Footnotes

[1] Committee Hansard, 24.2.00, p.235 (Northern Territory Minister for Health).

[2] Committee Hansard, 23.2.00, p.186 (South Australian Medical Officers Association).

[3] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.398 (Sydney Teaching Hospitals Advocacy Group).

[4] Submission No.45, p.7 (RACP, ACA, Health Issues Centre).

[5] Henderson, I ‘Coalition failing on the big issues’, Australian, 31 January 2000.

[6] Telstra Yellow Pages, ‘Small business sees health as top priority for most govts.’, Media Release, 19 August 1999.

[7] Health Insurance Commission, Annual Report 1998-99, Canberra, HIC, 1999: p.5.

[8] Sax, S, A Strife of Interests: politics and policies in Australian health services, Sydney, George Allen & Unwin, 1984.

[9] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Health Expenditure Bulletin No.16: Australia’s health services expenditure to 1998-99, AIHW, 2000: p.3.

[10] Ham C, ‘Priority setting in the health services’, in Rationing of Health and Social Care, edited by I Allen, London, Policy Studies Institute, 1993, p.1.

[11] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australia’s Health 2000, AIHW, 2000: p.408.

[12] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australia’s Health 1998, p.169.

[13] Committee Hansard, 22.3.00, p.402 (Doctors Reform Society).

[14] Dr Kerryn Phelps, Federal President AMA, National Press Club Address, 5 July 2000.

[15] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.586 (Professor Richardson).

[16] de Looper, M and K Bhatia, International Health-how Australia compares, Canberra, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 1998: p.129

[17] Submission No.50, p.18 (Dr Deeble).

[18] Committee Hansard, 11.11.99, p.132 (Australian Health Insurance Association).

[19] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.602 (Professor Richardson).

[20] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.338 (New South Wales Government).

[21] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.369 (RACP, ACA, Health Issues Centre).

[22] Submission No.45, p.6 (RACP, ACA, Health Issues Centre).

[23] Committee Hansard, 11.11.99, p.93 (Australian Medical Association).

[24] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.398 (Sydney Teaching Hospitals Advocacy Group).

[25] Ragg, M ‘Wait watching’, Sydney Morning Herald, 14.8.99, p.36.

[26] Schoen, C et al, Equity in Health Care Across Five Nations: summary findings from an international health policy survey, The Commonwealth Fund International Programs, Issue Brief, May 2000. http://www.cmwf.org/programs/international/schoen_5nat_ib_388.asp

[27] This survey canvassed the views of 1000 people in each of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States in order to assess disparities in access to health care, the financial burden of care and perceptions of quality between people with above-average incomes and below-average incomes.

[28] Submission No.45, p.4 (RACP, ACA, Health Issues Centre).

[29] Submission No.45, p.4 (RACP, ACA, Health Issues Centre).

[30] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.321 (Professor Hindle).

[31] Submission No.63, p.15 (Australian Healthcare Association, Women’s Hospitals Australia, Australian Association of Paediatric Teaching Centres).

[32] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.389 (Sydney Teaching Hospitals Advocacy Group).

[33] Submission No.45, p.14 (RACP, ACA, Health Issues Centre).

[34] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.344 (Health Department of NSW).

[35] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.495 (Committee of Presidents of Medical Colleges).

[36] Committee Hansard, 24.2.00, p.207 (Australian Nursing Federation, NT Branch).

[37] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.372 (RACP, ACA, Health Issues Centre).

[38] Submission No.45, p.9 (RACP, ACA, Health Issues Centre).

[39] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.573 (National Allied Health Casemix Committee), Committee Hansard, 22.3.00, p.439 (Queensland Nurses Union).

[40] Committee Hansard, 23.2.00, p.193 (South Australian Salaried Medical Officers Association).

[41] Committee Hansard, 22.3.00, p.437 (Queensland Nurses Union).

[42] Committee Hansard, 23.2.00, p.186 (South Australian Salaried Medical Officers Association).

[43] Committee Hansard, 23.2.00, p.175 (Australian Nursing Federation).

[44] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.526 (Australian Nursing Federation, Victorian Branch).

[45] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.393 (Sydney Teaching Hospitals Advocacy group).

[46] Australian Bureau of Statistics and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, The Health and Welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, Canberra, Ausinfo, 1999, p.4.

[47] Committee Hansard, 24.2.00, p.223 (AMA, NT Branch).

[48] Committee Hansard, 24.2.00, p.244 (NT Shadow Minister for Health).

[49] Committee Hansard, 24.2.00, p.244 (NT Shadow Minister for Health).

[50] Committee Hansard, 24.2.00, p.226 (Deafness Association of the Northern Territory Inc.).

[51] Committee Hansard, 24.2.00, p.245 (NT Shadow Minister for Health).

[52] Submission No. 38, p.26 (DHAC).

[53] Committee Hansard, 24.2.00, pp.208-9 (Senator Knowles; ANF (NT Branch)).

[54] House of Representatives, Debates, 5.6.00, p.15927.

[55] McMillan, J Commonwealth Constitutional Power over Health, Canberra, Consumers’ Health Forum, 1992, p.1.

[56] While local government does have a role in the funding and delivery of some health services (particularly in rural areas), it does not generally play a significant role in the funding and delivery of public hospital services.

[57] Duckett, S, ‘Commonwealth/state relations in health’, in Health Policy in the Market State, edited by L Hancock, St Leonards, NSW, Allen & Unwin, 1999, pp.73-79.

[58] Submission No.41, p.17 (Queensland Government).

[59] Submission No.63, p.13 (AHA, WHA, AAPTC).

[60] Submission No.38, p.18 (Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care).

[61] Committee Hansard, 25.2.00, p.276 (Health Department of Western Australia).

[62] Health and Family Services Portfolio, Portfolio Budget Statements 1996-97, pp.149-50.

[63] Submission No.79, p.12 (NSW Government).

[64] Submission No.79, p.12 (NSW Government).

[65] This process removed the effect of the high growth in MBS benefits evident in Victoria and WA in 1995-96 in order to calculate the effect of cost shifting.

[66] Senate Community Affairs Legislation Committee, Report on the Health Legislation Amendment (Health Care Agreements) Bill 1998, May 1998, p.6.

[67] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.594 (Professor Richardson).

[68] Submission No.41, p.18 (Queensland Government).

[69] Submission No.46, Additional Information, p.2 (Centre for Health Program Evaluation).

[70] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, pp.593-4 (Professor Richardson).

[71] Committee Hansard, 23.2.00, p.175 (Australian Nursing Federation).

[72] Submission No.72, p.17 (Consumers’ Health Forum).

[73] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.593 (Professor Richardson).

[74] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.371 (RACP, ACA, Health Issues Centre).

[75] Submission No.72, p.16 (Consumers’ Health Forum).

[76] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.593 (Professor Richardson).

[77] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.325 (Professor Hindle).

[78] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.543 (Australian College of Health Service Executives).

[79] Committee Hansard, 23.2.00, p.189 (South Australian Salaried Medical Officers Association).

[80] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.349 (Health Department of NSW).

[81] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.491 (Committee of Presidents of Medical Colleges).

[82] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.371 (RACP).

[83] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.366 (Health Department of NSW).

[84] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Health Expenditure Bulletin No. 16: Australia’s health services expenditure to 1998-99, Canberra, AIHW, 2000, p.5.

[85] A separation is the term used to describe an episode of care in a hospital.

[86] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australian Hospital Statistics 1997-98, Canberra, AIHW, 1999, p.39.

[87] People covered by a health care concession card presently pay a patient payment of $3.30 per prescription, while general patients pay a patient payment of $20.70 per prescription.

[88] Submission No.63, Additional Information, p.6 (AHA, Women’s Hospitals Australia, Australian Association of Paediatric Teaching Centres).

[89] Material in this section is drawn from a research report prepared for the Committee by the Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation (CHERE) at the University of Sydney.

[90] The Constitution: as altered to 31 October 1986, Canberra, AGPS, 1986, p.18.

[91] It is worth noting, however, that the impact of the utilisation factor was not as anticipated because of issues such as declining length of stay and industrial action by doctors. In later Agreements and negotiations separations rather than bed-days have been used as a measure of utilisation.

[92] Submission No.50, p.14 (Dr Deeble).

[93] Submission No.79, p.19 (NSW Government).

[94] Senate Community Affairs Legislation Committee, Examination of Additional Estimates 1999-2000: additional information received, v. 2, May 2000, p.145.

[95] Committee Hansard, 25.2.00, p.278 (Health Department of Western Australia).

[96] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australia’s Health 2000, Canberra, AIHW, 2000, p.439.

[97] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.493 (Committee of Presidents of Medical Colleges).

[98] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.549 (ACHSE).

[99] DRGs, or diagnosis related groups are used in casemix classification systems. Australian acute hospitals use AN-DRGs to classify patients admitted to hospital into groups with similar conditions and similar use of hospital resources. This then enables comparisons to be made of the activity and performance of hospitals. (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australia’s Health 2000, p.440).

[100] Palmer, G ‘Evidence-based health policy-making, hospital funding and health insurance’, Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 172, 7.2.00, p.131.

[101] Submission No.45, p.11 (RACP, ACA, Health Issues Centre).

[102] Committee Hansard, 23.2.00, p.187 (SASMOA).

[103] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.549 (ACHSE).

[104] Material in this section of the report has been primarily based on the research report prepared for the Committee by the Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation (CHERE).

[105] Episode funding, as described in the Menadue report, is a similar approach to that of casemix-based funding. Episode funding ‘involves negotiating a price for a certain treatment based on recommended clinical practice. The cost will be influenced by the volume, length of stay, the severity of the illness and use of services such as operating theatres, nursing, pathology and accommodation’. (NSW Health Council, A Better Health System: the report of the NSW Health Council, p.57).

[106] Minister for Health, Hon C Knowles, Working as a Team-the Way Forward: Ministerial Statement, 8.3.00, pp.3, 5.

[107] Victoria, Ministerial Review of Health Care Networks, Government Response to the Ministerial Review, May 2000, p.3.

[108] Queensland Health, Hospital Funding Model: technical paper, Brisbane, Queensland Health, July 1999, p.1.

[109] Health Department of Western Australia, Annual report 1998/99, Perth, the Department, 1999, p.39.

[110] Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, Acute and Coordinate Care Branch, State and Territory Casemix Developments, at http://www.health.gov.au/casemix/statedev.htm, last updated 16.4.99.

[111] Submission No.69, Additional information, p.1 (Northern Territory Government).

[112] Submission No.38, p.9 (DHAC).

[113] The term ‘States-own’ funding refers to the funding provided by each State and Territory for public hospital services but excludes the funding provided by the Commonwealth to each jurisdiction under the Australian Health Care Agreements. It therefore does not represent the total funding by each State and Territory for public hospital services but rather, that component of funding which the State or Territory has provided from its own revenue (including from general financial assistance grants (FAGS) from the Commonwealth)

[114] Submission No.38, p.8 (DHAC).

[115] Submission No.38, p.11 (DHAC).

[116] Senate Community Affairs Legislation Committee, Supplementary Additional Estimates Hearing, Committee Hansard, 2.5.00, p.68.

[117] Submission No.38, Additional information, 19.6.00, p.1 (DHAC).

[118] Submission No.38, Additional information, 19.6.00, p.1 (DHAC).

[119] Submission No.38, Additional Information 17.1.00, p.7 (DHAC).

[120] Submission No.50, p.14 (Dr Deeble).

[121] Access Economics, Comparative Effort in Health Financing by the Commonwealth and State Governments: report prepared for the Health Departments of the States and the Northern Territory, Canberra, Access Economics, June 1998, p.19.

[122] See, for example, Committee Hansard, 11.11.99, p.70 (Queensland Health) and Submission No.79, p.16 (NSW Government).

[123] Submission No.41, p.18 (Queensland Government).

[124] Submission No.67, p.5 (Tasmanian Government).

[125] Submission No.79, p.18 (NSW Government).

[126] Submission No.79, p.18 (NSW Government).

[127] Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, Electorate Profiles, May 1999.

[128] Committee Hansard, 22.3.00, p.469 (Queensland Minister for Health).

[129] Committee Hansard, 25.2.00, p.278 (Health Department of Western Australia).

[130] Committee Hansard, 24.2.00, p.239 (NT Minister for Health).

[131] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.343 (Health Department of NSW).

[132] Victorian Government, Additional Information, 23.3.00, p. 4-5

[133] Submission No.60, Additional Information p.1 (South Australian Government).

[134] Submission No.67, p.3 (Tasmanian Government).

[135] Committee Hansard, 11.4.00, p.643 (ACT Minister for Health).

[136] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.355 (Health Department of NSW).

[137] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.356 (Health Department of NSW).

[138] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.356 (Health Department of NSW).

[139] Committee Hansard, 23.2.00, p.165 (South Australian Minister for Health).

[140] Submission No.41, Additional Information, p.4 (Queensland Government).

[141] Intergovernmental Agreement on the Reform of Commonwealth-State Financial Relations, 20 June 1999, p.14.

[142] Treasury, Mid-Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook, Canberra, Treasury, 1999, p.67.

[143] Committee Hansard, 23.2.00, p.165 (South Australian Minister for Health).

[144] Health and Aged Care Portfolio, Portfolio Budget Statements 2000-01, Canberra, Department of Health and Aged Care, 2000, p.80.

[145] Submission No.63, Additional Information, p.2 (AHA, WHA, AAPTC).

[146] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.372 (RACP).

[147] Committee Hansard, 22.3.00, p.466 (Queensland Minister for Health).

[148] Submission No.45, p.8 (RACP, ACA, Health Issues Centre).

[149] Submission No.72, p.8 (CHF); Submission No.45, p.14 (RACP, ACA, Health Issues Centre); Submission No.7, p.2 and Committee Hansard, 23.2.00, pp.272-3 (HCC of WA).

[150] Committee Hansard, 24.2.00, p.228 (Deafness Association of the Northern Territory Inc.).

[151] quoted in Ragg, M ‘Keeping thorns by your side’, Sydney Morning Herald, 26.5.00, p.21.

[152] Committee Hansard, 11.11.99, p.77 (AMA).

[153] Committee Hansard, 11.11.99, p.78 (AMA).

[154] Submission No.63, p.12 (AHA, WHA, AAPTC).

[155] Steering Committee for the Review of Commonwealth/State Service Provision 2000, Report on Government Services 2000, Canberra, AusInfo, 2000, p.293.

[156] Steering Committee for the Review of Commonwealth/State Service Provision 2000, p.294.

[157] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Waiting Times for Elective Surgery in Australia 1997-98, Canberra, AIHW, 2000.

[158] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.319 (Dr Wilson).

[159] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.396 (Sydney Teaching Hospitals Advocacy Group).

[160] Committee Hansard, 22.3.00, p.439 (Queensland Nurses Union).

[161] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.389 (Sydney Teaching Hospitals Advocacy Group).

[162] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.325 (Professor Hindle).

[163] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.325 (Professor Hindle).

[164] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.359 (Health Department of NSW).

[165] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.592 (CHPE).

[166] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.550 (ACHSE).

[167] The cost per casemix-adjusted separation is a measure of the average cost of providing care for a patient admitted to hospital, adjusted for the relative complexity of the patient’s condition and of the hospital services provided. It does not take account of the quality of care provided nor of the health outcomes achieved (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australian Hospital Statistics 1997-98, Canberra, AIHW, 1999, p.222).

[168] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.511 (Victorian Minister for Health).

[169] Committee Hansard, 22.3.00, p.468 (Queensland Minister for Health).

[170] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australian Hospital Statistics 1997-98, Canberra, AIHW, 1999, p.10.

[171] ACT Government, Budget 2000: Budget estimates: Budget paper No. 4, Canberra, ACT Government, p.104.

[172] ACT Government, Budget 2000: Budget paper No. 2, Canberra, ACT Government, 2000, p.11.

[173] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australian Hospital Statistics 1997-98, p.10.

[174] Committee Hansard, 25.2.00, p.275 (Health Department of Western Australia).

[175] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.315 (Dr Wilson).

[176] New South Wales Health Council, Report of the NSW Health Council: a better health system for NSW, Gladesville, NSW Better Health Centre, 2000, p.xxi

[177] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Health in Rural and Remote Australia, p. vi-viii.

[178] Details of the composition of each area in the Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Areas (RRMA) classification can be found in: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Health in Rural and Remote Australia, Canberra, AIHW, 1999, pp. 115-130. This publication contains a listing, by State and Territory of the statistical local areas which comprise each area of the classification.

[179] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Health in Rural and Remote Australia, p.79.

[180] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.589 (Professor Richardson).

[181] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.590 (Professor Richardson).

[182] Submission No.66, p.21 (NRHA).

[183] Committee Hansard, 11.11.99, p.116 (NRHA).

[184] Multipurpose Services (MPS) are usually small hospitals where (Commonwealth) aged care funding is cashed out to enable the provision of both aged care and acute hospital care in the one facility. More recently, the Regional Health Services (RHS) have been introduced and are to be established only where there is demand from the local community. The emphasis of the RHS is on health services, rather than aged care services, with a broader range of services able to be offered than in the MPS (including, for example, primary care services). The exact mix of services is negotiated with the local community.

[185] Submission No.66, p.26 (NRHA).

[186] Submission No.66, p.27 (NRHA).

[187] Committee Hansard, 11.11.00, p.98 (AHA, WHA, AAPTC).

[188] Submission No.63, p.5 (AHA, WHA, AAPTC).

[189] Submission No 38, p.32 (DHAC).

[190] Committee Hansard, 23.2.00, p.174 (Australian Nurses Federation).

[191] Scotton, R, Managed Competition: the policy context, (Melbourne Institute Working Paper No. 15/99), Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, University of Melbourne, 1999, p.1.

[192] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.343 (Health Department of NSW).

[193] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.326 (Professor Hindle).

[194] Duckett, S, ‘Commonwealth/state relations in health’, in L Hancock (ed) Health Policy in the Market State, St Leonards, Allen & Unwin, 1999: p.86.

[195] Submission No.63, p.13 (AHA, WHA, AAPTC).

[196] Submission No.46, Additional Information, attachment 3, p.4 (CHPE).

[197] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.329 (Professor Hindle).

[198] Submission No.62, p.4 (ACHSE).

[199] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.348 (Health Department of NSW).

[200] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.364 (Director-General, Health Department of NSW).

[201] Committee Hansard, 22.3.00, p.477 (Queensland Minister for Health).

[202] Committee Hansard, 11.11.99, p.132 (AHIA).

[203] Committee Hansard, 11.11.99, p.132 (AHIA).

[204] Submission No.7, pp.3-4 (HCC).

[205] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.613 (Professor Richardson).

[206] Committee Hansard, 22.3.00, p.612 (Professor Richardson).

[207] Submission No.46, Additional Information, p.3 (CHPE).

[208] Submission No.46, Additional Information, p.3 (CHPE).

[209] Submission No.63, p.24 (AHA, WHA, AAPTC).

[210] Submission No.79, p.10 (NSW Government).

[211] Submission No.79, p.11 (NSW Government).

[212] Submission No.45, p.21 (RACP, ACA, Health Issues Centre).

[213] Submission No.45, p.21 RACP, ACA, Health Issues Centre).

[214] Submission No.79, p.4 (NSW Government).

[215] Submission No.63, p.25 (AHA, WHA, AAPTC).

[216] Submission No.63, p.27 (AHA, WHA, AAPTC).

[217] Submission No.63, p.25 (AHA, WHA, AAPTC).

[218] Submission No.63, p.26 (AHA, WHA, AAPTC).

[219] Submission No.63, pp.24-27 (AHA, WHA, AAPTC).

[220] Submission No.66, p.6 (NRHA).

[221] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.610 (Professor Richardson).

[222] Department of Health and Aged Care, Co-ordinated Care: overview, at http://www.health.gov.au/hsdd/cocare/overview.htm, last updated 12.2.99.

[223] s100 refers to section 100 of the National Health Act 1953. This section permits the Minister for Health to make special arrangements for access to pharmaceuticals. It can apply to people living in isolated areas or people requiring pharmaceuticals which may not be supplied under other arrangements such as the PBS. For example, the Commonwealth provides funding for high cost drugs such as interferon for certain limited types of patients under the s100 arrangements. Access to drugs under the s100 arrangements is provided at public hospitals rather than community pharmacies.

[224] ‘Measure and share’ is a provision of the AHCAs and illustrates, arguably, their flexibility. Essentially, this provision permits the movement of funding across Commonwealth and State programs. The AHCAs provide that the Commonwealth and States may consider proposals that move funding for specific services between Commonwealth and State funded programs provided that each proposal meets certain criteria which are detailed in the AHCA (Clauses 27-28).

[225] Committee Hansard, 11.11.99, p.21 (DHAC).

[226] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.349 (Health Department of NSW).

[227] Committee Hansard, 22.3.00, p.484 (Queensland Minister for Health).

[228] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.293 (Society of Hospital Pharmacists and the Therapeutic Assessment Group).

[229] Committee Hansard, 24.2.00, p.236 (NT Minister for Health).

[230] The concept of a national health policy is included in Part 4 of the AHCAs, but only as a generalised commitment and no detailed policy parameters are included.

[231] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.364 (Health Department of NSW).

[232] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.544 (ACHSE).

[233] Committee Hansard, 22.3.00, p.438 Queensland Nurses Union).

[234] Committee Hansard, 25.2.00, p.265 (Health Consumers’ Council).

[235] Submission No.46, Additional Information, p.7 (CHPE).

[236] Committee Hansard, 25.2.00, p.265 (HCC).

[237] Committee Hansard, 25.2.00, p.268 (HCC).

[238] Submission No.63, p.7 (AHA, WHA, AAPTC).

[239] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, pp.540-1 (ACHSE).

[240] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.329 (Professor Hindle).

[241] Submission No.47, p.17 (AMA).

[242] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.497 (Professor Phelan).

[243] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.586 (Professor Richardson).

[244] Committee Hansard, 25.2.00, p.276 (Health Department of WA).

[245] Committee Hansard, 11.11.99, p.86 (AMA).

[246] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.364 (Health Department of NSW).

[247] Committee Hansard, 24.2.00, p.240 (NT Minister for Health).

[248] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.561 (Barwon Health).

[249] New South Wales Health Council, A Better Health System for NSW: the report of the NSW Health Council, Gladesville, NSW, Better Health Centre, 2000, p.xxiv.

[250] NSW Minister for Health, Hon C Knowles, Working as a team-the way forward, May 2000, p.4.

[251] Senate Community Affairs Legislation Committee, Estimates Committee Hansard, 23.5.00, p.241.

[252] Murray, S ‘Experiences with “rapid appraisal” in primary care: involving the public in assessing health needs, orienting staff, and educating medical students’, British Medical Journal, vol. 318, 13.2.99, pp.440-444.

[253] Draper, M, Involving Consumers in Improving Hospital Care: lessons from Australian hospitals, Canberra, Department of Health and Family Services, 1997, p.ix.

[254] Draper, M, p.xi.

[255] Medicaid is a publicly funded health insurance program for the poor in the United States. It is jointly funded by the Federal and State governments, with eligibility for the program decided by each State.

[256] Abelson, J et al, ‘Does the community want devolved authority? Results of deliberative polling in Ontario’, Canadian Medical Journal, 15.8.95, p.403.

[257] Abelson, p.403.

[258] Bryan, J, ‘Citizens juries vote to extend nurse roles’, British Medical Journal, vol. 314, no. 7083, 1997, p.769.

[259] Lenaghan, J, B. New, and E. Mitchell, ‘Setting priorities: is there a role for citizens’ juries?’, British Medical Journal, vol. 312, no. 7046, 1996, p.1591.

[260] A detailed explanation of this model can be found in: Scotton, R ‘Managed competition’, in Economics and Australian Health Policy, edited by G. Mooney and R. Scotton, St Leonards, NSW, Allen & Unwin, 1998, pp.214-231.

[261] Submission No.63, p.23 (AHA, WHA, AAPTC).

[262] Scotton, p.218.

[263] Scotton, p. 217-8.

[264] Scotton, p.230.

[265] Duckett, S ‘The new market in health care: prospects for managed care in Australia’, Australian Health Review, vol. 19, no. 2, 1996, p.15.

[266] Duckett, S ‘Commonwealth/state relations in health’, in Health Policy in the Market State, edited by L Hancock, St Leonards, NSW, Allen & Unwin, 1999, p.86.

[267] Committee Hansard, 24.2.00, p.235 (NT Minister for Health).

[268] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.589 (Professor Richardson).

[269] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.359 (Health Department of NSW).

[270] Committee Hansard, 24.2.00, p.236 (NT Minister for Health).

[271] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.490 (Committee of Presidents of Medical Colleges).

[272] Committee Hansard, 23.2.00, p.146 (Professor Roberton).

[273] Committee Hansard, 11.11.99, p 120 (NRHA).

[274] Committee Hansard, 11.11.99, p.133 (AHIA).

[275] Submission No. 66, p.29 (NRHA).

[276] Submission No. 63, p.35 (AHA, WHA, AAPTC).

[277] Submission No. 62, Attachment, p.1 (ACHSE, NSW Branch).

[278] Submission No. 62, Attachment, pp.1-2 (ACHSE, NSW Branch).

[279] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.557 (Barwon Health).

[280] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.559 (Barwon Health).

[281] Committee Hansard, 23.3.00, p.561 (Barwon Health).

[282] Committee Hansard, 25.2.00, p.270 (HCC).

[283] Committee Hansard, 21.3.00, p.347 (Health Department of NSW).

[284] These concluding comments are drawn from CHERE’s report to the Committee.