Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Journals of the Senate, No. 7, 5 December 2013, pp 244–246.

[2]        Senate Selection of Bills Committee, Report No. 10 of 2013, Appendix 4, 4 December 2013.

[3]        Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) website, 'Submarine cable protection zones', http://www.acma.gov.au/Industry/Telco/Infrastructure/Submarine-cabling-and-protection-zones/submarine-telecommunications-cables-submarine-cable-zones-i-acma (accessed 3 January 2014).

[4]        ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 5, http://www.acma.gov.au/webwr/_assets/main/lib311258/acma_submarine_cables_report.pdf (accessed 3 January 2014).

[5]        Philip Dorling, 'Spy agency taps undersea cables', Sydney Morning Herald, 29 August 2013, p. 7.

[6]        The Submarine Cables and Pipelines Protection Act 1963 applies only to submarine cables beneath the high seas and are not in a protection zone. The Telecommunications Act `997 regulates telecommunications carriers.

[7]        Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clauses 4 and 18.

[8]        Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clauses 10 and 11.

[9]        Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clause 12.

[10]      ACMA website, 'Submarine cable protection zones', http://www.acma.gov.au/Industry/Telco/Infrastructure/Submarine-cabling-and-protection-zones/submarine-telecommunications-cables-submarine-cable-zones-i-acma (accessed 3 January 2014).

[11]      Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clause 5.

[12]      ACMA, Requesting a protection zone be declared, varied or revoked: Information guide, October 2010, p. 4, http://www.acma.gov.au/~/media/Regulatory%20Reform%20and%20Carrier%20Infrastructure/Advice/pdf/Requesting%20a%20Submarine%20Telecommunications%20Cable%20Protection%20Zone%20Be%20Declared%20Varied%20or%20Revoked%20Information%20Guide.PDF (accessed 3 January 2014).

[13]      Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clause 18.

[14]      ACMA, Requesting a protection zone be declared, varied or revoked: Information guide, October 2010, p. 2.

[15]      Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clause 15.

[16]      Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clause 17.

[17]      Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clause 16.

[18]      Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clause 21.

[19]      Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clause 19.

[20]      Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clause 21.

[21]      Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clauses 23–35.

[22]      Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clause 22.

[23]      Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clause 35.

[24]      Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clause 50.

[25]      Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clause 79.

[26]      Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, clause 80.

[27]      Submarine Cable (Northern Sydney Protection Zone) Declaration 2007, http://www.acma.gov.au/~/media/Regulatory%20Reform%20and%20Carrier%20Infrastructure/Regulation/pdf/Submarine%20Telecommunications%20Cables%20Submarine%20Cable%20Northern%20Sydney%20Protection%20Zone%20Declaration%202007.pdf (accessed 6 January 2014).

[28]      Submarine Cable (Southern Sydney Protection Zone) Declaration 2007, http://www.acma.gov.au/~/media/Regulatory%20Reform%20and%20Carrier%20Infrastructure/Regulation/pdf/Submarine%20Telecommunications%20Cables%20Submarine%20Cable%20Southern%20Sydney%20Protection%20Zone%20Declaration%202007.pdf (accessed 6 January 2014).

[29]      ACMA, Memorandum of Understanding, Between the ACMA and the Department of Defence and the Australian Defence Force, 22 December 2008, http://www.acma.gov.au/~/media/Regulatory%20Reform%20and%20Carrier%20Infrastructure/Information/pdf/Possible%20Damage%20to%20Submarine%20Telecommunications%20Cables%20Memorandum%20of%20Understanding.PDF (accessed 3 January 2014).

[30]      Submarine Cable (Perth Protection Zone) Declaration 2007, http://www.acma.gov.au/~/media/Regulatory%20Reform%20and%20Carrier%20Infrastructure/Regulation/pdf/Submarine%20Telecommunications%20Cables%20Submarine%20Cable%20Perth%20Protection%20Zone%20Declaration%202007.pdf (accessed 6 January 2014).

[31]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 1, http://www.acma.gov.au/webwr/_assets/main/lib311258/acma_submarine_cables_report.pdf (accessed 3 January 2014).

[32]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 12.

[33]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 26.

[34]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 17.

[35]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 17.

[36]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 17.

[37]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 17.

[38]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 17.

[39]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 17.

[40]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 18.

[41]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 18.

[42]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 19.

[43]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 19.

[44]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 22.

[45]      United Nations, United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf (accessed 6 January 2014).

[46]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 23.

[47]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 23.

[48]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 23.

[49]      Telecommunications Act 1997, Schedule 3A, Part 1, Section 2.

[50]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 24.

[51]      Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (Submarine Cable Protection) Bill 2013, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 2.

[52]      Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (Submarine Cable Protection) Bill 2013, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 5.

[53]      Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (Submarine Cable Protection) Bill 2013, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 5.

[54]      Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (Submarine Cable Protection) Bill 2013, item 20.

[55]      Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (Submarine Cable Protection) Bill 2013, items 20 and 29.

[56]      Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (Submarine Cable Protection) Bill 2013, items 47 and 77.

[57]      Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (Submarine Cable Protection) Bill 2013, item 51.

[58]      Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (Submarine Cable Protection) Bill 2013, items 54, 63 and 65.

[59]      Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (Submarine Cable Protection) Bill 2013, items 54 and 68.

[60]      Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (Submarine Cable Protection) Bill 2013, items 1, 2, 3, 85, 86, 87 and 88.

[61]      Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (Submarine Cable Protection) Bill 2013, items 27, 31, 54, 55, 68 and 69.

Chapter 2 - Key issues

[1]        SubPartners, Submission 4, p. 1.

[2]        SubPartners, Submission 4, p. 1.

[3]        Southern Cross Cables, Telstra, SingTel Optus, Australia Japan Cable and Basslink (Australian submarine cable operators), Submission 2, p. 2.

[4]        Australian submarine cable operators, Submission 2, p. 2.

[5]        Telstra, Submission 3, p. 4.

[6]        Telstra, Submission 3, p. 7.

[7]        Telstra, Submission 3, p. 7.

[8]        Department of Communications, Answer to question on notice, No. 1.

[9]        Telstra, Submission 3, p. 8.

[10]      Telstra, Submission 3, p. 8.

[11]      Department of Communications, Answer to question on notice, No. 1.

[12]      Department of Communications, Answer to question on notice, No. 1.

[13]      Item 42(c), Schedule 3A, Telecommunications Act 1997.

[14]      Telstra, Submission 3, p. 8.

[15]      Department of Communications, Answer to question on notice, No. 1.

[16]      Telstra, Submission 3, p. 8.

[17]      Telstra, Submission 3, p. 9.

[18]      Department of Communications, Answer to question on notice, No. 1.

[19]      Australian submarine cable operators, Submission 2, p. 3.

[20]      ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, September 2010, p. 4.

[21]      The AIS is an automatic tracking system used on vessels of greater than 300 gross tons for identification and location purposes.

[22]      All fishing vessels are required to have working VMS equipment. Australian submarine cable operators, Submission 2, p. 3.

[23]      Telstra, Submission 3, p. 6.

[24]      Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (Submarine Cable Protection) Bill 2013, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 2.

[25]      Department of Communications, Answer to question on notice, No. 2.

[26]      Telstra, Submission 3, p. 1.

[27]      Attorney-General's Department, Answer to question on notice, No. 4.

[28]      Joint submission from the Department of Communications and the Attorney-General's Department, Submission 1, p. 6.

Appendix 2 - Recommendations from the Australian Communications and Media Authority's Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime

[1]        ACMA, Report on the operation of the submarine cable protection regime, AMCA, Canberra, September 2010, p. 26.