Footnotes

Chapter 2 - The Australian healthcare system – expenditure, access and outcomes

[1]        See the Hon Joe Hockey MP, Shadow Treasurer and the Hon Andrew Robb AO MP, Shadow Minister for Finance, Deregulation and Debt Reduction, Joint Press Conference, 5 September 2013; 7.30, 'Joe Hockey blames Labor's legacy as debt ceiling rises', 22 October 2013, Transcript available from www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2013/s3874679.htm (accessed 17 March 2014); Paul Osborne, 'Debt ceiling lifted as audit announced', Sydney Morning Herald, 22 October 2013.

[2]        7.30, Health Minister flags increasing healthcare costs, 19 February 2014, Transcript available from: www.abc.net.au/news/2014-02-19/health-minister-flags-increasing-healthcare-costs/5270840 (accessed 17 March 2014)

[3]        OECD, OECD Health Statistics 2013 – Frequently Requested Data (2013). See also Professor Geoffrey Dobb, Vice-President, Australian Medical Association, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 1.

[4]        Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), Health Expenditure Australia 2011-12 (2013), p. viii.

[5]        Mr Simon Cowan, Research Fellow and TARGET30 Program Director, Centre for Independent Studies, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 20. Note: figures from the AIHW state that: 'In 2011–12, health expenditure as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) was 9.5 per cent, up from 8.4 per cent in 2001–02.' See Health Expenditure Australia 2011-12 (2013), p. viii.

[6]        The Treasury, Australia to 2050: future challenges (2010), p. 8.

[7]        Mr Phil Bowen, Parliamentary Budget Officer, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2014, p. 60; Dr John Daley, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2014, p. 2; Mr Simon Cowan, Research Fellow and TARGET30 Program Director, Centre for independent Studies, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 18.

[8]        OECD, OECD Health Statistics 2013 – Frequently Requested Data (2013).

[9]        OECD, Health at a Glance 2013 – Australia at www.oecd.org/australia/Health-at-a-Glance-2013-Press-Release-Australia.pdf (accessed 4 March 2014). See also Professor Geoffrey Dobb, Vice-President, Australian Medical Association, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 1.

[10]      Proof Committee Hansard, 5 February 2014, pp 2-3.

[11]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 7.

[12]      Proof Committee Hansard, 5 February 2014, p. 41.

[13]      Mr Ian McAuley, Ms Jennifer Doggett and Mr John Menadue, Submission 6, p. 27.

[14]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 12.

[15]      Proof Committee Hansard, 5 February 2014, p. 40.

[16]      Grattan Institute, Submission 1¸ Attachment 1, p. 71; Public Health Association Australia, Submission 14¸ pp 8-9.

[17]      Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 10.

[18]      Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, pp 60-61.

[19]      Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, pp 61-62. Note: regarding potential efficiencies, Professor Dobb stressed the need to improve arrangements for GP management of chronic and complex disease which has the potential to save $1.3 billion a year by managing people in the community rather than in the public hospital sector. See Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 1.

[20]      Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 61, 64. Note: a volumetric approach to the taxation of alcohol was supported by Professor Geoffrey Dobb, AMA, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, pp 64-65.

[21]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 5.

[22]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 9.

[23]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 7.

[24]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 9.

[25]      The Treasury, Australia to 2050: future challenges (2010), p. 8.

[26]      Dr John Daley, Balancing budgets: tough choices we need see Grattan Institute, Submission 1, Attachment 1, p. 71; these figures were based on The Treasury, Commonwealth Budget Papers 2012-13, Statement 6, p. 26 at www.budget.gov.au/2012-13/ (accessed 3 March 2015).

[27]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 33.

[28]      Ancillaries includes extras such as dental or physiotherapy services. See www.privatehealth.gov.au/healthinsurance/howitworks/ (accessed 11 March 2014)

[29]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 53.

[30]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 7.

[31]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 30.

[32]      More information on this ongoing review of MBS item numbers can be found at www.msac.gov.au/internet/msac/publishing.nsf/Content/reviews-lp (accessed 5 February 2014).

[33]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 8.

[34]      Submission 1 Attachment 1, p. 71.

[35]      Stephen Duckett et al. Australia's bad drug deal: high pharmaceutical prices (2013), Grattan Institute, p. 2.

[36]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 53.

[37]      Dan Harrison 'Health Minister Peter Dutton opens door to GP co-payment', in Sydney Morning Herald, 20 February 2014.

[38]      Australian Centre for Health Research, A proposal for affordable cost sharing for GP services funded by Medicare (October 2013), pp.1-2.

[39]      Australian Centre for Health Research, A proposal for affordable cost sharing for GP services funded by Medicare (October 2013), p. 2 and p. 11

[40]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 22. See also Mr Jeremy Sammut, 'Co-payment plan is no mortal blow against Medicare', Sydney Morning Herald, 12 March 2014.

[41]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 60.

[42]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 21.

[43]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 60.

[44]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 61.

[45]      Australian Medical Association, 'AMA reveals flaws in Australian Centre for Health Research co-payment proposal' at https://ama.com.au/gpnn/ama-reveals-flaws-australian-centre-health-research-co-payment-proposal (accessed 27 February 2014); see also " Doctors in cities unlikely to charge proposed $6 GP fee "at www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/doctors-in-cities-unlikely-to-charge-proposed-6-gp-fee/story-fneuz9ev-1226834097608 (accessed 27 February 2014).

[46]      Ms Doggett, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 February 2014, p. 38; Dr Duckett, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 31; Ms Vassarotti, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 15.

[47]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 71.

[48]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 49.

[49]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 10.

[50]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 10.

[51]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, pp 14-15.

[52]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 15. See also Ms Sue Ash, Chief Executive Officer, UnitingCare West, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 21.

[53]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 29.

[54]      Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 62.

[55]      Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 62.

[56]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 16.

[57]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 29.

[58]      Bianca Hall, 'Proposed GP co-payment would add $2 billion to Australia's health bill, modelling shows' in Sydney Morning Herald, 23 February 2014.

[59]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 49.

[60]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 9.

[61]      Consumer Health Forum Report by Ms Jennifer Doggett, Empty Pockets: Why Co-payments are not the solution (March 2014), p. 31 at www.chf.org.au/pdfs/chf/Empty-Pockets_Why-copayments-are-not-the-solution_Final-OOP-report.pdf (accessed 5 March 2014).

[62]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 9.

[63]      Dr Stephen Duckett, Submission to the National Commisison of Audit, p. 8 at http://grattan.edu.au/static/files/assets/f2bad06b/225_duckett_audit_health.pdf.

[64]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 67.

[65]      National Rural Health Alliance, Submission 22, p. 4.

[66]      See Doggett, Empty Pockets: Why Co-payments are not the solution, p. 26; see also the Henry Tax Review's report, which recommended 'the scope and structure of safety net arrangements be reviewed' Australia's future tax system, Part 2 Detailed Analysis, Chapter A1 at http://taxreview.treasury.gov.au/content/

[67]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 32.

[68]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 32.

Chapter 3

[1]        Commonwealth Budget 2002-03, Budget Paper 1, Statement 6, p.6 and Commonwealth Budget 2012-13, Budget Paper 1, Statement 6, p. 5.

[2]        Parliamentary Budget Office, Australian Government spending: Part 1: Historical trends from 2002-03 to 2012-13 (March 2013), p. 4.

[3]        Parliamentary Budget Office, Australian Government spending: Part 1: Historical trends from 2002-03 to 2012-13 (March 2013), p. 4.

[4]        Commonwealth Budget 2012-13, Budget Paper 1, Statement 6, p. 5.

[5]        The Hon Kevin Andrews MP, 'Welfare system', ABC AM Transcript, 21 January 2014, available from: http://kevinandrews.dss.gov.au/transcripts/41 (Accessed 18 March 2014); Jonathan Swan, 'Social Services Minister Kevin Andrews signals overhaul of welfare system', Sydney Morning Herald, 21 January 2014; for the report cited, see Department of Human Services, Statistical Paper no. 11: Income support customers: a statistical overview 2012, p. 2 at www.dss.gov.au/about-the-department/publications-articles/research-publications/statistical-paper-series (accessed 17 March 2013).

[6]        Department of Human Services, Statistical Paper no. 11: Income support customers: a statistical overview 2012, p. 2.

[7]        Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, pp 50-51.

[8]        Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 51.

[9]        Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 57.

[10]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 50, p. 54.

[11]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 50.

[12]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 44.

[13]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 47. See also Mr Ian Carter AM, Chief Executive Officer, Anglicare, WA, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 17.

[14]      Committee Hansard, 5 February 2014, p. 2; for the BCA's agreement that the Newstart allowance should be raised see the evidence given by Ms Maria Tarrant, Deputy Chief Executive, Business Council of Australia. Committee Hansard, 5 February 2014, p. 21.

[15]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 2.

[16]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 72.

[17]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 70.

[18]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 70.

[19]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 54.

[20]      7.30, 12 March 2014, Transcript available from www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2014/s3962156.htm (accessed 13 March 2014)

[21]      See ACOSS, answers to questions on notice from 18 February 2014 hearing.

[22]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 51.

[23]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 51. See also ACOSS, answers to questions on notice from 18 February 2014 hearing.

[24]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, pp 70-71.

[25]      The Hon Kevin Andrews MP, 'Coalition to renew homelessness agreement', Media Release, 30 March 2014.

[26]      The Hon Jenny Macklin MP, 'Abbott government cuts $44m in homelessness funding', Media Release, 30 March 2014.

[27]      Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, pp 19-20.

[28]      Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, pp 55-56.

[29]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 1.

[30]      SANE Australia, Submission 20, p. 1.

[31]      See ACOSS, answers to questions on notice from 18 February 2014 hearing.

[32]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 54. See also Ms Justine Colyer, Chief Executive Officer, Rise, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 27, 29; Mr Craig Comrie, Chief Executive Officer, Youth Affairs Council of Western Australia, Proof Committee Hansard 1 April 2014, p. 29.  

[33]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 53.

[34]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 53. See also ACOSS, answers to questions on notice from 18 February 2014 hearing.

[35]      Mr Ian Carter AM Chief Executive Officer, Anglicare WA and Ms Sue Ash, Chief Executive Officer, UnitingCare West, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 25.

[36]      Mr David Kernohan, Chair, Community Legal Centres Association of WA, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 34; Ms Lesley Kirkwood, Managing Solicitor, Women's Law Centre WA, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 35. 

[37]      Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 38.

[38]      Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 44.

[39]      Mr Chris Twomey, Director of Social Policy, West Australian Council of Social Service, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 13; Ms Sue Ash, Chief Executive Officer, UnitingCare West, Proof Committee Hansard, p. 19; Mr Ian Carter AM, Chief Executive Officer, Anglicare WA, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 19; Ms Justine Colyer, Chief Executive Officer, Rise, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014; Mr Craig Comrie, Chief Executive Officer, Youth Affairs Council of Western Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, pp 28-29; Ms Lesley Kirkwood, Managing Solicitor, Women's Law Centre WA, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 34, 36; Ms Sara Kane, Deputy Chair, Community Legal Centres Association of WA, Proof Committee Hansard 1 April 2014, p. 36; Mr John Bouffler, Executive Director, Community Employers WA, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 69.

[40]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 68.

[41]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, pp 68-69. See also Mr David Kernohan, Chair, Community Legal Centres Association of WA, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 34; Ms Chantal Roberts, Executive Officer, Shelter WA, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 52; Mr Michael Brown, Chairman, St Batholomew's House Inc, Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 57.

[42]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 69.

[43]      Jonathan Swan, 'Social Services Minister Kevin Andrews signals overhaul of welfare system', Sydney Morning Herald, 21 January 2014.

[44]      Mr Finn Pratt, Secretary, Ms Serena Wilson, Deputy Secretary, and Ms Carolyn Smith, Acting Deputy Secretary, Department of Social Services, Estimates Transcripts of Evidence, Community Affairs Legislation Committee Estimates Hearing, Thursday, 27 February 2014, pp 7-11.

Chapter 4

[1]        Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 39; see also Bernard Salt, 'Work's new faces: from sheet-metal workers to baristas', The Australian, 13 March 2013, p. 25.

[2]        See the ABS Catalogue number 6202.0, especially Labour Force data released in October 2013 and February 2014 at www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/6202.0 (accessed 20 March 2014).

[3]        ABS, Labour Force, Australia, February 2014 at www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/6202.0 (accessed 17 March 2014).

[4]        Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 11.

[5]        Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 52.

[6]        Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 41.

[7]        Now the Department of Employment. The data is the published quarterly estimates of unemployment by statistical local area, modelled from ABS labour force data. See Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 41.

[8]        Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 41.

[9]        Senator the Hon. Eric Abetz, Address to the Sydney Institute 'After the Thirty Years War', 28 January 2014 at https://abetz.com.au/speeches/address-to-the-sydney-institute-after-the-thirty-years-war (accessed 19 March 2014).

[10]      'Glenn Stevens on the $A, rates and growth' in Australian Financial Review, 13 December 2013 at www.afr.com/p/national/economy/full_transcript_glenn_stevens_on_g8FIuePVTxTVnSVJnv5knM (accessed 19 March 2014).

[11]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 13.

[12]      Mr Cowgill explained real-unit labour costs as: 'The change in the cost of employing labour on the one hand relative to the productivity of labour on the other hand'. See Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 13.

[13]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 13.

[14]      Jonathan Swan, Anna Patty and James Massola, ' Coalition MPs plot to strip workers' weekend and holiday penalty rates' Sydney Morning Herald, 8 March 2014.

[15]      'Productivity Commission review of the workplace relations framework Draft Terms of Reference', at http://images.theage.com.au/file/2014/03/07/5240170/PC_workplace_draftTOR.pdf (accessed 20 March 2014).

[16]      Daniel Hurst, 'Workplace relations: government moves to ease inquiry fears' in The Guardian, 7 March 2014, at www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/07/unions-warn-everything-up-for-grabs (accessed 20 March 2014).

[17]      Jonathan Swan, Anna Patty and James Massola, 'Coalition MPs plot to strip workers' weekend and holiday penalty rates' Sydney Morning Herald, 8 March 2014.

[18]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 11.

[19]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 12.

[20]      Media Release: 'Qantas Group Strategy Update', 27 February 2014, at www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/investors/2013HYMediaReleaseStrategyUpdate.pdf (accessed 20 March 2014).

[21]      Media Release: 'Important announcement from Ford Australia', 23 May 2013, at www.ford.com.au/about/newsroom-result?article=1249024395989 (accessed 20 March 2014).

[22]      Media Release: 'GM to Transition to a National Sales Company in Australia and New Zealand Company to cease manufacturing in Australia by 2017', 11 December 2013, at http://media.gm.com/media/au/en/holden/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/au/en/2013/Dec/1211_National_Sales_Company.html (accessed 20 March 2014).

[23]      Media Release: 'Market Conditions Force Holden to Restructure South Australian and Victorian Operations 4 August 2013' at http://media.gm.com/media/au/en/holden/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/au/en/2013/Apr/0408_restructure.html' (accessed 20 March 2014).

[24]      Media Release: 'Alcoa to Close Point Henry Aluminium Smelter and Rolling Mills in Australia', 17 February 2014, at www.alcoa.com/australia/en/news/releases/PTH.asp (accessed 20 March 2014).

[25]      Marissa Calligeros, 'Brisbane job losses as Brisbane refinery is closed', Brisbane Times, 2 April 2014.

[26]      ABC News, 'Boeing cuts: aeroplane manufacturer to shed 300 jobs from Port Melbourne plan by the end of 2014, 3 April 2014.

[27]      Wren Advisers, 'Hollowing out of Australian industry' at www.wrenadvisers.com.au/2013/11/job-losses-australia/ (accessed 19 March 2014).

[28]      Australian Government, Department of Employment, Industry Employment Projections, 2014 Report. Note: the projections are based on ABS employment data from November 2013 and the forecasts and projections in the December 2013 Mid-year Economic and Fiscal Outlook.

[29]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 39.

[30]      Mr Bernard Salt, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 39.

[31]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 43.

[32]      Mr Dan Simmonds, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p.5. See also the Geelong Manufacturing Council's website at www.geelongmanufacturingcouncil.com.au/.

[33]      Mr Dan Simmonds, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 5.

[34]      Mr Dan Simmonds, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 5.  See also www.deakin.edu.au/affric/about.php (accessed 1 April 2014).

[35]      Mrs Rebecca Casson, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 5. See also Jared Lynch 'Geelong given $6m to develop into sports tech hub', Sydney Morning Herald, 26 August 2013; Australian Sports Technologies Network website: http://astn.com.au/ (accessed 1 April 2014).

[36]      Mrs Rebecca Casson, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 5.

[37]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 3.

[38]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 9.

[39]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 22.

[40]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 22.

[41]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 26.

[42]      National Commission of Audit, terms of reference, p. 1.

[43]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 29.

[44]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 30.

[45]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 30.

[46]      CPSU, Answers to questions on notice from 13 March hearing, received 31 March 2014.

[47]      Proof Committee Hansard, 1 April 2014, p. 1.

[48]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 31.

[49]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 30.

[50]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, pp 19-20.

[51]      David Richardson and Richard Denniss, The Australia Institute, 'The regional impact of public service job cuts', Policy Brief No. 18, August 2010, p. 1.

[52]      ABS, Media Release Retail turnover rises 1.2 per cent in January 2014, 6 March 2014, at www.abs.gov.au/ausstats%5Cabs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyCatalogue/676AC4CC578D6559CA25773400204519?Opendocument (accessed 17 March 2014).

[53]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 19.

[54]      Proof Committee Hansard, 13 March 2014, p. 32.

Government senators' dissenting report

[1]        Mid-Year Economic and Fiscal outlook 2013-14, Part 1, p.1 at www.budget.gov.au/2013-14/content/myefo/download/2013_14_MYEFO.pdf (accessed 18 March 2014).

[2]        Mid-Year Economic and Fiscal outlook 2013-14 Part 1, p.3 at www.budget.gov.au/2013-14/content/myefo/download/2013_14_MYEFO.pdf (accessed 18 March 2014).

[3]        Parliamentary Budget Office, Australian Government Spending, Part 1: Historical Trends from 2002-03 to 2012-13, December 2013, p. 5.

[4]        IMF Country Report No. 14/51 Australia at www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr1451.pdf accessed 18 March 2014, p. 24.

[5]        Fran Kelly Interview, ABC Radio National, 13 May 2010.

[6]        IMF Country Report No. 14/51 Australia at www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr1451.pdf accessed 18 March 2014, p. 9.

[7]        IMF Country Report No. 14/51 Australia at www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr1451.pdf accessed 18 March 2014, p. 2, p. 9.

[8]        IMF Country Report No. 14/51 Australia at www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr1451.pdf accessed 18 March 2014, p. 8.

[9]        Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), Health Expenditure Australia 2011-12 (2013), p. viii.

[10]      Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), Health Expenditure Australia 2011-12 (2013), p. viii.

[11]      Parliamentary Budget Office, Australian Government Spending, Part 1: Historical Trends from 2002-03 to 2012-13, December 2013, pp 20-21.

[12]      The Treasury, Australia to 2050: future challenges (2010), p. 8.

[13]      Mr John Daley, 'Balancing budgets: Tough choices we need', The Grattan Institute November 2013, pp 10-11.

[14]      A Healthier Future For All Australians – Final Report of the National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission (June 2009), p. 3 at www.health.gov.au/internet/nhhrc/publishing.nsf/content/1AFDEAF1FB76A1D8CA257600000B5BE2/$File/Final_Report_of_the%20nhhrc_June_2009.pdf

[15]      Commonwealth Budget 2002-03, Budget Paper 1, Statement 6, p.6 and Commonwealth Budget 2012-13, Budget Paper 1, Statement 6, p. 5.

[16]      Department of Human Services, Statistical Paper no. 11: Income support customers: a statistical overview 2012, p. 2 at www.dss.gov.au/about-the-department/publications-articles/research-publications/statistical-paper-series (accessed 17 March 2013)

[17]      Parliamentary Budget Office, Australian Government Spending, Part 1: Historical Trends from 2002-03 to 2012-13, December 2013, p. 4.

[18]      The annual growth for social security and welfare is 3.7 per cent and its contribution to total growth is 15.7 per cent. See Parliamentary Budget Office, Australian Government Spending, Part 1: Historical Trends from 2002-03 to 2012-13, December 2013, p. 7.

[19]      Parliamentary Budget Office, Australian Government Spending, Part 1: Historical Trends from 2002-03 to 2012-13, December 2013, p. 1.

[20]      The Hon Kevin Andrews MP, 'Welfare system', ABC AM Transcript, 21 January 2014, available from: http://kevinandrews.dss.gov.au/transcripts/41 (Accessed 18 March 2014); ; Jonathan Swan, 'Social Services Minister Kevin Andrews signals overhaul of welfare system', Sydney Morning Herald, 21 January 2014; for the report cited, see Department of Human Services, Statistical Paper no. 11: Income support customers: a statistical overview 2012, p. 2 at www.dss.gov.au/about-the-department/publications-articles/research-publications/statistical-paper-series (accessed 17 March 2013);

[21]      Jonathan Swan and Dan Harrison, 'welfare overhaul excludes aged, family and parental benefits', Canberra Times, 22 January 2014, p. 1.

[22]      Dr David Gruen, Senate Economics Legislation Committee Hansard, 26 February 2014,
pp 24-25.

[23]      Proof Committee Hansard¸ 13 March 2014, p. 51.

[24]      Jonathan Swan, Anna Patty and James Massola, 'Eric Abetz promises penalty rate changes will only come from Fair Work umpire', Sydney Morning Herald 7 March 2014, at www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/eric-abetz-promises-penalty-rate-changes-will-only-come-from-fair-work-umpire-20140307-34c50.html#ixzz2yH5e695e (accessed 7 April 2014).

[25]      Joint Media Release, Treasurer, Minister for Finance, Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Public Service 19 November 2013.

APPENDIX 1

[1]        Department of Human Services, Statistical Paper no. 11: Income support customers: a statistical overview 2012, p. 2 at www.dss.gov.au/about-the-department/publications-articles/research-publications/statistical-paper-series (accessed 17 March 2013).