Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Overview of Australian federalism

[1]        Submissions for the inquiry can be accessed at https://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/reffed_ctte/reffed/submissions.htm

[2]        Transcripts of the committee's public hearings for the inquiry can be accessed at https://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/reffed_ctte/reffed/hearings/index.htm

[3]        Sir Edmund Barton, Official record of the debates of the Australasian federal convention. Third session. Melbourne, 20th January to 17th March 1898, 2 vols.  Melbourne, Robert S. Brain, Government Printer, [1898]  17 March 1898, pp 2471, http://www.nla.gov.au/guides/federation/resources/conventions1890s.html
(accessed 31 May 2011).

[4]        Sir Richard Barker, Official record of the debates of the Australasian federal convention. Third session. Melbourne, 20th January to 17th March 1898, 2 vols.  Melbourne, Robert S. Brain, Government Printer, [1898]  17 March 1898, pp 2481 – 2482, http://www.nla.gov.au/guides/federation/resources/conventions1890s.html
(accessed 31 May 2011).

[5]        Sir Richard Barker, Official record of the debates of the Australasian federal convention. Third session. Melbourne, 20th January to 17th March 1898, 2 vols.  Melbourne, Robert S. Brain, Government Printer, [1898]  17 March 1898, p. 2482.

[6]        Dr Augusto Zimmermann and Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Submission 17, pp 8–9.

[7]        Commonwealth of Australian Constitution Act, s. 109.

[8]        Mr Holder, Official record of the debates of the Australasian federal convention. Third session. Melbourne, 20th January to 17th March 1898, 2 vols.  Melbourne, Robert S. Brain, Government Printer, [1898]  17 March 1898, p. 2496, http://www.nla.gov.au/guides/federation/resources/conventions1890s.html
(accessed 31 May 2011).

[9]        Mr Holder, Official record of the debates of the Australasian federal convention. Third session. Melbourne, 20th January to 17th March 1898, 2 vols.  Melbourne, Robert S. Brain, Government Printer, [1898]  17 March 1898, p. 2496.

[10]      Dr Augusto Zimmermann and Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Submission 17, p. 9.

[11]      There are nine territories, namely, the Australian Capital Territory, the Northern Territory, Christmas Island, Jervis Bay, Cocos (Keeling) Island, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Coral Sea Islands, the Australian Antarctic Territory, Heard and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island, and the Indian Ocean Territories, as listed in: Department of Regional Australia, Regional Development and Local Government, 'Territories of Australia', http://www.regional.gov.au/territories/ (accessed 31 May 2011).

[12]      Northern Territory Statehood Steering Committee, Submission 12, p. 4.

[13]      Northern Territory (Self-Government) Act 1978, s. 50 – 50A.

[14]      Australian Capital Territory (Self-Government) Act 1988, s. 23.

[15]      Jeffrey Harwood, John Phillimore & Alan Fenna, 'Federal implications of Northern Territory statehood', The Australian journal of public administration, vol. 69, no. 1, p. 35.

[16]      Northern Territory Statehood Steering Committee, Submission 12, p. 4.

[17]      Jeffrey Harwood, John Phillimore & Alan Fenna, 'Federal implications of Northern Territory statehood', The Australian journal of public administration, vol. 69, no. 1, p. 35.

[18]      Christian Porter, MLA, Attorney-General, Western Australia Government, Submission 44, p. 3.

[19]      Constitution Act 1902 (NSW); Constitution Act 1975 (Vic); Constitution of Queensland 2001 (Qld); Constitution Act 1934 (SA); Constitution Act 1899 (WA); Constitution Act 1934 (Tas).

[20]      Mr Holder, Official record of the debates of the Australasian federal convention. Third session. Melbourne, 20th January to 17th March 1898, 2 vols.  Melbourne, Robert S. Brain, Government Printer, [1898] 17 March 1898, p. 2497, http://www.nla.gov.au/guides/federation/resources/conventions1890s.html
(accessed 31 May 2011).

[21]      Mr Symon, Official record of the debates of the Australasian federal convention. Third session. Melbourne, 20th January to 17th March 1898, 2 vols.  Melbourne, Robert S. Brain, Government Printer, [1898] 17 March 1898, p. 2509, http://www.nla.gov.au/guides/federation/resources/conventions1890s.html
(accessed 31 May 2011).

[22]      Professor John Wanna, Professor John Phillimore, Professor Alan Fenna with Dr Jeffrey Harwood, Common cause: Strengthening Australia's cooperative federalism. Final report to the Council for the Australian Federation, p. 6.

[23]      CAF, Submission 38, p. 3.

[24]      Dr Augusto Zimmermann and Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Submission 17, p. 37.

[25]      Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, p. 8.

[26]      For example, ACCI, Submission 10, p. 2; CAF, Submission 38, p. 2 & Attachment A, Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, p. 8; Pearce Division Liberal Party of Australia, Submission 14, p. 1.

[27]      CAF, Submission 38, p. 2 & Attachment A, Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, p. 8.

[28]      CAF, Submission 38, p. 3.

[29]      CAF, Submission 38, p. 3.

[30]      Article 5, Treaty of the European Union, Consolidated version, C 115/18, 9 May 2008, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0013:0045:EN:PDF (accesssed 28 June 2011).

[31]      CAF, Submission 38, p. 3.

[32]      Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, p. 10.

[33]      Northern Territory Statehood Steering Committee, Submission 12, p. 7.

[34]      Dr Augusto Zimmermann, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2011, p. 61.

[35]      The Australian Local Government Association, Submission 24, p. 6.

[36]      Professor Brian Galligan, Submission 46, p. 13.

[37]      Professor John Wanna et al., Common cause: Strengthening Australia's cooperative federalism. Final report to the Council for the Australian Federation, May 2009, p. 14.

[38]      Professor Brian Galligan, Submission 46, p. 13.

[39]      Professor Brian Galligan, Submission 46, p. 13.

[40]      Professor Cliff Walsh, ‘Competitive Federalism—or Welfare Enhancing?’ in Productivity Commission, Productive reform in a Federal System, Roundtable Proceedings, 28 October 2005 (2006), p. 83.

[41]      Professor Cliff Walsh, ‘Competitive Federalism—or Welfare Enhancing?’ in Productivity Commission, Productive reform in a Federal System, Roundtable Proceedings, 28 October 2005 (2006), p. 84.

[42]      Professor Cliff Walsh, ‘Competitive Federalism—or Welfare Enhancing?’ in Productivity Commission, Productive reform in a Federal System, Roundtable Proceedings, 28 October 2005 (2006), p. 84.

[43]      Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, p. 9.

[44]      Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2011, p. 60.

[45]      Dr Augusto Zimmermann and Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Submission 17, p. 36.

[46]      Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, p. 15.

[47]      Professor Geoff Gallop, 'How healthy is Australian Federalism?', Senate Occasional Lecture, 25 February 2011, https://www.aph.gov.au/senate/pubs/occa_lect/transcripts/250211/index.htm (accessed 14 June 2011).

[48]      Dr Anne Twomey, Committee Hansard, 2 December 2010, p. 10.

[49]      NSW v Commonwealth (2006) 81 ALJR 34, per Kirby J (dissenting) at [558], as quoted in Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glennn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, p. 8.

[50]      Dr Anne Twomey & Dr GlennWithers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, p. 8.

[51]      Pearce Division Liberal Party of Australia, Submission 14, p. 1.

[52]      FamilyVoice Australia, Submission 8, p. 1.

[53]      Christian Porter, MLA, Attorney-General, Western Australian Government, Submission 44,
p. 2.

[54]      Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales, Submission 7, p. 1.

[55]      Rethink Australia, Submission 9, p. 2.

[56]      Professor George Williams, Committee Hansard, 2 December 2011, p. 13.

[57]      Naracoorte Lucindale Council, Submission 5; Christian Porter, MLA, Attorney-General, Western Australian Government, Submission 44.

[58]      Tasmanian Government, Submission 40, pp 3–4.

[59]      Christian Porter, MLA, Attorney-General, Western Australian Government, Submission 44,
p. 2.

[60]      Dr Augusto Zimmermann and Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Submission 17, p. 14.

[61]      Dr Augusto Zimmermann and Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Submission 17, pp 26–30.

[62]      Dr Augusto Zimmermann and Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Submission 17, p. 31.

[63]      Civil Liberties Australia, Submission 22, pp 3–4.

[64]      Anwar Shah (ed.) , 'Introduction, Principles of Fiscal Federalism' in Anwar Shah (ed), The Practice of Fiscal Federalism: Comparative Perspectives (Vol IV), 2007, London: McGill-Queen's University Press; IMF Yearbooks; Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 3, 2007–08, GST revenue to the States, http://www.budget.gov.au/2007-08/bp3/html/bp3_main-03.htm (accessed 22 Sep 2010).

[65]      Business Council of Australia, Modernising the Australian federation, A discussion paper, 2006, p. 11, http://www.bca.com.au/Content/101346.aspx (accessed 1 June 2011).

[66]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics, Finance and Public Administration, Rates and taxes: A fair share for responsible local government, October, 2003, Chapter 6, https://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/efpa/localgovt/report/fullreport.pdf (accessed 1 June 2011).

[67]      Productivity Commission, Assessing local government revenue raising capacity, April 2008. http://www.pc.gov.au/projects/study/localgovernment/docs/finalreport, (accessed 1 June 2011).

[68]      Anwar Shah (ed.) , 'Introduction, Principles of Fiscal Federalism' in Anwar Shah (ed), The Practice of Fiscal Federalism: Comparative Perspectives (Vol IV), 2007, London: McGill-Queen's University Press, p. 5.

[69]      Professor A. J. Brown, 'Thinking Big: Public opinion and options for reform of Australia's federal system', Public Policy, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 33, 36.

[70]      Professor John Wanna, Professor John Phillimore, Professor Alan Fenna with Dr Jeffrey Harwood, Common cause: Strengthening Australia's cooperative federalism. Final report to the Council for the Australian Federation, May 2009, p 2.

[71]      Australia 2020 Summit Final Report, 2008, p. 308, http://www.australia2020.gov.au/docs/final_report/2020_summit_report_full.pdf
(accessed 28 June 2011)

[72]      Tasmanian Government, Submission 40, p. 2.

[73]      CAF, Submission 38, p. 3.

[74]      Pape v Commissioner of Taxation (2009) 257 ALR1.

[75]      ALGA, Submission 24, p. 13.

[76]      New South Wales v Commonwealth (2006) HCA 52.

[77]      Dr Augusto Zimmermannn and Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Submission 17, p. 22.

[78]      Professor John Wanna, Professor John Phillimore, Professor Alan Fenna and Dr Jeffrey Harwood, Common cause: Strengthening Australia's cooperative federalism, p. 3.

Chapter 2 - Constitutional questions

[1]        Sir Edmund Barton, Official record of the debates of the Australasian federal convention. Third session. Melbourne, 20th January to 17th March 1898, 2 vols.  Melbourne, Robert S. Brain, Government Printer, [1898] 17 March 1898, pp 2470 – 2471, http://www.nla.gov.au/guides/federation/resources/conventions1890s.html
(accessed 31 May 2011).

[2]        Alfred Deakin, 18 March 1902, House of Representatives Hansard, p. 4.

[3]        Alfred Deakin, 18 March 1902, House of Representatives Hansard, p. 4.

[4]        Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd (1920) 28 CLR 129.

[5]        Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd (1920) 28 CLR 129, per Knox CJ, Isaacs, Rich and Starke JJ, at para. 142.

[6]        Dr Zimmermann and Mrs Finlay, Submission 17, p. 14; citing H Gibbs, 'The Decline of Federalism?' (1994) 18 University of Queensland Law Journal 1, 2–3.

[7]        Dr Augusto Zimmermann, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2011, p. 50.

[8]        Professor A. J. Brown, Committee Hansard, 1 February 2011, p. 40.

[9]        Dr Gavin Moodie, Increased Commonwealth control over Australian vocational education: implications of the High Court's Work Choices decision http://www.avetra.org.au/documents/56-Moodie.pdf , p. 3.

[10]      Dr Gavin Moodie, Increased Commonwealth control over Australian vocational education: implications of the High Court's Work Choices decision http://www.avetra.org.au/documents/56-Moodie.pdf , p. 3.

[11]      Anne Twomey & Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, p. 28.

[12]      For example, FamilyVoice Australia, Submission 8, p. 2; Pearce Division Liberal Party of Australia, Submission 14, p. 2; Dr Zimmermann and Mrs Finlay, Submission 17, pp 12–17.

[13]      Pearce Division Liberal Party of Australia, Submission 14, p. 2.

[14]      Christian Porter, MLA, Attorney-General, Western Australian Government, Submission 44,
p. 2.

[15]      Northern Territory Statehood Steering Committee, Submission 12, p. 7, citing Australian Review of Public Affairs University of Sydney, www.australinreview.net/digest/2007/election/wilkins.html 10 October 2007.

[16]      FamilyVoice Australia, Submission 8, p. 2.

[17]      Christian Porter, MLA, Attorney-General, Western Australian Government, Submission 44, p. 2.

[18]      Dr Augusto Zimmermann, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2011, p. 54.

[19]      New South Wales v Commonwealth (Work Choices Case) (2006) 229 CLR 1.

[20]      Dr Zimmermann and Mrs Finlay, Submission 17, p. 26.

[21]      Kirby J and Callinan J, New South Wales v Commonwealth (Work Choices Case) (2006) 229 CLR 1, as cited by Dr Zimmerman and Mrs Finlay, Submission 17, pp 23–25.

[22]      FamilyVoice Australia, Submission 8, p. 4.

[23]      Professor Brian Galligan, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 May 2011, p. 24.

[24]      Dr Anne Twomey, Submission 32, p. 1.

[25]      Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, p. 3.

[26]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 34, p. 5.

[27]      Christian Porter, MLA, Attorney-General, Western Australian Government, Submission 44,
p. 2.

[28]      High Court of Australia Act 1979, s. 6.

[29]      Dr Augusto Zimmermann and Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Submission 17, pp 52–53.

[30]      Dr Augusto Zimmermann and Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Submission 17, pp 54–55, citing G Moens, “The Role of the States in High Court Appointments”, in Upholding the Australian Constitution (Proceedings of The Samuel Griffith Society Conference, vol. 2, 1997).

[31]      Pearce Division Liberal Party of Australia, Submission 14, p. 3.

[32]      Professor George Williams, Foundation Director, Gilbert and Tobin Centre for Public Law, Committee Hansard, 2 December 2010, pp 15–16.

[33]      Professor Andrew Lynch, Professor George Williams, 'Beyond a federal structure: Is a Constitutional commitment to a federal relationship possible?', UNSW Law Journal Volume 31(2) 395 – 434, p. 414.

[34]      Re Wakim; Ex parte McNally (1998) 198 CLR 511.

[35]      Dennis Rose, 'The Bizarre Destruction of Cross-Vesting', in The High Court at the crossroads: essays in constitutional law, Stone, A., Williams, G. (eds), Federation Press, Annandale, 2000.

[36]      R v Hughes (2002) 202 CLR 535

[37]      R v Hughes (2002) 202 CLR 535, paragraph 34.

[38]      Professor Andrew Lynch, Professor George Williams, 'Beyond a federal structure: Is a Constitutional commitment to a federal relationship possible?', UNSW Law Journal Volume 31(2) 395 – 434, pp 416 - 417; Associate Professor Anne Twomey, 'Federalism and the use of cooperative mechanisms to improve infrastructure provisions in Australia', Public Policy (2007) volume 2(3) 211 – 226, p. 222.

[39]      Professor Andrew Lynch, Professor George Williams, 'Beyond a federal structure: Is a Constitutional commitment to a federal relationship possible?', UNSW Law Journal Volume 31(2) 395 – 434, p. 417.

[40]      Dr Anne Twomey, Submission 32, p. 4.

[41]      Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 7, p. 5.

[42]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 34, p. 6.

[43]      New South Wales Government, Submission 39, p. 9.

[44]      CAF, Submission 38, p. 8

[45]      Christian Porter, MLA, Attorney-General, Western Australian Government, Submission 44,
p. 3.

[46]      Tasmanian Government, Submission 40, p. 12.

[47]      Professor Andrew Lynch, ‘After a referral: The amendment and termination of Commonwealth laws relying on s 51(xxxvii)', Sydney Law Review, vol. 32, p. 375.

[48]      Dr Anne Twomey, Submission 32, p. 4.

[49]      Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 7, p. 6.

[50]      Thomas v Mowbray (2007) 233 CLR 307

[51]      Dr Anne Twomey, Committee Hansard, 2 December 2010, p. 3.

[52]      Dr Anne Twomey, Committee Hansard, 2 December 2010, p. 3.

[53]      Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 7, p. 6.

[54]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 34, p. 7.

[55]      Dr Anne Twomey, 'Federalism and the use of cooperative mechanisms to improve infrastructure provisions in Australia', Public Policy (2007) volume 2(3) 211–226, p. 213.

[56]      National Vocational Education and Training Regulator Bill 2010 [2011]; National Vocational Education and Training Regulator (Transitional Provisions) Bill 2010 [2011]; National Vocational Education and Training Regulator (Consequential Amendments) Bill 2011.

[57]      Parliament of New South Wales, Vocational Education and Training (Commonwealth Powers) Bill 201, http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/nswbills.nsf/131a07fa4b8a041cca256e610012de17/369f8ac5a0f6539eca2577e5003ac314?OpenDocument (accessed 1 June 2011).

[58]      Senate Legislation Committee on Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, 21 March 2011, p. 2.

[59]      Mr Paul Kildea, Director, Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, Committee Hansard, 2 December 2010, p. 18.

[60]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Reforming our Constitution: A roundtable discussion, June 2008, p. ix.

[61]      Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 7, p. 5; Dr Anne Twomey, Submission 32, pp 4–5.

[62]      House Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Harmonisation of Legal Systems within Australia and between Australia and New Zealand, 2006, Recommendation 1, p. xv.

[63]      Dr Anne Twomey, Submission 32, pp 4-5.

[64]      New South Wales Government, Submission 39, p. 9.

[65]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 34, p. 7.

[66]      Australian Electoral Commission, Referendum dates and results: 1906 – present., http://www.aec.gov.au/Elections/referendums/Referendum_Dates_and_Results.htm
(accessed 21 June 2011).

[67]      Professor Brian Galligan, 'Processes for reforming Australian federalism', UNSW Law Journal 31(2) (2008), p. 627.

Chapter 3 - Intergovernmental relations

[1]        Robyn Hollander, Haig Patapan, Pragmatic Federalism: Australian Federalism from Hawke to Howard, Australian Journal of Public Administration, Vol 66, Issue 3, p. 283 September 2007.

[2]        Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, p. 24.

[3]        Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, p. 24.

[4]        Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, p. 24.

[5]        Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, p. 28.

[6]        COAG, About COAG, http://www.coag.gov.au/about_coag/index.cfm (accessed 26 May 2011).

[7]        Gareth Griffith, Managerial federalism: COAG and the states, (December 2009), NSW Parliamentary Library Research Service Briefing Paper No. 10/09.

[8]        COAG, About COAG, http://www.coag.gov.au/about_coag/index.cfm (accessed 26 May 2011).

[9]        COAG, About COAG, http://www.coag.gov.au/about_coag/index.cfm (accessed 26 May 2011).

[10]      COAG, About COAG, http://www.coag.gov.au/about_coag/index.cfm (accessed 26 May 2011).

[11]      Gareth Griffith, Managerial federalism: COAG and the states, (December 2009), NSW Parliamentary Library Research Service Briefing Paper No. 10/09, p. 16.

[12]      COAG Website, 'Council of Australian Governments Meeting, 20 December 2007', http://www.coag.gov.au/coag_meeting_outcomes/2007-12-20/index.cfm
(accessed 26 May 2011).

[13]      Advice received from the COAG Secretariat in phone discussion, 26 May 2011.

[14]      Professor John Wanna, Professor John Phillimore, Professor Alan Fenna, Dr Jeffrey Harwood, Common Cause: Strengthening Australia's Cooperative Federalism, Final Report to the Council for the Australian Federation, May 2009, p. 27.

[15]      COAG Reform Council, 2010 COAG Reform Council Report: Report to the Council of Australian Governments on the COAG Reform Agenda, http://www.coagreformcouncil.gov.au/reports/progress.cfm (accessed 26 May 2011).

[16]      The reports are available at: COAG Reform Council, 'Reports', http://www.coagreformcouncil.gov.au/  (accessed 26 May 2011).

[17]      COAG, Commonwealth-State Ministerial Councils Compendium (July 2010), Foreword, http://www.coag.gov.au/ministerial_councils/docs/compendium.pdf (accessed 1 June 2011).

[18]      For a full list of Ministerial Councils, including objectives, membership and meeting arrangements, see Commonwealth-State Ministerial Councils Compendium (Updated, July 2010), http://www.coag.gov.au/ministerial_councils/docs/compendium.pdf

[19]      COAG, Commonwealth-State Ministerial Councils Compendium (July 2010) p. 3. http://www.coag.gov.au/ministerial_councils/docs/compendium.pdf (accessed 1 June 2011).

[20]      See Chapter 1, par. 1.53.

[21]      COAG, Reform of Ministerial Councils, http://www.coag.gov.au/ministerial_councils/index.cfm (accessed 26 May 2011).

[22]      COAG, COAG Communiqué: 13 Feb 2011, Attachment C – More Effective Ministerial Councils http://www.coag.gov.au/coag_meeting_outcomes/2011-02-13/index.cfm?CFID=1532&CFTOKEN=88180711 (accessed 26 May 2011).

[23]      COAG, Treaties Council,' http://www.coag.gov.au/about_coag/treaties_council.cfm (accessed 26 May 2011).

[24]      COAG , Commonwealth-State Ministerial Councils Compendium (July 2010), p. 10, http://www.coag.gov.au/ministerial_councils/docs/compendium.pdf
(accessed 29 June 2011)

[25]      COAG, Commonwealth-State Ministerial Councils Compendium (July 2010) p. 10. http://www.coag.gov.au/ministerial_councils/docs/compendium.pdf
(accessed 29 June 2011)

[26]      Australian Government Online Directory, http://www.directory.gov.au/index.php , (accessed 26 May 2011).

[27]      Australian Government Online Directory, http://www.directory.gov.au/index.php , (accessed 26 May 2011).

[28]      Professor A.J. Brown, In pursuit of the 'genuine partnership': local government and federal constitutional reform in Australia, University of New South Wales Law Journal, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 439.

[29]      The Inter-Governmental Agreement Establishing Principles Guiding Inter-Governmental Relations on Local Government Matters can be viewed at http://www.lgpmcouncil.gov.au/publications/files/Booklet_with_parties_signatures.pdf (accessed 26 May 2011).

[30]      Australian Council of Local Government, About the ACLG, http://www.aclg.gov.au/
(accessed 26 May 2011).

[31]      Australian Council of Local Government, About the ACLG, http://www.aclg.gov.au/
(accessed 26 May 2011).

[32]      Australian Local Government Association, Australian Council of Local Government Background Fact Sheets,, http://www.alga.asn.au/policy/ACLG/ (accessed 26 May 2011).

[33]      Gareth Griffith, Managerial federalism: COAG and the states, (December 2009), NSW Parliamentary Library Research Service Briefing Paper No. 10/09, pp 4–5.

[34]      Professor John Wanna, Professor John Phillimore, Professor Alan Fenna with Dr Jeffrey Harwood, Common cause: Strengthening Australia's cooperative federalism. Final report to the Council for the Australian Federation, May 2009, p. 13.

[35]      Council for the Australian Federation, Meetings, http://www.caf.gov.au/meetings.aspx (accessed 26 May 2011).

[36]      Australian Local Government Association, About ALGA, http://www.alga.asn.au/about/  (accessed 26 May 2011).

[37]      Australian Local Government Association, About ALGA, http://www.alga.asn.au/about/  (accessed 26 May 2011).

[38]      Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, p. 29.

[39]      Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, p. 28.

[40]      J Pincus, Productivity Commission, Productive Reform in a Federal System (Roundtable proceedings, Canberra, 2006), cited in Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, p. 29.

[41]      Mr Dominic English, First assistant secretary, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 5 May 2011, p. 49.

[42]      Mr Ron Perry, Assistant secretary, COAG Unit, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 5 May 201,1 p. 49.

[43]      The Hon John Brumby MP, Premier of Victoria, Does Federalism Work? (Speech to Australian New Zealand School of Government, 11 September 2008), p. 17, http://epress.anu.edu.au/anzsog/critical/pdf/ch02.pdf (accessed 24 June 2011).

[44]      Dr Augusto Zimmermann and Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Submission 17, p. 42.

[45]      Business Council of Australia, Modernising the Australian Federation, A Discussion Paper, June 2006, p. 8.

[46]      The Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 7, p. 2

[47]      Business Council of Australia, 2006, Reshaping Australia’s federation: A new contract for federal-state relations, Melbourne, BCA, www.bca.com.au/Content/100802.aspx
(accessed 1 June 2011).

[48]      CAF, Submission 38, pp 6–7.

[49]      NSW Government, Submission 39, p. 1; West Australian Government, Submission 44, p. 3; Tasmanian government, Submission 40, p. 10–11.

[50]      Business Council of Australia, 2006, Reshaping Australia’s federation: A new contract for federal-state relations, Melbourne, BCA, p. 36, www.bca.com.au/Content/100802.aspx (accessed 1 June 2011).

[51]      COAG Reform Council, About us – the secretariat, http://www.coagreformcouncil.gov.au/about.cfm, (accessed 12 April 2011).

[52]      Professor John Wanna, Professor John Phillimore, Professor Alan Fenna with Dr Jeffrey Harwood, Common cause: Strengthening Australia's cooperative federalism. Final report to the Council for the Australian Federation, May 2009, p. 9.

[53]      Business Council of Australia, 2006, Reshaping Australia’s Federation: A New Contract for Federal-State Relations, Melbourne, BCA, p. 28, www.bca.com.au/Content/100802.aspx

[54]      CISC, Our Organisation, http://www.scics.gc.ca/english/view.asp?x=176
(accessed 12 April 2011.

Chapter 4 - Vertical fiscal imbalance

[1]        Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, pp 37–38.

[2]        OECD, Economic Survey of Australia 2006: Fiscal relations across levels of government, http://www.oecd.org/document/32/0,3746,en_2649_201185_37149600_1_1_1_1,00.html (accessed 22 June 2011). For all countries other than Australia, the chart is based on 2003 figures. This is the most recent OECD comparative survey of fiscal relations across federal governments.

[3]        NSW Government, Submission 39, Appendix A, p. 2.

[4]        Council for the Australian Federation, Submission to the Commonwealth's Henry Tax Review (Australia's Future Tax System), May 2009, p. 3.

[5]        Commonwealth Grants Commission, Commonwealth-state financial relations, http://www.cgc.gov.au/fiscal_equalisation/navigation/1 (accessed 20 May 2011).

[6]        Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, pp 37–38.

[7]        The method for the distribution of GST revenue was initially agreed to at a Premiers' Conference on 9 April 2000.  At that Conference, the then Prime Minister together with the then Premiers and Chief Ministers of each state and territory agreed to the Intergovernmental Agreement on the Reform of Commonwealth-State Financial Relations. That agreement was annexed as Schedule 2 to the A New Tax System (Commonwealth-State Financial Arrangements) Act 1999. Section 13 of that Act provided for the calculation and distribution of GST revenue among the states and territories pursuant to the Intergovernmental Agreement. Section 13 was repealed by Item 19, Schedule 1 to the Federal Financial Relations (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Act 2009, which also retitled the earlier Act to become the A New Tax System (Managing the GST Rate and Base) Act 1999). Arrangements and calculations for the distribution of GST revenue are now contained in the Federal Financial Relations Act 2009 which commenced on 1 April 2009.   

[8]        Payments made by the Commonwealth to the states under s 96 of the Constitution.  Section 96, titled 'Financial assistance to States' provides: 'During a period of ten years after the establishment of the Commonwealth and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise provides, the Parliament may grant financial assistance to any State on such terms and conditions as the Parliament thinks fit'.

[9]        OECD, Economic Survey of Australia 2006: Fiscal relations across levels of government, http://www.oecd.org/document/32/0,3746,en_2649_201185_37149600_1_1_1_1,00.html (accessed 22 June 2011).

[10]      OECD, Economic Survey of Australia 2006: Fiscal relations across levels of government, http://www.oecd.org/document/32/0,3746,en_2649_201185_37149600_1_1_1_1,00.html (accessed 22 June 2011).

[11]      COAG, http://www.coag.gov.au/coag_meeting_outcomes/2008-03-26/index.cfm (accessed 26 May 2011).

[12]      COAG, Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) on Federal Financial Relations http://www.coag.gov.au/intergov_agreements/federal_financial_relations/index.cfm (accessed 26 May 2011).

[13]      COAG, Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) on Federal Financial Relations', Items 6 and 7, http://www.coag.gov.au/intergov_agreements/federal_financial_relations/docs/IGA_federal_financial_relations.pdf (accessed 26 May 2011).

[14]      COAG, Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) on Federal Financial Relations, http://www.coag.gov.au/intergov_agreements/federal_financial_relations/docs/IGA_federal_financial_relations.pdf (accessed 26 May 2011).

[15]      COAG, Intergovernmental Agreement on Federal Financial Relations (2009), cl. 19, http://www.coag.gov.au/intergov_agreements/federal_financial_relations/docs/IGA_federal_financial_relations.pdf (accessed 26 May 2011).

[16]      COAG, Intergovernmental Agreement on Federal Financial Relations (2008), cl. 19(a), http://www.coag.gov.au/intergov_agreements/federal_financial_relations/docs/IGA_federal_financial_relations.pdf (accessed 26 May 2011).

[17]      COAG, Intergovernmental Agreement on Federal Financial Relations (2008), cl. 26, http://www.coag.gov.au/intergov_agreements/federal_financial_relations/docs/IGA_federal_financial_relations.pdf (accessed 26 May 2011).

[18]      The five SPPs are a National Healthcare SPP; a National Schools SPP; a National Skills and Workforce Development SPP; a National Disability Services SPP; and a National Affordable Housing SPP. Each SPP is associated with a specific National Agreement between the Commonwealth and the states and territories which sets out mutually-agreed outcomes and performance benchmarks to be monitored and assessed by the independent COAG Reform Council.

[19]      As at 1 July 2010, COAG had agreed to six National Agreements: National Healthcare Agreement; National Education Agreement; National Agreement for Skills and Workforce Development; National Disability Agreement; National Affordable Housing Agreement and the National Indigenous Reform Agreement.  All are available at COAG, Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) on Federal Financial Relations, http://www.coag.gov.au/intergov_agreements/federal_financial_relations/index.cfm
(accessed 26 May 2011).

[20]      COAG, Intergovernmental Agreement on Federal Financial Relations (2008), cl. 19(c), http://www.coag.gov.au/intergov_agreements/federal_financial_relations/docs/IGA_federal_financial_relations.pdf (accessed 26 May 2011).

[21]      As at 26 May 2011, COAG had agreed to 16 National Partnership agreements, COAG, Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) on Federal Financial Relations, http://www.coag.gov.au/intergov_agreements/federal_financial_relations/index.cfm
(accessed 26 May 2011).

[22]      COAG, Intergovernmental Agreement on Federal Financial Relations (2008), cl. 23, http://www.coag.gov.au/intergov_agreements/federal_financial_relations/docs/IGA_federal_financial_relations.pdf (accessed 26 May 2011).

[23]      Ms Mary Anne O'Loughlin, Executive Councillor and Head of Secretariat, COAG Reform Council, Committee Hansard, 2 December 2010, p. 30.

[24]      Ms O'Loughlin, COAG Reform Council, Committee Hansard, 2 December 2010, p. 30.

[25]      Ms O'Loughlin, COAG Reform Council, Committee Hansard, 2 December 2010, p. 30.

[26]      Ms O'Loughlin, COAG Reform Council, Committee Hansard, 2 December 2010, p. 34.

[27]      Federal Financial Relations Act 2009, s. 3., http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2009C00218 (accessed 26 May 2011).

[28]      Federal Financial Relations (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Act 2009.

[29]      Federal Financial Relations Act 2009, s. 2. http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2009C00218 (accessed 26 May 2011).

[30]      Australian Government, 2010-11 Budget: Australia's Federal Relations, Budget Paper No. 3, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, pp 13–14.

[31]      Australian Government, 2010-11 Budget: Australia's Federal Relations, Budget Paper No. 3, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 8.

[32]      CAF, Submission 38, p. 5.

[33]      ACCI, Submission 10, p. 5.

[34]      NSW Business Chamber, Submission 30, p. 7.

[35]      Christian Porter, Attorney-General, Western Australia Government, Submission 44, p. 3.

[36]      Pearce Division Liberal Party of Australia, Submission 14, p. 3.

[37]      Pearce Division Liberal Party of Australia, Submission 14, p. 4.

[38]      Professor Brian Galligan, Submission 46, p. 10.

[39]      Professor Brian Galligan, Committee Hansard, 5 May 2011, p. 29.

[40]      Professor John Uhr, Committee Hansard, 5 May 2011, p. 33.

[41]      Professor Brian Galligan, Submission 47, p. 12.

[42]      Tasmanian Government, Submission 40, p. 7.

[43]      Dr Anne Twomey, Submission 32, p. 3.

[44]      Tasmanian Government, Submission 40, p. 5.

[45]      Business Council of Australia, Modernising the Australian federation, A discussion paper, 2006, p. 12, http://www.bca.com.au/Content/101346.aspx (accessed 1 June 2011).

[46]      Mr N. Warren, 'Summary and key findings' in Benchmarking Australia's Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangements, Final Report, May, 2006, NSW Government, p. xxx.

[47]      Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, p. 47.

[48]      Northern Territory Statehood Steering Committee, Submission 12, p. 7.

[49]      Professor Galligan, Submission 46, p. 13.

[50]      Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, p. 49.

[51]      Professor A.J. Brown, Submission 41, p. 9.

[52]      Mr Bryan Pape, Submission 20, p. 1.

Chapter 5 - Horizontal fiscal equalisation

[1]        John Wilkinson, Horizontal Fiscal Equalisation, Briefing Paper No 21/03, NSW Parliamentary Library Research Service, 2003, p. 1.

[2]        Commonwealth Grants Commission, Report on GST Revenue Sharing Relativities – 2010 Review, February 2010, Vol. 1, p. 22. 

[3]        Commonwealth Grants Commission, Report on GST Revenue Sharing Relativities – 2010 Review, February 2010, Vol. 1, p. 30.

[4]        Commonwealth Grants Commission, http://www.cgc.gov.au/fiscal_equalisation/navigation/4 (accessed 20 May 2011).

[5]        Federal Financial Relations Act 2009, s. 5.  Prior to 2009, the relevant provision was s. 13 of the A New Tax System (Commonwealth-State Financial Arrangements) Act 1999. That provision was repealed by Item 19, Schedule 1 to the Federal Financial Relations (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Act 2009, which also retitled the earlier Act to become the A New Tax System (Managing the GST Rate and Base) Act 1999).

[6]        Intergovernmental Agreement on Federal Financial Relations (2008), Item 25, http://www.coag.gov.au/intergov_agreements/federal_financial_relations/docs/IGA_federal_financial_relations.pdf (accessed 30 June 2010). See also: A New Tax System (Commonwealth-State Financial Arrangements) Act 1999, Sched. 2, Intergovernmental Agreement on the Reform of Commonwealth-State Financial Relations, Item 7.

[7]        Federal Financial Relations Act 2009, s. 5.

[8]        Federal Financial Relations Act 2009, s. 8.  For previous arrangements see s. 9 of the A New Tax System (Commonwealth-State Financial Arrangements) Act 1999.

[9]        Mr N. Warren, 'Reform of the Commonwealth Grants Commission: It's all in the detail', University of New South Wales Law Journal, vol. 31 no. 2 (2008), pp 530–552.

[10]      Under the Commonwealth Grants Commission Act 1973, ss 16, 16A, 16AA, the Commonwealth Grants Commission (the CGC) is responsible for inquiring into and reporting on matters relating to grants made to states and territories under s 96 of the Constitution, including matters referred to it by the relevant minister.

[11]      A New Tax System (Commonwealth-State Financial Arrangements) Act 1999, Sched. 2, Intergovernmental Agreement on the Reform of Commonwealth-State Financial Relations,
Item 8.

[12]      Dr Augusto Zimmerman and Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Submission 17, p. 48. 

[13]      Business Council of Australia, Modernising the Australian federation, A discussion paper, 2006, p. 11–12, http://www.bca.com.au/Content/101346.aspx (accessed 1 June 2011).

[14]      Ergas, H. 'The fiscal fighting turns feral', The Australian, 27 May 2011, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/commentary/the-fiscal-fighting-turns-feral/story-e6frgd0x-1226063672790 (accessed 2 June 2011)

[15]      NSW Business Chamber, Submission 30, p. 9.

[16]      Mr John Spasojevic, Secretary, Commonwealth Grants Commission, Committee Hansard,
5 May 2011, p. 19.

[17]      NSW Government, Submission 39, p. 8.

[18]      Tasmanian Government, Submission 40, p. 6.

[19]      NSW Government, Submission 39, p. 10.

[20]      Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, p. 49.

[21]      Commonwealth Grants Commission, Report on GST Revenue Sharing Relativities – 2010 Review, February 2010, Vol. 1, p. 1. 

[22]      Terms of Reference, Review of the GST Distribution, Commonwealth Grants Commission, http://www.cgc.gov.au/__data/assets/file/0015/21930/GST_Distribution_Review_Terms_of_Reference.pdf (accessed 23 May 2011).

[23]      Terms of Reference, Review of the GST Distribution, Commonwealth Grants Commission, http://www.cgc.gov.au/__data/assets/file/0015/21930/GST_Distribution_Review_Terms_of_Reference.pdf (accessed 23 May 2011).

[24]      Mandurah City Council, Submission 35, p. 6.

[25]      Mandurah City Council, Submission 35, p. 6.

[26]      Mandurah City Council, Submission 35, p. 6.

[27]      Productivity Commission, Assessing Local Government Revenue Raising Capacity, 2008, p. 94.

Chapter 6 - Local government

[1]        ALGA, Submission 24, p. 9.

[2]        ALGA, Submission 24, p. 9.

[3]        Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government, Local Government National Report, 2007-08, 2010, p. 11.

[4]        Mr Mark Newman, Chief Executive Officer, Mandurah City Council, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2011, p. 27.

[5]        ALGA, Submission 24, p. 10.

[6]        Geoffrey Lindell, 'Lessons to be learned from the Australian Capital Territory self-government model', in Peace, order and good government : state, constitutional and parliamentary reform, Macintyre, C., Williams, J., (eds), Wakefield Press, Kent Town, 2003, p. 47.

[7]        Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government, Local Government National Report, 2007-08, 2010, p. 19.

[8]        ALGA, Submission 24, p. 11.

[9]        Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 7, pp 440 – 443.

[10]      Department of Regional Australia, Regional Development and Local Government, 'Financial Assistance Grants to Local Government', http://www.regional.gov.au/local/assistance/index.aspx, (accessed 27 May 2011).

[11]      Local Government (Financial Assistance) Act 1995, ss. 3(4).

[12]      Local Government (Financial Assistance) Act 1995, s. 3.

[13]      Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government, Local Government National Report, 2007-08, p. 24.

[14]      Department of Infrastructure and Transport, 'Roads to Recovery funding conditions', http://www.nationbuildingprogram.gov.au/funding/r2r/r2r_funding_conditions.aspx/, (accessed 31 May 2011); Department of Regional Australia, Regional Development and Local Government, Guidelines: Regional and Local Community Infrastructure Program  Round 3 – 2010/11 – $100 Million, 2010, p. 1.

[15]      Department of Infrastructure and Transport, 'Roads to Recovery funding allocations
2009–2014', http://www.nationbuildingprogram.gov.au/funding/r2r/ (accessed 31 May 2011).

[16]      The Department of Regional Australia, Regional Development and Local Government website, Regional and Local Community Infrastructure Guidelines http://www.regional.gov.au/local/cip/files/RLCIP_Round3_100m_Guidelines_26Oct2010.pdf  (accessed 22 June 2011).

[17]      ALGA, Submission 24, p. 7.

[18]      Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government, Local Government National Report, 2007-08, 2010, p. 37.

[19]      ALGA, Submission 24, p. 8.

[20]      ALGA, Submission 24, p. 8.

[21]      Mr Adrian Beresford-Wylie, Chief Executive Officer, ALGA, Committee Hansard, 5 May 2011, p. 8.

[22]      ALGA, Submission 24, p. 8.

[23]      Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 7, pp 438 - 439.

[24]      Gold Coast City Council, Submission 36, p. 5.

[25]      Gold Coast City Council, Submission 36, p. 5.

[26]      Professor A.J. Brown, Submission 41, p. 10.

[27]      ALGA, Submission 24, p. 23.

[28]      Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, s. 96.

[29]      Western Australian Government, Submission 44, p. 4.

[30]      Australian Local Government Association, Submission 24, p. 13; Dr Anne Twomey, Committee Hansard, 2 December 2010, p. 5.

[31]      Australian Local Government Association, Submission 24, p. 13; Family Voice Australia, Submission 8, p. 6; Gold Coast City Council, Submission 36, p. 7.; Regional Development Australia Sunshine Coast Inc., Submission 15, p. 4; Western Australian Local Government Association, Submission 33, p. 5.

[32]      Pape v Commissioner of Taxation (2009) 238 CLR 1, para 8 per French CJ.

[33]      Bligh Grant, Brian Dollery, 'Constitutionalism, Federalism and Reform? Pape v Commissioner of Taxation & Anor – A conversation with Bryan Pape, Public Policy, Volume 5, 1 (2010), pp 53 – 63; Nicola McGarrity and George Williams, 'Recognition of local government in the Commonwealth constitution', (2010) 21 PLR 164, p p 185 – 186; George Williams, Advice re Pape v Commissioner of Taxation and direct federal funding of local government: opinion, 12 August 2009, Part C, www.councilreferendum.com.au/.../PAPE/ALGA_Advice_GeorgeWilliams_ 130809.doc (accessed 20 April 2011).

[34]      Dr George Williams, Advice re Pape v Commissioner of Taxation and direct federal funding of local government: opinion, para 27, www.councilreferendum.com.au/.../PAPE/ALGA_Advice_GeorgeWilliams_ 130809.doc (accessed 20 April 2011).

[35]      Dr George Williams, Advice re Pape v Commissioner of Taxation and direct federal funding of local government: opinion, para 28, www.councilreferendum.com.au/.../PAPE/ALGA_Advice_GeorgeWilliams_ 130809.doc (accessed 20 April 2011).

[36]      Dr Anne Twomey, Committee Hansard, 2 December 2010, pp 5–6.

[37]      Australian Local Government Association, Submission 24, p. 13.

[38]      Bligh Grant, Brian Dollery, 'Constitutionalism, Federalism and Reform? Pape v Commissioner of Taxation & Anor – A conversation with Bryan Pape, Public Policy, Volume 5, 1 (2010), p. 55.

[39]      Western Australian Local Government Association, Submission 33, p. 5.

[40]      Council for the Australian Federation, Submission 38, p. 6.

[41]      Western Australian Government, Submission 44, Appendix 1, p. 4.

[42]      Western Australian Government, Submission 44, Appendix 1, p. 4.

[43]      Council for the Australian Federation, Submission 38, p. 6.

[44]      Mr Dominic English, First Assistant Secretary, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 5 May 2011, p. 42; Mr Ronald Perry, Assistant Secretary, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 5 May 2011, p. 43;

[45]      Mr Dominic English, First assistant secretary, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 5 May 2011, p. 42.

[46]      Mr Dominic English, , First assistant secretary, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Committee Hansard, 5 May 2011, p. 42.

[47]      Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 7, p. 441.

[48]      Senator Gietzelt, Senate Hansard, 13 March 1974, p. 286.

[49]      Australian Electoral Commission, 'Referendum Dates and Results 1906 – Present', http://www.aec.gov.au/Elections/referendums/Referendum_Dates_and_Results.htm
(accessed 31 May 2011).

[50]      Nicola McGarrity and George Williams, 'Recognition of local government in the Commonwealth Constitution', (2010) 21 PLR 164, p. 168.

[51]      Professor A. J. Brown, 'In pursuit of the "Genuine Partnership" ', UNSW Law Journal. Vol. 31. No. 2, p. 441. Presented as Attachment 7 to Submission, 41.

[52]      Professor A. J. Brown, 'In pursuit of the "Genuine Partnership" ', UNSW Law Journal. Vol. 31. No. 2, p. 446. Presented as Attachment 7 to Submission, 41.

[53]      Australian Electoral Commission, 'Referendum Dates and Results 1906 – Present', http://www.aec.gov.au/Elections/referendums/Referendum_Dates_and_Results.htm (accessed 31 May 2011).

[54]      Nicola McGarrity and George Williams, 'Recognition of local government in the Commonwealth Constitution', (2010) 21 PLR 164, p. 169.

[55]      Professor A. J. Brown, 'In pursuit of the "Genuine Partnership" ', UNSW Law Journal. Vol. 31. No. 2, p. 447. Presented as Attachment 7 to Submission, 41.

[56]      Australian Local Government Association, Submission 24, p. 13.

[57]      Naracoorte Lucindale Council, Submission 5, p. 1; Regional Development Australia Sunshine Coast Inc, Submission 15, p. 4.

[58]      Councillor Debbie Blumel, Chair, Regional Development Australia Sunshine Coast, Committee Hansard, 1 February 2011, p. 20.

[59]      Nicola McGarrity and George Williams, 'Recognition of local government in the Commonwealth Constitution', (2010) 21 PLR 164, p. 164.

[60]      Nicola McGarrity and George Williams, 'Recognition of local government in the Commonwealth Constitution', (2010) 21 PLR 164, p. 166.

[61]      Nicola McGarrity and George Williams, 'Recognition of local government in the Commonwealth Constitution', (2010) 21 PLR 164, p. 168.

[62]      Dr Anne Twomey, Committee Hansard, 2 December 2010, p. 5.

[63]      ALGA, Submission 24, p14.

[64]      Councillor Blumel, Regional Development Australia Sunshine Coast, Committee Hansard, 1 February 2011, pp 22–23.

[65]      ALGA, Submission 24, p14.

[66]      Professor Brian Galligan, Submission 46, p. 3.

[67]      Professor Brian Galligan, Submission 46, p. 5.

[68]      ALGA, Submission 24, p. 17.

[69]      ALGA, Submission 24, p. 15.

[70]      Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 7, p. 436.

[71]      Dr Anne Twomey, Committee Hansard, 2 December 2010, p. 5.

[72]      Dr Anne Twomey, Submission 32, p. 4.

[73]      Western Australian Government, Submission 44, p. 3. 

[74]      Western Australian Government, Submission 44, p. 7.

[75]      Professor A. J. Brown, Committee Hansard, 1 February 2011, p. 45.

[76]      Family Voice Australia, Submission 8, p. 6.

[77]      Tasmanian Government, Submission 40, p. 9.

[78]      Tasmanian Government, Submission 40, p. 9.

[79]      Nicola McGarrity and George Williams, 'Recognition of local government in the Commonwealth Constitution', (2010) 21 PLR 164, p. 186.

[80]      Dr Anne Twomey, Submission 32, p. 4.

[81]      Gold Coast City Council, Submission 36, p. 7.

[82]      Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 7, p. 464.

[83]      Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 7, p. 464.

[84]      Professor A.J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 7, p. 466.

Chapter 7 - Regional governance and service delivery

[1]        Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 12, p. 12.

[2]        Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 13, p. 11.

[3]        Tasmanian Government, Submission 40, p. 13.

[4]        NSW Government, Submission 39, p. 10.

[5]        Professor Brian Galligan, Submission 46, p. 15.

[6]        Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 11, p. 19.

[7]        Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 11, p. 21.

[8]        Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, p. 44.

[9]        Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 11, p. 21.

[10]      Urban and Regional Development (Financial Assistance) Act 1974, s. 5.

[11]      Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 11, p. 16.

[12]      Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 12, p. 3.

[13]      Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 12, p. 3.

[14]      Regional Development Australia, http://www.rda.gov.au/FAQ.aspx, (accessed 31 May 2011).

[15]      Regional Development Australia, http://www.rda.gov.au/FAQ.aspx, (accessed 31 May 2011).

[16]      Regional Development Australia http://www.rda.gov.au/about/index.aspx, (accessed 31 May 2011).

[17]      Regional Development Australia, http://www.rda.gov.au/FAQ.aspx, (accessed 31 May 2011).

[18]      CAF, Submission 38, p. 8.

[19]      National Natural Resource Management Regions’ Working Group, Submission 29, p. 1.

[20]      RDA Barwon South West, Submission 4, p. 1.

[21]      RDA Wide Bay Burnett, Submission 13, p. 2.

[22]      Gold Coast City Council, Submission 36, p. 7.

[23]      Gold Coast City Council, Submission 36, p. 8.

[24]      RDA Wheatbelt WA, Submission 26, p. 2.

[25]      Professor A.J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 11, p. 16.

[26]      RDA Brisbane, Submission 19, p. 2.

[27]      RDA Sunshine Coast, Submission 15, p. 5.

[28]      RDA Peel, Supplementary Submission, p. 1.

[29]      CAF, Submission 38, p. 8.

[30]      Dr Anne Twomey, Submission 32, p. 5.

[31]      Australian Local Government Association http://www.alga.asn.au/links/regionalOrgs_removed.php#a1 (accessed 31 May 2011)

[32]      Australian Local Government Association http://www.alga.asn.au/links/regionalOrgs_removed.php#a1 (accessed 31 May 2011)

[33]      Australian Local Government Association, Submission 24, p. 21.

[34]      Australian Local Government Association, Submission 24, p. 22.

[35]      Australian Local Government Association, Submission 24, p. 22.

[36]       Electoral Commission of NSW website http://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/results/referendums_and_polls/state/29_april_1967 (accessed 24 June 2011)

[37]       Northern Territory Statehood Steering Committee, Submission 12, p. 8.

[38]      Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, p. 44.

[39]      Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 5, p. 39.

Chapter 8 - Reforming the federation

[1]        Dr Augusto Zimmermann and Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Submission 17, p. 58.

[2]        Business Council of Australia, Reshaping Australia's Federation: A new contract for federal-state relations, 2006, p. 3.

[3]        Professor Brian Galligan, Submission 46, p. 14.

[4]        Professor John Wanna, Professor John Phillimore, Professor Alan Fenna with Dr Jeffrey Harwood, Common cause: Strengthening Australia's cooperative federalism. Final report to the Council for the Australian Federation, May 2009, p. 3.

[5]        Business Council of Australia, Modernising the Australian federation, A discussion paper, 2006, p. 11, http://www.bca.com.au/Content/101346.aspx (accessed 1 June 2011).

[6]        Dr Augusto Zimmermann and Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Submission 17, p. 38.

[7]        Professor Brian Galligan, Submission 46, p. 6.

[8]        Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 1, p. 46.

[9]        Dr Anne Twomey & Dr Glenn Withers, Federalist Paper 1: Australia's federal future. Delivering growth and prosperity. A Report for the Council of the Australian Federation, April, 2007, p. 7.

[10]      Australia 2020, Final Report: The future of Australian governance.  p. 308.
http://www.australia2020.gov.au/docs/final_report/2020_summit_report_9_governance.pdf ,
(accessed 27 June 2011).

[11]      Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 7, p. 6.

[12]      Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 7, p. 6.

[13]      The Law Council of Australia, Submission 34, p. 11.

[14]      Rethink Australia, Submission 9, p. 7.

[15]      Professor Brian Galligan, Submission 46, p. 3.

[16]      Professor John Uhr, Submission 47, pp 1–2.

[17]      Dr Augusto Zimmermann and Mrs Lorraine Finlay, Submission 17, p. 41.

[18]      Professor John Uhr, Submission 47, pp 1–2.

[19]      Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, p. 5.

[20]      House of Representatives Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee, Reforming our Constitution (2008), p. x.

[21]      Mr Andrew Murray, response to the Australian Government's September 2009 Electoral Reform Green Paper, Strengthening Australia's Democracy, p. 10. Available as additional information https://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/reffed_ctte/reffed/submissions.htm

[22]      Australian Local Government Association, Submission 24, p. 17.

[23]      Professor A. J. Brown, Submission 41, Attachment 6.