Footnotes

[1] The Hon John Howard, Prime Minister, Media Release, 'Fourth Howard Ministry', 22.10.04.

[2] Australian Government, Welfare to Work, 10.5.05, pp.1-2.

[3] Submission 47, pp.3-4 (DEWR).

[4] Submission 47, p.3 (DEWR).

[5] Submission 47, p.4 (DEWR).

[6] Submission 47, p.5 (DEWR).

[7] Submission 47, p.7 (DEWR).

[8] Submission 47, p.13 (DEWR).

[9] Submission 47, p.14 (DEWR).

[10] The Hon Kevin Andrews, MP, Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations, Increasing economic participation and opportunity: The key to sustaining our prosperity, Melbourne, 16.5.05, pp.1-2.

[11] Reference Group on Welfare Reform, Final Report, Participation Support for a More Equitable Society, (McClure Report) August 2000.

[12] The Hon John Howard, Prime Minister, (delivered by the Hon Peter Dutton MP, Minister for Workforce Participation), Address to the Australian Council of Social Service, 10.11.05.

[13] Submission 28, p.11 (ACOSS).

[14] Submission 28, pp.13-14 (ACOSS).

[15] ACOSS, Effects of possible changes to the Disability Support Pension, ACOSS Info 371, April 2005, pp.2, 17.

[16] Submission 12, pp.2-3 (UnitingCare).

[17] Submission 12, pp.3-4 (UnitingCare).

[18] Submission 12, p.4 (UnitingCare).

[19] Submission 18, p.2 (The Smith Family).

[20] Brotherhood of St Laurence, Brotherhood comment, 'Welfare reform for better or worse: How are proposed changes likely to affect vulnerable Australians?', April 2005, p.6.

[21] Brotherhood of St Laurence, Brotherhood comment, 'Sole parents: Finding the right balance?', April 2005, p.8.

[22] Submission 18, p.2 (The Smith Family); see also Submission 20, p.2 (St Vincent de Paul).

[23] Submission 9, p.13 (PDCA).

[24] Submission 42, p.1 (Haemophillia Foundation Australia).

[25] Submission 49, p.2 (ACROD).

[26] Submission 47, p.5 (DEWR).

[27] Explanatory Memorandum, p.30.

[28] Reference Group on Welfare Reform, Final Report, Participation Support for a More Equitable Society, (McClure Report) August 2000.

[29] McClure Report, p.3.

[30] McClure Report, p.6.

[31] Centrelink, http://www.centrelink.gov.au/internet/internet.nsf/payments/chartc.htm

[32] Centrelink, http://www.centrelink.gov.au/internet/internet.nsf/payments/parenting_iat.htm

[33] Submission 47, p.6 (DEWR).

[34] Submission 47, p.15 (DEWR).

[35] Explanatory Memorandum, p.38.

[36] Explanatory Memorandum, p.39.

[37] Submission 47, pp.16-18 (DEWR).

[38] Submission 47, p.19 (DEWR).

[39] Mr Peter Dutton MP, Second Reading Speech, House of Representatives Hansard, 9.11.05, p.6.

[40] Submission 47, p.16 (DEWR).

[41] Submission 47, pp.4-5 (DEWR).

[42] Second Reading Speech, p.6.

[43] Explanatory Memorandum, p.15.

[44] Centrelink website accessed 15 November 2005 http://www.centrelink.gov.au/internet/internet.nsf/payments/qual_how_dsp.htm

[45] Second Reading Speech, p.5.

[46] Submission 47, p.21 (DEWR).

[47] Submission 47, p.23 (DEWR).

[48] Explanatory Memorandum, p.19.

[49] Submission 47, p.22 (DEWR).

[50] Explanatory Memorandum, p.14.

[51] Explanatory Memorandum, p.18.

[52] Explanatory Memorandum, p.14.

[53] Explanatory Memorandum, p.16.

[54] Explanatory Memorandum, p.16.

[55] Second Reading Speech.

[56] Second Reading Speech.

[57] Submission 47, p.22 (DEWR).

[58] Submission 47, p.26 (DEWR).

[59] Explanatory Memorandum, p.70.

[60] Submission 47, p.10 (DEWR).

[61] There are exceptions for those who are incapacitated.

[62] Centrelink fact sheet, http://www.centrelink.gov.au/internet/internet.nsf/filestores/lw011_0308/$file/lw011_0308en.pdf, accessed 22 November 2005.

[63] Section 606(1)(A) and 606(1)(B) of the Social Security Act 1991.

[64] Explanatory Memorandum, p. 86. See also Centrelink web site, http://www.centrelink.gov.au/internet/internet.nsf/services/work_dole.htm, accessed 21 November 2005

[65] Explanatory Memorandum, p.83.

[66] Explanatory Memorandum, p. 70. See also Submission 47, p.25 (DEWR).

[67] Submission 47, p.26 (DEWR).

[68] Centrelink fact sheet, http://www.centrelink.gov.au/internet/internet.nsf/filestores/lw011_0308/$file/lw011_0308en.pdf, accessed 22 November 2005. These activities may include doing an average 5 hours/week part time work over six months, training, community work, Work for the Dole, or Defence Force Reserve.

[69] Submission 47, p.26 (DEWR).

[70] Submission 47, p.27 (DEWR).

[71] DEWR Job Network website, http://www.workplace.gov.au/workplace/Category/SchemesInitiatives/JobNetwork/IntensiveSupportWPDUP1.htm, accessed 21 November 2005

[72] Submission 47, p.26 (DEWR).

[73] Submission 47, p.26 (DEWR).

[74] Submission 47, p.26 (DEWR).

[75] Submission 47, p.27 (DEWR).

[76] Submission 47, p.27 (DEWR).

[77] Explanatory Memorandum, p.71.

[78] Submission 47, p.28 (DEWR).

[79] Explanatory Memorandum, pp.42-43.

[80] Explanatory Memorandum, p.72.

[81] Submissions 14, p.3 (WEL); 17, p.2 (HREOC); 18, p.3 (The Smith Family); 20, p.4 (St Vincent de Paul); 28, p.18 (ACOSS); 22, pp. 5 - 6 (AFDO); 9, p. 9 (PDCA); 10, p.4 (BIA); 33, p.14 (CWA); 40, p.5 (MSA); 49, p.3 (ACROD).

[82] Submissions 28, p.20 (ACOSS); 33, p.11 (CWA).

[83] Submission 7, p.4 (NFAW); see also Submissions 26, p.4 (VCOSS); 31, p.5 (Women's Action Alliance); 35, p.5 (BSL-Anglicare).

[84] Committee Hansard 22.11.05, p.31 (St Vincent de Paul); see also Committee Hansard 21.11.05, p.48 (NWRN).

[85] Submission 14, p.3 (WEL).

[86] Submission 19, p.3 (NCSMC).

[87] Submission 16, p.4 (Hanover Welfare Services).

[88] Submission 3, p.4 (Mr D Heckendorf).

[89] Submission 22, pp.5-6 (AFDO).

[90] Committee Hansard 23.11.05, p.10 (DEWR).

[91] Submission 47, pp.31-32 (DEWR).

[92] Submission 47, pp.32, 34 (DEWR).

[93] Submission 47, pp.32-33 (DEWR).

[94] Submission 47, p.6 (DEWR).

[95] Submission 47, pp.6-7, Information tabled, 23.11.05 (DEWR).

[96] See for example Submission 18, p.3 (The Smith Family).

[97] See for example Submission 12, p.7 (UnitingCare).

[98] Submission 6, p.1 (Sole Parents' Union); see also Submission 14, p.4 (WEL).

[99] Submission 18, p.3 (The Smith Family).

[100] Submission 17, p.1 (HREOC).

[101] Submission 13, p.1 (National Alliance for Children and Families at Risk).

[102] Submission 14, p.4 (WEL).

[103] Committee Hansard 22.11.05, p.4 (The Smith Family); Submission 47, p.9 (DEWR).

[104] Submission 14, p.3 (WEL).

[105] Submission 26, pp.5-6 (VCOSS).

[106] Committee Hansard 21.11.05, p.17 (DEWR).

[107] Committee Hansard 23.11.05, p.57 (DEWR).

[108] Submission 47, pp.16-18 (DEWR).

[109] Submission 47, p.16 (DEWR).

[110] Submission 30, p.5 (NESA).

[111] Submission 6, p.2 (Sole Parents' Union).

[112] Submission 7, p.3 (National Foundation for Australian Women).

[113] Committee Hansard 23.11.05, p.50 (DEWR).

[114] Submissions 17, p.2 (HREOC); 19, p.1 (NCSMC); 20, p.5 (St Vincent de Paul); 27, p.8 (ACTU).

[115] Submission 12, pp.7-8 (UnitingCare).

[116] Submission 14, p.5 (WEL).

[117] Submission 20, p.5 (St Vincent de Paul).

[118] Submission 19, p.5 (NCSMC).

[119] Submission 17, p.2 (HREOC).

[120] Submission 17, p.3 (HREOC).

[121] Welfare to Work, p.10.

[122] Committee Hansard 21.11.05, p.17 (DEWR); see also Submission 47, p.17 (DEWR); Explanatory Memorandum p.41.

[123] Committee Hansard 23.11.05, p.57 (DEWR); see also Additional Information, Questions on Notice, 23.11.05.

[124] Submission 47, Additional Information, Questions on Notice 23.11.05 (DEWR).

[125] Committee Hansard 21.11.05, p.20 (DEWR).

[126] Committee Hansard 23.11.05, p.12 (DEWR).

[127] Submission 48, p.3 (PWDA).

[128] Committee Hansard 22.11.05, p.66 (PDCA).

[129] Submissions 10, p.4 (BIA); 48, p.3 (PWDA); 3, pp.2-3 (Mr D Heckendorf).

[130] Submission 9, p.9 (PDCA); see also Submission 35, p.7 (BSL & Anglicare).

[131] Submission 47, p.24 (DEWR); see also Additional Information Questions on Notice 23.11.05.

[132] Explanatory Memorandum, p.17.

[133] Submission 47, p.25 (DEWR).

[134] Submission 47, p.25 (DEWR).

[135] Submission 20, p.6 (St Vincent de Paul Society)

[136] Committee Hansard 21.11.05, p.63.

[137] Submission 47, pp.12-13 (DEWR).

[138] Committee Hansard 23.11.05, p.12 (DEWR); see also Additional Information, tabled 23.11.05.

[139] Submission 28, p.5 (ACOSS).

[140] Submission 32, p.14 (NWRN).

[141] Submission 39, p.4 (Ms Julia Perry).

[142] Submission 47, p.40 (DEWR).

[143] Submission 47, p.39 (DEWR).

[144] Committee Hansard 21.11.05, p.24 (ACOSS).

[145] Committee Hansard 22.11.05, p.40 (ACROD).

[146] Submission 9, p.2 (PDCA).

[147] Committee Hansard 23.11.05, p.16 (DEWR).

[148] Submission 47, pp. 34-36 (DEWR).

[149] Submission 47, pp.36-38 (DEWR); see also Additional Information 22.11.05 (DEWR).

[150] Second Reading Speech, p.7.

[151] Submission 9, p.10 (PDCA); 10, p.4 (BIA); 11, p.8 (WWDA); 21, p.6 (NCID); 48, p.4 (PWDA); 38, p.2 (CIDA); 49, p.5 (ACROD).

[152] Submission 9, p.10 (PDCA).

[153] Submission 10, p.4 (BIA).

[154] Submission 47, p.37 (DEWR).

[155] Committee Hansard 21.11.05, p.40 (NWRN).

[156] Committee Hansard 23.11.05, p.58 (DEWR).

[157] Submission 47, p.38 (DEWR).

[158] Submission 47, p.39 (DEWR).

[159] Committee Hansard 22.11.05, p.40 (ACROD).

[160] Submission 40, p.10 (MS Victoria).

[161] Submission 8, p.1 (QND).

[162] Committee Hansard 23.11.05, p.59 (DEWR).

[163] Submission 32, p.32 (NWRN).

[164] Submissions 32, p.32 (NWRN).

[165] Submission 33, p.30 (Catholic Welfare Australia).

[166] Submissions 6, p.2 (Sole Parents Union); 7, p.8 (NFAW); 14, p.3 (WEL); 20, p.5 (St Vincent de Paul); 22, p.10 (AFDO).

[167] Submission 26, p.7 (VCOSS).

[168] Submission 51, p. 4 (Salvation Army).

[169] Submission 7, pp. 8-9 (NFAW).

[170] Submission 6, p.3 (Sole Parents' Union); see also Submission 7, p.8 (NFAW).

[171] Submission 9, p.12 (PDCA); see also Submission 48, p.5 (PWDA).

[172] Submission 16, p.3 (Hanover Welfare Services).

[173] Submission 41, p.5 (NEDA).

[174] Submission 47, p.28 (DEWR).

[175] Submission 47, p.29 (DEWR).

[176] Committee Hansard 23.11.05, p.25 (DEWR).

[177] Committee Hansard 23.11.05, p.9 (DEWR).

[178] Submission 47, p.30 (DEWR).

[179] Committee Hansard 23.11.05, p.9 (DEWR).

[180] Committee Hansard 23.11.05, p.9 (DEWR).

[181] Submission 47, pp.21, 25, 31 (DEWR).

[182] Submission 47, pp.29-30 (DEWR).

[183] Submission 47, pp.30-31 (DEWR).

[184] Submission 28, p.26 (ACOSS).

[185] Committee Hansard 22.11.05, p.45 (ACROD).

[186] The Guide can be found at: http://www.facs.gov.au/guide/toc/guiderew.htm

[187] Committee Hansard 21.11.05, p.10 (DEWR).

[188] Committee Hansard 21.11.05, p.21 (DEWR).

[189] Submission 33, p.40 (CWA).

[190] Submission 47, Answers to Questions on Notice, 22.11.05, p.6 (DEWR).

[191] Committee Hansard 23.11.05 pp.13-14 (DEWR).

[192] This means that they have been approved by the Department of Family and Community Services. These include most long day care, family day care, before and after school care, vacation care, in-home and occasional care services. See Family Assistance Office, Information booklet about your claim for Family Assistance, p.16, Centrelink website, http://www.centrelink.gov.au/internet/internet.nsf/filestores/ci011_0507/$file/ci011_0507en_p.pdf

[193] Submission 25, p.2 (FaCS).

[194] These carers must be registered with Family Assistance Office. Registered care may be provided by nannies, grandparents, relatives or friends, private pre-schools, kindergartens and some occasional care centres or outside school hours care services. See Family Assistance Office, Information booklet about your claim for Family Assistance, p.16, Centrelink website, http://www.centrelink.gov.au/internet/internet.nsf/filestores/ci011_0507/$file/ci011_0507en_p.pdf At 18 November 2005 the maximum CCB for registered care is 48.3 cents/hour, compared with a maximum of $2.88/hour for approved care. See http://www.familyassist.gov.au/internet/fao/fao1.nsf/content/payments-ccb-how_much

[195] Explanatory Memorandum, p.2.

[196] Mr Peter Dutton MP, Second Reading Speech, House of Representatives Hansard, 9.11.05, p.6.

[197] Committee Hansard 23.11.05, p. 2 (FaCS).

[198] Explanatory Memorandum, p. 6. The EM notes that any given week exceeding the 15 hours test may not be used to attain an average 15 hours with both the week before and the week after.

[199] Second Reading Speech.

[200] Explanatory Memorandum, pp.6, 8.

[201] Submission 33, p.30 (CWA).

[202] Submission 25, p.2 (FaCS).

[203] Proof Committee Hansard, 21 November 2005, p.47. [Raper]

[204] The analysis is taken from NATSEM, National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling University of Canberra, The Distributional Impact of the Proposed Welfare-to-Work Reforms Upon Sole Parents, Ann Harding, Quoc Ngu Vu, Richard Percival and Gillian Beer, 25 August 2005.

[205] The Distributional Impact of the Proposed Welfare-to-Work Reforms Upon Sole Parents, p.3.

[206] The Distributional Impact of the Proposed Welfare-to-Work Reforms Upon Sole Parents, p.17

[207] The analysis is take from NATSEM, National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling University of Canberra, The Distributional Impact of the Welfare-to-Work Reforms Upon Australians with Disabilities, Ann Harding, Quoc Ngu Vu, and Richard Percival, 13 September 2005.

[208] The Distributional Impact of the Welfare-to-Work Reforms Upon Australians with Disabilities, p.3.

[209] Department of Employment and Workplace Relations, Tabled Document, 23 November 2005.

[210] Brotherhood of St Laurence and Anglicare Australia, Submission 35, p.4.

[211] Proof Committee Hansard, 21 November 2005, Canberra, p.3, [Sandison]

[212] Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2005, p.31. [Dalton]

[213] National Welfare Rights Network, Tabled document, 21 November 2005, p.2.

[214] Brotherhood of St Laurence and Anglicare Australia, Submission 35, pp.4-5.

[215] Proof Committee Hansard, 21 November 2005, p.39.

[216] Proof Committee Hansard, 21 November 2005, p.40. [Raper]

[217] Brotherhood of St Laurence and Anglicare Australia, Submission 35, p.7.

[218] Proof Committee Hansard, 21 November 2005, p.38.

[219] National Welfare Rights Network, Submission 32, p.5.

[220] Proof Committee Hansard, 21 November 2005, p.44. [Finlay]

[221] Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2005, p.52. [Perry]

[222] Ms Julia Perry, Submission 39, p.2.

[223] Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2005, p.52. [Perry]

[224] Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2005, p.51.

[225] Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2005, p.52.

[226] ACROD Limited, National Industry Association for Disability Services, Submission 49, p.5.

[227] Proof Committee Hansard, 21 November 2005, p.40. [Raper]

[228] Proof Committee Hansard, 21 November 2005, p.40.

[229] Brotherhood of St Laurence and Anglicare Australia, Submission 35, p.10.

[230] National Welfare Rights Network, Submission 32, p.14

[231] Ms Julia Perry, Submission 39, p.4.

[232] ACOSS, Submission 28, p.5.

[233] ACOSS, Submission 28, p.5.

[234] Proof Committee Hansard, 21 November 2005, p.81. [Sinclair]

[235] Proof Committee Hansard, 21 November 2005, p.82. [Sinclair]

[236] Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2005, p.9. [Dudley]

[237] Proof Committee Hansard, 21 November 2005, p.66. [Perkins]

[238] National Employment Services Association (NESA), Submission 30, p.5.

[239] Catholic Welfare Australia, Submission 33, p.49.

[240] St Vincent de Paul Society, Submission 20, p.49.

[241] Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2005, p.35. [Dalton]

[242] Explanatory Memorandum, p. 72.

[243] Proof Committee Hansard, 21 November 2005, p.41. [Raper]

[244] National Employment Services Association (NESA), Submission 30, p.7.

[245] National Council of Single Mothers and their Children Inc., Submission 19, p.3.

[246] Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2005, p.53. [Perry]

[247] National Employment Services Association (NESA), Submission 30, p.8.

[248] National Council of Single Mothers and their Children Inc., Submission 19, p.1.

[249] Proof Committee Hansard, 21 November 2005, p.28. [Johnson]

[250] Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2005, p.74. [Coleman]

[251] Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2005, p.73. [Coleman]

[252] Press release, 2 June 2005.

[253] Explanatory Memorandum, p.41

[254] Explanatory Memorandum, p.40

[255] Proof Committee Hansard, 21 November 2005, p.25. [Johnson]

[256] Proof Committee Hansard, 21 November 2005, p.25. [Johnson]

[257] Submission 33, CWA

[258] ACOSS, Submission 28, Ms Julia Perry, Submission 39a, and National Welfare Rights Network, Submission 32.

[259] The Parliamentary Library gave valuable assistance for some aspects of this report.

[260] Submission 32, National Welfare Rights Network, page 1.

[261] Submission 28, Australian Council of Social Service, page 3.

[262] Zwi, K and Henry, R (2005), Children in Australian Society: are we doing enough to target children in need in Australia? Medical Journal of Australia, Vol 183(3), page 154.

[263] Australian Bureau of Statistics (2004), Australian Social Trends: Families with no employed parent. Australian Bureau of Statistics. See: http://libabs1.parl.net/abs/abs%40.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/186ac69baa5c3249ca256e9e0027b826?OpenDocument

[264] ibid

[265] ibid

[266] Zwi, K and Henry, R (2005), Children in Australian Society: are we doing enough to target children in need in Australia? Medical Journal of Australia, Vol 183(3), page 155.

[267] Submission 20, St Vincent de Paul Society, page 5.

[268] Ms Jessica Permezel, Project Worker, Council of Single Mothers and their Children. Committee Hansard, 17 November 2005, page 31.

[269] Second Reading Speech, 9 November 2005.

[270] Submission 17, Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, page 3.

[271] Ms Permezel, op cit, page 31-32.

[272] Ms Permezel, op cit, page 34.

[273] Ms Jane Woodruff, UnitingCare, Committee Hansard, 23 November 2005, page 33.

[274] Bray, JR (2003), Hardship and Australian Families. Paper presented at the 8^th Australian Institute of Family Studies Conference. http://www.aifs.gov.au/institute/afrc8/bray.pdf

[275] Harding, A et al (2005), Options for reducing the adverse impact of the proposed welfare-to-work reforms upon people with disabilities and sole parents. Report to the National Foundation for Australian Women by the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling. Canberra, 3 November. Page 2.

[276] Submission 26, Victorian Council of Social Service, page 3-4.

[277] Submission 33, Catholic Welfare Australia, page 14.

[278] Submission 19, National Council of Single Mothers and their Children Inc, page 1.

[279] Ms Jessica Permezel, Project Worker, Council of Single Mothers and their Children. Committee Hansard, 17 November 2005, page 33.

[280] Senate Employment, Workplace Relations and Education Committee 2005-06 Budget Estimates Hearing, Questions on Notice, Question no. W003-06, W016-06 and W017-06

[281] Dr Alison Morehead, Department of Employment and Workplace Relations, Committee Hansard, 23 November 2005, page 21.

[282] Mr Graham Carters, Department of Employment and Workplace Relations, Committee Hansard, 23 November 2005, page 21.

[283] Ms Jessica Permezel, Project Worker, Council of Single Mothers and their Children. Committee Hansard, 17 November 2005, page 34.

[284] Graeme Patterson, Area Manager, Sureway Consultants. Committee Hansard, 17 November 2005, page 28

[285] Travis Windsor, Manager, Albury CVGT. Committee Hansard, 17 November 2005, page 18.

[286] Submission 32, National Welfare Rights Network, page 10.

[287] Health aspects of maternity leave and maternity protection as discussed in a statement to the International Labour Conference 2 June 2000: http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/maternal_mortality_2000/Health_aspects_of_maternity_leave.en.html

[288] ibid