Chapter 2 - A short history of the census in Australia

[1]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, p. 75.

[2]        Australian Data Archive,The history of census taking in Australia, http://assda.anu.edu.au/census/c86/hatac86/section1.html .

[3]        Early censuses were authorised by the Census and Statistics Act 1905, which was later replaced by the Census and Statistics Act 1977.

[4]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, pp. 77–78.

[5]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, p. 78.

[6]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, p. 82.

[7]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, pp. 83–86.

[8]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, pp. 90–91.

[9]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011 Census coverage – the Post Enumeration Survey, http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/factsheetspes?opendocument&navpos=450 (accessed: 14 September 2016).

[10]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, p. 93.

[11]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, p. 95.

[12]      Although the census was administered after the Whitlam government was dismissed, the census questions had been approved by Parliament during the Whitlam years.

[13]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, p. 96.

[14]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, p. 96.

[15]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, p. 96.

[16]      Australian Law Reform Commission, Privacy (1976–83), https://www.alrc.gov.au/inquiries/privacy-1976-83 (accessed: 14 September 2016).

[17]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, p. 98.

[18]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, p. 103.

[19]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, p. 103.

[20]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, p. 104.

[21]      Adelaide Advertiser, 17 July 1997.

[22]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, p. 105.

[23]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, p. 105.

[24]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 37.

[25]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 34.

[26]      ID Consulting Pty Ltd, Submission 39, p. [2].

[27]      Department of Social Services, Submission 63, p. 1.

[28]      Australian Institute of Family Studies, Submission 8, p. 2.

[29]      Executive Council of Australian Jewry, Submission 26, p. 1.

[30]      National Catholic Education Commission, Submission 69, p. 2; Australian Catholic Bishops Conference Pastoral Research Office, Submission 44, p. [1].

[31]      ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, Submission 32, p. [1].

[32]      ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, Submission 32, p. [5].

[33]      Volunteering Tasmania, Submission 50, p. 1.

[34]      Australian Institute of Family Studies, Submission 8, p. 2.

[1]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 50.

[2]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 51.

[3]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 50.

[4]        Peter Martin, 'ABS is behind controversial proposal to axe the 2016 census, not the Abbott government', Sydney Morning Herald, 19 February 2015.

[5]        Mr Kalisch, Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 26 February 2015, pp. 10–14.

[6]        IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 10.

[7]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 37.

[8]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 38.

[9]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 19.

[10]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing: Submissions Report, 2016, Canberra, 2013. 

[11]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 58.

[12]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 38.

[13]      ID Consulting Pty Ltd, Submission 39, p. [8].

[14]      ID Consulting Pty Ltd, Submission 39, p. [8].

[15]      Institute of Public Affairs, Submission 34, p. 5.

[16]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 53.

[17]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 53.

[18]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 40.

[19]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 53.

[20]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, answers to questions on notice, 14 October 2016 (received 18 October 2016), p. 76.

[21]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, answers to questions on notice, 14 October 2016 (received 18 October 2016), p. 76.

[22]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, answers to questions on notice, 14 October 2016 (received 18 October 2016), p. 20.

[23]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 61.

[24]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, answers to questions on notice, 14 October 2016 (received 18 October 2016), p. 8.

[25]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, answers to questions on notice, 14 October 2016 (received 18 October 2016), pp. 4-5.

[26]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, answers to questions on notice, 14 October 2016 (received 18 October 2016), p. 21.

[27]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, answers to questions on notice, 14 October 2016 (received 18 October 2016), p. 6.

[28]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, answers to questions on notice, 14 October 2016 (received 18 October 2016), p. 6.

[29]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 61.

[30]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 6.

[31]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 6.

[32]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 6.

[33]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 61.

[34]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, answers to questions on notice, 14 October 2016 (received 18 October 2016), p. [77].

[35]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38.1, pp. 14–5.

[36]      IBM Australia Limited, answers to questions on notice, 25 October 2016 (received 7 November 2016), p. 1.

[37]      Mr Jonathan Palmer, Deputy Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 41.

[38]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, answers to questions on notice, 14 October 2016 (received 18 October 2016), p. [86].

[39]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 7.

[40]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 11.

[41]      CN2641301, https://www.tenders.gov.au/?event=public.cn.view&CNUUID=1D46611D-EA19-ED83-2C73D65E88772130 (accessed: 10 September 2016).

[42]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 61.

[43]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 19.

[44]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, pp. 1, 8–9.

[45]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 57.

[46]      Dr Robert Merkel, Submission 1, pp. 9–11.

[47]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 67.

[48]      Dr Robert Merkel, Submission 1; Mr Adam Roth, Submission 53; Mr Ian Brightwell, Submission 60.

[49]      Dr Robert Merkel, Submission 1, pp. 10-11.

[50]      Mr Ian Brightwell, Submission 60, p. 1.

[51]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 12.

[52]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 40.

[53]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 53.

[54]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 53.

[55]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 59.

[56]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 59.

[57]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 60.

[58]      Name withheld, Submission 59, p. 2,

[59]      Vision Australia, Submission 76, p. [5].

[60]      Interlime, Submission 70, p. 1.

[61]      Dr Cassandra Cross, Submission 66, p. 2.

[62]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 71.

[63]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 63.

[64]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 2.

[65]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 59.

[66]      Mr John Denham, Submission 23, p. [2].

[67]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 5.

[68]      ID Consulting Pty Ltd, Submission 39, p. [5].

Chapter 4 - Say my name, [save] my name...

[1]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Informing a Nation: the evolution of the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1905-2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, p. 99.

[2]        Professor Ian Ring, Submission 9, p. [1].

[3]        Mr Bill McLennan, Submission 37, p. 2.

[4]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 6.

[5]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Retention of names and addresses collected in the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, freedom of information request, 30 May 2016, p. 11.

[6]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 7.

[7]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 51.

[8]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 19.

[9]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 119.

[10]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, 'Retention of names and addresses collected in the 2016 Census of Population and Housing', freedom of information request, 30 May 2016, p. 2.

[11]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 5.

[12]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 52.

[13]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 81.

[14]      Office of the Australian Information Commissioner, Guide to undertaking privacy impact assessments, https://www.oaic.gov.au/agencies-and-organisations/guides/guide-to-undertaking-privacy-impact-assessments (accessed 10 October 16).

[15]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 27.

[16]      Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission 74, p. 7.

[17]      Australian Bueau of Statistics, Statement of Intent – ABS to conduct a Privacy Impact Assessment on retention of names and addresses from responses to the 2016 Census, press release, http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/home/Statement%20of%20Intent%20%E2%80%93%20Privacy%20Impact%20Assessment%202016%20Census .

[18]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, ABS response to Privacy Impact Statement, 18 December 2015, http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/C9FBD077C2C948AECA257F1E00205BBE?OpenDocument .

[19]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, ABS response to Privacy Impact Statement, 18 December 2015, http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/C9FBD077C2C948AECA257F1E00205BBE?OpenDocument .

[20]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 5.

[21]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 118.

[22]      Office of the Australian Information Commissioner, Guide to undertaking privacy impact assessments – summary, https://www.oaic.gov.au/agencies-and-organisations/guides/pia-guide-qrt (accessed 11 October 2016).

[23]      Ms Michelle Worthington & Mr Daniel Connolly, Submission 79, p. 5.

[24]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 19.

[25]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 20.

[26]      Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission 74, p. 5.

[27]      Digital Rights Watch, Submission 51, p. 3; Name withheld, Submission 58, p. [4].

[28]      Mr Bill McLennan, Submission 37, p. [2].

[29]      Ms Michelle Worthington & Mr Daniel Connolly, Submission 79, p. 5.

[30]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 19.

[31]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Retention of names and addresses collected in the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, freedom of information request, 30 May 2016, p. 30.

[32]      Ms Michelle Worthington & Mr Daniel Connolly, Submission 79, p. 5.

[33]      Office of the Australian Information Commissioner, Guide to undertaking privacy impact assessments, https://www.oaic.gov.au/agencies-and-organisations/guides/guide-to-undertaking-privacy-impact-assessments (accessed 11 October 2016).

[34]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 118; Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission 74, p. 7.

[35]      Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Monash University, Submission 48, p. 2.

[36]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 25.

[37]      Pacific Privacy Consulting for the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census Enhancement PIA Report, 17 June 2005, http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3110124.NSF/f5c7b8fb229cf017ca256973001fecec/fa7fd3e58e5cb46bca2571ee00190475/$FILE/ATT1UQCI/Privacy%20Impact%20Assessment%20report_1.pdf (accessed 10 October 2016), p. 8.

[38]      Pacific Privacy Consulting for the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census Enhancement PIA Report, 17 June 2005, http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3110124.NSF/f5c7b8fb229cf017ca256973001fecec/fa7fd3e58e5cb46bca2571ee00190475/$FILE/ATT1UQCI/Privacy%20Impact%20Assessment%20report_1.pdf (accessed 10 October 2016), p. 10.

[39]      Pacific Privacy Consulting for the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census Enhancement PIA Report, 17 June 2005, http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3110124.NSF/f5c7b8fb229cf017ca256973001fecec/fa7fd3e58e5cb46bca2571ee00190475/$FILE/ATT1UQCI/Privacy%20Impact%20Assessment%20report_1.pdf (accessed 10 October 2016), p. 29.

[40]      Pacific Privacy Consulting for the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census Enhancement PIA Report, 17 June 2005, http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3110124.NSF/f5c7b8fb229cf017ca256973001fecec/fa7fd3e58e5cb46bca2571ee00190475/$FILE/ATT1UQCI/Privacy%20Impact%20Assessment%20report_1.pdf (accessed 10 October 2016), p. 30.

[41]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 119.

[42]      Salinger Privacy, Submission 24, p. 9; Mr Bill McLennan, private capacity, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 5.

[43]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 8.

[44]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 9.

[45]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 9.

[46]      Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Monash University, Submission 48, p. [4]; Ms Katherine Miller, Submission 67, p. [2].

[47]      Ms Katherine Miller, Submission 67, p. [2]; Name withheld, Submission 42, p. [3]; Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Monash University, Submission 48, pp. [3–4]; Dr William Pettersson, Submission 43, p. 3; Ms Kate Galloway, Submission 10, p. 2.

[48]      Census and Statistics Act 1905, s. 6.

[49]      Salinger Privacy, Submission 24, p. 10.

[50]      Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Monash University, Submission 48, p. [5].

[51]      Mr Bill McLennan, private capacity, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 3.

[52]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 37.

[53]      William Pettersson, Submission 43, p. 3.

[54]      Australian Bureau of Statistics Act 1975, ss. 6(3).

[55]      Ms Michelle Worthington & Mr Daniel Connolly, Submission 79, p. 8.

[56]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Proposal No 6 of 2016: 2016 Census of Population and Housing and Post Enumeration Survey, http://abs.gov.au/websitedbs/d3310114.nsf/4a256353001af3ed4b2562bb00121564/901bbace602d0f3bca257b730015d166/$FILE/06%202016.pdf (accessed: 11 October 2016).

[57]      Salinger Privacy, Submission 24, p. 4.

[58]      Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Monash University, Submission 48, p. [4].

[59]      Ms Katherine Lane, Vice-Chair, Australian Privacy Foundation, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 56.

[60]      Dr Roger Clarke, Board Member, Australian Privacy Foundation, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 57; Online Hate Prevention Institute, Submission 55, p. 1.

[61]      Electronic Frontiers Australia, Submission 72, p. 4.

[62]      ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, Submission 32, p. [3].

[63]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 24.

[64]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 8.

[65]      Mr David Kalisch, Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 26.

[66]      Mr David Kalisch, Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 26.

[67]      Pacific Privacy Consulting for the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census Enhancement PIA Report, 17 June 2005, http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3110124.NSF/f5c7b8fb229cf017ca256973001fecec/fa7fd3e58e5cb46bca2571ee00190475/$FILE/ATT1UQCI/Privacy%20Impact%20Assessment%20report_1.pdf (accessed: 10 October 2016),  p. 40.

[68]      Tess Deyl, Submission 35, p. [2]; Dr Cassandra Cross, Submission 66, p.4; Dr Monique Mann & Dr Matthew Rimmer, Submission 75, p. 41; Name withheld, Submission 45, p. 2.

[69]      Salinger Privacy, Submission 24, p. 12.

[70]      Ms Michelle Worthington & Mr Daniel Connolly, Submission 79, p. 4.

[71]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 23.

[72]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 23.

[73]      Dr Cassandra Cross, Submission 66, p.6.

[74]      Ms Kate Galloway, Submission 10, p. 1.

[75]      Dr Liz Allen, Submission 41, pp. 4–5.

[76]      Dr Heather Booth, Associate Professor, School of Demography, Australian National University, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 51.

[77]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Retention of names and addresses collected in the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, freedom of information request, 30 May 2016, pp. 12–13.

[78]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 80.

[79]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 82.

[80]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Retention of names and addresses collected in the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, freedom of information request, 30 May 2016, p. 2.

Chapter 5 - Information security

[1]        IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, pp. 11, 19.

[2]        IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 19.

[3]        Mr Michael Shallcross, Distinguished Engineer for Global Technology Services, IBM Australia and New Zealand, Committee Hansard , 25 October 2016, p. 21.

[4]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 11.

[5]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 11.

[6]        A: Census staff will collect and process data from the 2016 census.

          B: Names and addresses are permanently separated from the remainder of the census dataset, and stored securely in separate files with restricted access.

          C: Anonymised versions of names would be generated from the names. These are stored separately from both files of names and the census dataset.

          D: For approved data integration projects involving 2016 census data, demographic and anonymised name information is recombined on an as-needed basis to allow the census dataset to be used for statistical data linkage.

          See: Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, p. 15.

[7]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 13.

[8]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 24.

[9]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 31.

[10]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 31.

[11]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 32.

[12]      Dr Monique Mann & Dr Matthew Rimmer, Submission 75, p. 21; Name withheld, Submission 45, p. 2;  Name withheld, Submission 52, p. 2; Mr Gary Lord, Submission 27, p. [1].

[13]      Mr John Denham, Submission 23, p. [3]; Salinger Privacy, Submission 24, p. 11.

[14]      Mr Adam Gardner, Submission 4, p. 3.

[15]      Salinger Privacy, Submission 24, p. 11.

[16]      Dr Cassandra Cross, Submission 66, p.6.

[17]      Professor Ian Ring, Submission 9, p. [2].

[18]      Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission 74, p. 6.

[19]      Name withheld, Submission 49, p. [1].

[20]      Mr Adam Gardner, Submission 4, pp. 2–4; Name withheld, Submission 18, p. [4].

[21]      Mr Adam Gardner, Submission 4, p. 2.

[22]      Dr Cassandra Cross, Submission 66, p. 6.

[23]      Dr Cassandra Cross, Submission 66, p. 7.

[24]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 24.

[25]      Australian Institute of Family Studies, Submission 8, p. 3.

[26]      Dr Leonard Robert Smith, Visiting Academic, School of Demography, Australian National University, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 53.

[27]      Name withheld, Submission 42, p. [8].

[28]      Salinger Privacy, Submission 24, p. 7.

[29]      Salinger Privacy, Submission 24, p. 8; Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission 74, pp. 1, 8;  Name withheld, Submission 7, p. 8.

[30]      Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Monash University, Submission 48, p. [4].

[31]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 81.

[32]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, p. 12.

[33]      Salinger Privacy, Submission 24, p. 7; Name withheld, Submission 42, p. [8]; Mr Bill McLennan, Submission 37, p. [10].

[34]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 81.

[35]      Mr Stephen Howell, Submission 78, p. 2; Ms Rosie Williams, Submission 85, p. [4].

[36]      Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission 74, p. 4.

[37]      Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission 74, p. 5.

[38]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 118.

[39]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 81.

[40]      Pacific Privacy Consulting for the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census Enhancement PIA Report, 17 June 2005, http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3110124.NSF/f5c7b8fb229cf017ca256973001fecec/fa7fd3e58e5cb46bca2571ee00190475/$FILE/ATT1UQCI/Privacy%20Impact%20Assessment%20report_1.pdf (accessed: 10 October 2016),  p. 31.

[41]      Pacific Privacy Consulting for the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census Enhancement PIA Report, 17 June 2005, http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3110124.NSF/f5c7b8fb229cf017ca256973001fecec/fa7fd3e58e5cb46bca2571ee00190475/$FILE/ATT1UQCI/Privacy%20Impact%20Assessment%20report_1.pdf (accessed: 10 October 2016),  p. 39.

[42]      Name withheld, Submission 49, p. [2].

[43]      Digital Rights Watch, Submission 51, p. 5.

[44]      Ms Katherine Lane, Vice-Chair, Australian Privacy Foundation, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 57.

[45]      Digital Rights Watch, Submission 51, pp. 5–6.

[46]      Salinger Privacy, Submission 24.1, p. 8.

[47]      Salinger Privacy, Submission 24.1, p. 7.

[48]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 118.

[49]      Senator the Hon George Brandis QC, Attorney-General for Australia, 'Amendment to the Privacy Act to further protect de-identified data', Media release, 28 September 2016.

[50]      Digital Rights Watch, Submission 51, p. 6.

[51]      Dr Cassandra Cross, Submission 66, p. 9.

[52]      Dr Cassandra Cross, Submission 66, p. 9.

[53]      Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission 74, p. 4.

[54]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Privacy Impact Assessment: Proposal to Retain Name and Address Information from Responses to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, December 2015, pp. 21–22.

Chapter 6 - The conduct of the 2016 census

[1]        A more fulsome discussion of Island Australia and Distributed Denial of Service attacks are provided later in this chapter.

[2]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 66.

[3]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, freedom of information disclosure, 25 October 2016, p. 50.

[4]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 66.

[5]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 66.

[6]        IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 3.

[7]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 66.

[8]        Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 48.

[9]        Mr Michael Shallcross, Distinguished Engineer for Global Technology Services, IBM Australia and New Zealand, Committee Hansard , 25 October 2016, p. 16.

[10]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 67.

[11]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 67.

[12]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 67.

[13]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 68.

[14]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 67.

[15]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38,  p. 68.

[16]      David W Kalisch, Australian Bureau of Statistics, 'ABS update – 2016 Census online form', Media Release, 10 August 2016.

[17]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38,  p. 69.

[18]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38,  p. 69.

[19]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 44.

[20]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 16.

[21]      Special Adviser to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Submission 31, p. 2.

[22]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 13.

[23]      Special Adviser to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Submission 31, p. 2.

[24]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 4; Mr Kerry Purcell, Managing Director, IBM Australia and New Zealand, Committee Hansard , 25 October 2016, p. 12.

[25]      Mr Jonathan Palmer, Deputy Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 32.

[26]      Special Adviser to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Submission 31, p. 2.

[27]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 44.

[28]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 62.

[29]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 2.

[30]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, pp. 13–14.

[31]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 62.

[32]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 15.

[33]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 15.

[34]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 15.

[35]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 62.

[36]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 14.

[37]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 2.

[38]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, answers to questions on notice, 21 September 2016, p. 6.

[39]      Mr Michael Shallcross, Distinguished Engineer for Global Technology Services, IBM Australia and New Zealand, Committee Hansard , 25 October 2016, p. 23.

[40]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 48.

[41]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 3.

[42]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 3.

[43]      Nextgen Networks, Submission 88, p. 1.

[44]      Following the 2016 Census, Vocus Communications acquired Nextgen.

[45]      Vocus Communications, Submission  89, p. [2].

[46]      Mr Jonathan Palmer, Deputy Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 33.

[47]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, pp. 19–20.

[48]      Dr Robert Merkel, Submission 1, p. 12.

[49]      Mr Michael Shallcross, Distinguished Engineer for Global Technology Services, IBM Australia and New Zealand, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 17.

[50]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 48.

[51]      Mr Michael Shallcross, Distinguished Engineer for Global Technology Services, IBM Australia and New Zealand, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 17.

[52]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 4.

[53]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 49.

[54]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 14.

[55]      A collection of network connected computers controlled from one or more central controllers. Botnets can be used to perform DDoS attacks by directing the individual bots to flood the desired websites with requests.

[56]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 14.

[57]      Nextgen Networks, Submission 88, p. 2.

[58]      Nextgen Networks, Submission 88, p. 1.

[59]      Mr Michael Shallcross, Distinguished Engineer for Global Technology Services, IBM Australia and New Zealand, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 24.

[60]      Nextgen Networks, Submission 88, pp. 2–3.

[61]      Mr Michael Shallcross, Distinguished Engineer for Global Technology Services, IBM Australia and New Zealand, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 24.

[62]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 45.

[63]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 49.

[64]      Mr Michael Shallcross, Distinguished Engineer for Global Technology Services, IBM Australia and New Zealand, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 19.

[65]      Mr Jonathan Palmer, Deputy Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 32.

[66]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 45.

[67]      Mr Michael Shallcross, Distinguished Engineer for Global Technology Services, IBM Australia and New Zealand, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 19.

[68]      Mr Michael Shallcross, Distinguished Engineer for Global Technology Services, IBM Australia and New Zealand, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 19.

[69]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 47.

[70]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 44.

[71]      Mr David Kalisch, Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 32.

[72]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 45.

[73]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 46.

[74]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 46.

[75]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, answers to questions on notice, 14 October 2016 (received 18 October 2016), p. 35.

[76]      Mr Jonathan Palmer, Deputy Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 34.

[77]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, pp. 45–6.

[78]      Department of Defence, What is an IRAP Assessment?, http://www.asd.gov.au/infosec/irap/irap_assessments.htm (accessed: 1 November 2016).

[79]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 49.

[80]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 49.

[81]      Mr Trevor Sutton, Deputy Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 35.

[82]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, answers to questions on notice, 14 October 2016 (received 18 October 2016), p. 7.

[83]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, pp. 67­–9.

[84]      Mr Kerry Purcell, Managing Director, IBM Australia and New Zealand, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 12.

[85]      Mr David Kalisch, Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 31.

[86]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 47.

[87]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 19.

[88]      Mr Michael Shallcross, Distinguished Engineer for Global Technology Services, IBM Australia and New Zealand, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 21.

[89]      IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 19.

[90]      Mr Jonathan Palmer, Deputy Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 31.

[91]      Office of the Australian Information Commissioner, Submission 68, p. 1.

[92]      Mr Alastair MacGibbon, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 45.

[93]      Mr Kerry Purcell, Managing Director, IBM Australia and New Zealand, Committee Hansard , 25 October 2016, pp. 12, 19; IBM Australia Limited, Submission 87, p. 2; Special Adviser to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security, Submission 31, p. 2.

[94]      Department of Finance, 'ICT Investment Approval Process', https://www.finance.gov.au/policy-guides-procurement/ict-investment-framework/ict-two-pass-review/ (accessed 21 November 2016).

[95]      Mr David Kalisch, Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, pp. 37-38.

[96]      Mr Trevor Sutton, Deputy Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 38.

[97]      Department of Finance, answers to questions on notice, 18 October 2016 (received 18 November 2016), p. 2.

[98]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 4.

[99]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 65.

[100]    Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 65.

[101]    Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 65.

[102]    Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 65.

[103]    Dr Cassandra Cross, Submission 66, p.2; Name withheld, Submission 61, p. [1].

[104]    Mr John Denman, Submission 23, p. [1].

[105]    Dr David Lucas, Submission 33, p. 1.

[106]    Vision Australia, Submission 76, p. 3.

[107]    Science Party, Submission 56, p. 3.

[108]    Dr David Lucas, Submission 33, p. 1; Executive Council of Australian Jewry, Submission 26, p. 3.

[109]    ID Consulting Pty Ltd, Submission 39, p. [3].

[110]    ID Consulting Pty Ltd, Submission 39, p. [6].

[111]    Vision Australia, Submission 76, p. 3.

[112]    Vision Australia, Submission 76, p. 4.

[113]    Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 51.

[114]    Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 53.

[115]    Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 53.

[116]    Executive Council of Australian Jewry, Submission 26, p. 3.

[117]    Australian Population Association, Submission 54, p. [3]; Executive Council of Australian Jewry, Submission 26, p. 3; Ms Rosie Williams, Submission 85, p. [51].

[118]    ID Consulting Pty Ltd, Submission 39, p. [2].

[119]    Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 55.

[120]    Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 55.

[121]    Name withheld, Submission 59, p. 4.

[122]    Name withheld, Submission 90, pp. 3–4.

[123]    ID Consulting Pty Ltd, Submission 39, p. [3].

[124]    Name withheld, Submission 59, p. 4.

[125]    Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 53.

[126]    ID Consulting Pty Ltd, Submission 39, p. [5]; Name withheld, Submission 90, pp. 3–8.

[127]    Name withheld, Submission 59, p. 3.

Chapter 7 - Census 2016: the morning after

[1]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 37.

[2]        Australian Population Association, Submission 54, p. [1]; Salinger Privacy, Submission 24, p. 4; Name withheld, Submission 20, p. [1].

[3]        Executive Council of Australian Jewry, Submission 26, p. 2.

[4]        Salinger Privacy, Submission 24.1, p. 9.

[5]        Dr Roger Clarke, Board Member, Australian Privacy Foundation, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 59.

[6]        Online Hate Prevention Institute, Submission 55, p. 9.

[7]        Mr Bill McLennan, private capacity, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 6.

[8]        ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, Submission 32, p. [3].

[9]        ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods, Submission 57, p. 7.

[10]      Mr David Kalisch, Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 26.

[11]      Mr David Kalisch, Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 26.

[12]      Australian Population Association, Submission 54, p. [2].

[13]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38.1, pp. 6–8.

[14]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38.1, p. 9.

[15]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 3.

[16]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 59.

[17]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 65.

[18]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 68.

[19]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 36.

[20]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38.1, p. 10.

[21]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 36.

[22]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38.1, p. 10.

[23]      Ms Katherine Miller, Submission 67, pp. [3–4].

[24]      ID Consulting Pty Ltd, Submission 39, p. [6].

[25]      Name withheld, Submission 36, p. [1].

[26]      Electronic Frontiers Australia, Submission 72, p. 2.

[27]      Dr Monique Mann & Dr Matthew Rimmer, Submission 75, p. 32.

[28]      Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission 74, p. 10.

[29]      Name withheld, Submission 7, p. 9; Name withheld, Submission 20, p. [1].

[30]      Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission 74, p. 10.

[31]      Name withheld, Submission 7, p. 1; Salinger Privacy, Submission 24.1, p. 9.

[32]      Name withheld, Submission 11, p. [2]; Science Party, Submission 56, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 58, p. [3].

[33]      Digital Rights Watch, Submission 51, p. 7.

[34]      Science Party, Submission 56, p. 5.

[35]      Mr David Kalisch, Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 43.

[36]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38.1, p. 11.

[37]      National Catholic Education Commission, Submission 69, p. 6; ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, Submission 32, p. [5].

[38]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 13.

[39]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 14.

[40]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 14.

[41]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Annual Report 2015–16, p. 56.

[42]      School of Demography, Australian National University, Submission 40, p. 5.

[43]      ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, Submission 32, p. [5].

[44]      National Catholic Education Commission, Submission 69, p. 6.

[45]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 14.

[46]      Volunteering Tasmania, Submission 50, p. [1].

[47]      School of Demography, Australian National University, Submission 40, p. 5.

[48]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 15.

[49]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 11.

[50]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 15.

[51]      Mr Justin Warren, Submission 65, p. [1]; Mr Evan Scott, Submission 13, p. [2].

[52]      National Catholic Education Commission, Submission 69, p. 6.

[53]      Online Hate Prevention Institute, Submission 55, p. 9.

[54]      Mr David Kalisch, Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 27.

[55]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011 Census Fact Sheet: General, http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/home/2011+Census+Fact+Sheet:+General (accessed 3 November 2016).

[56]      Professor Richard Madden, Submission 81, p. 2.

[57]      Mr Justin Warren, Submission 65, p. [1].

[58]      Australian Population Association, Submission 54, p. [3].

[59]      Dr Monique Mann & Dr Matthew Rimmer, Submission 75, p. 50; Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission 74, p. 14; Mr Christopher Biggs, Submission 3, p. [1]; Name withheld, Submission 18, p. [4].

[60]      Vision Australia, Submission 76, p. [7].

[61]      Dr Liz Allen, Submission 41, p. 6.

[62]      Mr Trevor Sutton, Deputy Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 30.

[63]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Annual Report 2012–13, p. 2.

[64]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 17.

[65]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, answers to questions on notice, 14 October 2016 (received 18 October 2016), pp. 8–9.

[66]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 13.

[67]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 38, p. 13.

[68]      Mr David Kalisch, Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 43.

[69]      Mr David Kalisch, Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Committee Hansard, 19 October 2016, p. 118.