding, 'Development Framework Agreement', between
the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the Government of
Australia, 2012–2017, p. 5, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/southasia/afghanistan/Documents/aus-afghanistan-development-framework-agreement-2012-17.pdf
(accessed 18 January 2013).
[12]
AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, p. xii. The
World Bank ranked highly in the Australian Multilateral Assessment.
[13]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 16.
[14]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 20.
[15]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 20.
[16]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 16.
[17]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 16.
[18]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 16. The U.S. Agency for
International Development, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office/Department for
International Development and the German Foreign Affairs Ministry also support
the production of this survey.
[19]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 16. See also Senate Foreign
Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee Hansard,
Estimates, 14 February 2013, p. 96.
[20]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 16.
[21]
Committee Hansard, 3 December 2012, p. 16.
[22]
Answer to written question on notice no. 1.
[23]
Submission 4, p. [3].
[24]
Attachment to Submission 4, William Maley, 'Reconstruction:
A Critical Assessment' in Amin Saikal (ed.), The Afghanistan Conflict and
Australia's Role, Melbourne University Press, 2011, p. 87.
[25]
Submission 4, p. [2].
[26]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 8.
[27]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 8.
[28]
Submission 14, p. 2.
[29]
Submission 14, pp. 18–19 and John Eyers, Aid to fragile
and conflicted-affected countries: a review of the literature and Australia's
approach, ANU, Development Policy Centre, Discussion Paper 21, July 2012,
pp. 25–26.
[30]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 20.
[31]
Submission 4, p. [4].
[32]
Answer to written question on notice, no. 1 and Submission 4,
p. [3].
[33]
Answer to written question on notice, no. 1.
[34]
Submission 4, p. [3].
[35]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 36.
[36]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 37.
[37]
John Eyers, Aid to fragile and conflicted-affected countries: a review
of the literature and Australia's approach, ANU, Development Policy Centre,
Discussion Paper 21, July 2012, p. 25.
[38]
Submission 14, pp. 18–19.
[39]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 19.
[40]
Submission 14, p. 18.
[41]
Submission 14, p. 18. The other exceptions (and their
2012-13 allocated budgets) are Iraq ($36.6m), Palestinian Territories & Other
Middle East ($56m) and Latin America ($27.2m).
[42]
Submission 14, p. 18.
[43]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 19.
[44]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 19.
[45]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 20.
[46]
AusAID, answers to written questions on notice nos 22–23.
[47]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee,
Committee Hansard, Estimates, 14 February 2013, p. 97.
[48]
AusAID, Afghanistan Annual Program Performance Report 2011, July
2012, p. 6.
[49]
AusAID, Afghanistan Annual Program Performance Report 2011, July
2012, p. 10.
[50]
See paragraphs 4.47–4.48, 4.54, 7.27–7.30 and 9.13.
[51]
Submission 6, p. 12.
[52]
Phil Sparrow, In it for the long haul? Delivering Australian aid to
Afghanistan, ACFID Research in Development Series Report no. 1, March 2011,
p. 2.
[53]
Submission 23, p. [2].
[54]
Submission 17, p. [3].
[55]
Committee Hansard, 22 March 2013, p. 17.
[56]
The TLO made this observation in Uruzgan: 18 months after the
Dutch/Australian Leadership Handover, A TLO Provincial Profile, April 2012,
p. 42.
[57]
See paragraph 3.20 noting a statement from Mr Dawson, Committee Hansard,
3 December 2012, p. 1; Defence answer to written question on notice no 5(2);
AusAID, Australia's strategic approach to aid in Afghanistan 2010–2012, December
2010, p. 3 and The Hon Stephen Smith MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs and
Trade, 'Statement to the International Conference on Afghanistan', The Hague,
31 March 2009, http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/speeches/2009/090331_ica.html;
[58]
Answer to written question on notice no. 17 submitted after 22 March 2013 public
hearing.
[59]
Answer to written question on notice no. 3 submitted after 22 March 2013
public hearing.
[60]
John Eyers, Aid to fragile and conflicted-affected countries: a review
of the literature and Australia's approach, ANU, Development Policy Centre,
Discussion Paper 21, July 2012, p. 25.
[61]
John Eyers, Aid to fragile and conflicted-affected countries: a review
of the literature and Australia's approach, ANU, Development Policy Centre,
Discussion Paper 21, July 2012, p. 26.
[62]
AusAID, An Effective Aid Program for Australia, Commonwealth of
Australia, updated June 2012, recommendation 34, p. 64.
[63]
Committee Hansard, 4 December 2012, p. 13.