Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Journals of the Senate, 30 November 2015, pp. 3518-3519.

Chapter 2 - Army Aviation Centre Oakey and RAAF Base Williamtown revisited

[1]        Shine Lawyers, Submission 88, p. 4.

[2]        Shine Lawyers, Submission 88, p. 5.

[3]        Shine Lawyers, Submission 88, p. 5.

[4]        Shine Lawyers, Submission 88, p. 6.

[5]        Shine Lawyers, Submission 88, p. 8.

[6]        Department of Defence, Submission 87, p. 24.

[7]        Shine Lawyers, Submission 88, pp 6–7.

[8]        Toowoomba Regional Council, Submission 115, p. 1.

[9]        Shine Lawyers, Submission 88, p. 7.

[10]      Mr John Mills, Manager Water Operations, Toowoomba Regional Council, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 4.

[11]      Toowoomba Regional Council, Submission 115, p. 2.

[12]      Toowoomba Regional Council, Submission 115, p. 1.

[13]      Toowoomba Regional Council, Submission 115, p. 2.

[14]      Defence, 'Oakey – Army Aviation Centre – Groundwater Investigation Project', available at: http://www.defence.gov.au/id/oakey/Default.asp (accessed 2 December 2015).

[15]      Shine Lawyers, Submission 88, p. 3.

[16]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary, Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 41.

[17]      Dr Eric Donaldson, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 10.

[18]      Shine Lawyers, Submission 88, p. 9.

[19]      Shine Lawyers, Submission 88, p. 7.

[20]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary, Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 23.

[21]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary, Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 23.

[22]      Mr Kevin Flanagan, General Manager Water and Waste Services, Toowoomba Regional Council, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 1.

[23]      Mr John Mills, Manager Water Operations, Toowoomba Regional Council, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 3.

[24]      Toowoomba Regional Council, Submission 115, p. 2.

[25]      Queensland Government, Submission 112, p. 1.

[26]      Mr Kevin Flanagan, General Manager Water and Waste Services, Toowoomba Regional Council, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 1.

[27]      Mr Kevin Flanagan, General Manager Water and Waste Services, Toowoomba Regional Council, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 2.

[28]      Toowoomba Regional Council, Submission 115, p. 2.

[29]      Mr Kevin Flanagan, General Manager Water and Waste Services, Toowoomba Regional Council, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 6.

[30]      Shine Lawyers, Submission 88, p. 10.

[31]      Dr Eric Donaldson, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 7.

[32]      Dr Eric Donaldson, Submission 102, p. 1.

[33]      Dr Eric Donaldson, Submission 102, p. 1.

[34]      For example: Ron and Jenny Hess, Submission 123; Ms Sonya Street, Submission 91; Mr Gary Watson, Submission 90; Ms Dianne Priddle and Mr David Jefferis, Submission 86; Ms Coral Kennedy, Submission 81; Mrs Veronica and Mr Rodney Watson, Submission 74.

[35]      Ms Robyn Wilkins, Submission 105, p. 1.

[36]      Mr Brad Hudson, Submission 84, p. 1.

[37]      Ms Jennifer Spencer, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 13.

[38]      Mr Peter Jones, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 14.

[39]      Ms Dianne Priddle, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 14.

[40]      Professor Jochen Mueller, Professor of Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 25.

[41]      Professor Jochen Mueller, Professor of Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, pp 27–28.

[42]      Dr Ian Gardner, Principal Medical Advisor and Special Consultant to the Secretary, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 38.

[43]      Department of Defence, Submission 87, p. 24.

[44]      Shine Lawyers, Supplementary Submission 88.1, p. 7.

[45]      Department of Defence, Submission 87, p. 11.

[46]      Shine Lawyers, Submission 88, p. 23.

[47]      Shine Lawyers, Supplementary Submission 88.1, p. 7.

[48]      Dr Jeannette Young, Chief Health Officer and Deputy Director-General, Prevention Division, Queensland Department of Health, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 35.

[49]      Toowoomba Regional Council, Submission 115, p. 2.

[50]      Shine Lawyers, Supplementary Submission 88.1, pp 5–6.

[51]      Mr Peter Shannon, Legal Partner, Shine Lawyers, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 19.

[52]      Mr Peter Shannon, Legal Partner, Shine Lawyers, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 22.

[53]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary, Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 38.

[54]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary, Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 42.

[55]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary, Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 39.

[56]      Department of Defence, Submission 87, p. 25.

[57]      Mr Jim Reeves, Director-General, Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 29.

[58]      Mr Jim Reeves, Director-General, Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 29.

[59]      Mr Jim Reeves, Director-General, Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 29.

[60]      Mr Jim Reeves, Director-General, Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 30.

[61]      Queensland Government, Submission 112, p. 1.

[62]      Mr Jim Reeves, Director-General, Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 30.

[63]      Mr Andrew Connor, Executive Director, Industry, Development and South Queensland Compliance, Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 32.

[64]      Dr Jeannette Young, Chief Health Officer and Deputy Director-general, Prevention Division, Queensland Department of Health, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 35.

[65]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary, Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 39.

[66]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary, Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 13.

[67]      Mr Kevin Flanagan, General Manager Water and Waste Services, Toowoomba Regional Council, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 1.

[68]      Toowoomba Regional Council, Submission 115, p. 2.

[69]      Toowoomba Regional Council, Submission 115, p. 2.

[70]      Dr Eric Donaldson, Submission 102, p. 1.

[71]      Shine Lawyers, Submission 88, pp 24-25.

[72]      Mr Michael Lysewycz, Defence Special Counsel, Defence Legal, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 37.

[73]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary, Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 12.

[74]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary, Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 13.

[75]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary, Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 12.

[76]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary, Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 16.

[77]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary, Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 13.

[78]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary, Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 18.

[79]      Senator the Hon Marise Payne, Minister for Defence, Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Additional Estimates Hearings, Estimates Hansard, 10 February 2016, pp 10–11.

[80]      Australian Government Response to the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee Report: Inquiry into firefighting foam contamination Part A—RAAF Base Williamtown pp 1–12.

[81]      Australian Government Response to the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee Report: Inquiry into firefighting foam contamination Part A—RAAF Base Williamtown, p. 6.

[82]      Australian Government Response to the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee Report: Inquiry into firefighting foam contamination Part A—RAAF Base Williamtown, p. 6.

[83]      Australian Government Response to the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee Report: Inquiry into firefighting foam contamination Part A—RAAF Base Williamtown, p. 9.

[84]      Australian Government Response to the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee Report: Inquiry into firefighting foam contamination Part A—RAAF Base Williamtown, pp 3–4.

[85]      Dr Ian Gardner, Principal Medical Advisor and Special Consultant to the Secretary, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 41.

Chapter 3 - Other Commonwealth, state and territory sites

[1]        Department of the Environment, Submission 114, p. 2.

[2]        Professor Jochen Mueller, Professor of Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 27.

[3]        Dr Brian Richards, Director, National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 26.

[4]        Department of Health, Environmental Health Standing Committee of the Australian Health Protection Principle Committee, enHealth Guidance Statements on Perfluorinated Chemicals, March 2016, p. 3.

[5]        National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme, Submission 47, p. 2.

[6]        Dr Mariann Lloyd-Smith, Senior Advisor, National Toxics Network, Committee Hansard,
7 April 2016, p. 7.

[7]        Dr Mariann Lloyd-Smith, Senior Advisor, National Toxics Network, Committee Hansard,
7 April 2016, p. 8.

[8]        Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee, POPRC-11/4: Pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (CAS No: 335-67-1, PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid), its salts and PFOA-related compounds, http://chm.pops.int/TheConvention/POPsReviewCommittee/ReportsandDecisions/tabid/3309/Default.aspx, accessed 22 April 2016.

[9]        Dr Mariann Lloyd-Smith, Senior Advisor, National Toxics Network, Committee Hansard,
7 April 2016, p. 8.

[10]      Mr Peter Shannon, Legal Partner, Shine Lawyers, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016,
pp 19–20.

[11]      For example: Mr John and Mrs Sue Luke, Submission 12, pp 1–2; Ms Trish McLuckie and Mr Martin Vitiello, Submission 21, p. 3; Port Stephens Greens, Submission 31, p. 2; Ms Julie Bailey, Submission 53, p. 1; Ms Jennifer Spencer and Mr Chris Weise, Submission 59, p. 1; Ms Susan Dodt, Submission 70, p.1; Dr Michelle Chan, Submission 75, p. 2; Name withheld, Submission 83, p. 2; Mrs Samantha Kelly, Submission 95, p. 2; Ms Yvette Davidson, Submission 99, p. 1; and Name withheld, Submission 107, pp 1–2.

[12]      Department of Health, Environmental Health Standing Committee of the Australian Health Protection Principle Committee, enHealth Guidance Statements on Perfluorinated Chemicals, March 2016, p. 4.

[13]      NSW Chief Scientist and Engineer, answer to a question on notice, 3 December 2015 (received 21 April 2016).

[14]      Dr Jeanette Young, Chief Health Officer and Deputy Director-general, Prevention Division, Department of Health, Queensland, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 34.

[15]      Victorian Government, Submission 121, Attachment 1.

[16]      Dr Mariann Lloyd-Smith, Senior Advisor, National Toxics Network, Committee Hansard,
7 April 2016, pp 8–9.

[17]      Shine Lawyers, Submission 88, p. 24.

[18]      Mr Rory Ross, Senior Solicitor, Shine Lawyers, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 18. 

[19]      Department of Health, Environmental Health Standing Committee of the Australian Health Protection Principle Committee, enHealth Guidance Statements on Perfluorinated Chemicals, March 2016, p. 4.

[20]      Department of Defence, Supplementary Submission 87.1, pp 3–4.

[21]      Department of Defence, answer to question on notice, no. 5, Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Additional Estimates Hearings, 10 February 2016.

[22]      Department of Defence, Supplementary Submission 87.1, p. 5.

[23]      Airservices Australia, Submission 113, p. 4.

[24]      Victorian Government, Submission 121, pp 1–3.

[25]      Department of the Environment, response to question on notice, 7 April 2016, (received 21 April 2016), pp 1–2.

[26]      For example: Ms Deborah Sketchley, Submission 7, p. 1; National Toxics Network, Submission 29, p. 3; Port Stephens Greens, Submission 31, p. 2; Fire Protection Association Australia, Submission 116, p. 10; Mr Mike Willson, Submission 119, p. 1.

[27]      Department of the Environment, Submission 114, p. 3.

[28]      Mr Andrew McNee, Assistant Secretary, Chemicals and Waste Branch, Department of the Environment, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 37.

[29]      Department of the Environment, Submission 114, pp 2–3.

[30]      Department of Defence, Supplementary Submission 87.1, p. 9.

[31]      Department of Defence, Supplementary Submission 87.1, pp 9–10.

[32]      Shine Lawyers, Supplementary Submission 88.1, p. 4.

[33]      Department of Defence, Supplementary Submission 87.1, p. 7.

[34]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 18.

[35]      Australian Government, Response to the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee report: inquiry into firefighting foam contamination Part A – RAAF Base Williamtown, April 2016, p. 6.

[36]      Australian Government, Response to the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee report: Inquiry into firefighting foam contamination Part A – RAAF Base Williamtown, April 2016, p. 6.

[37]      NSW Environmental Protection Agency, 'Department of Defence and NSW Government investigating chemicals around Williamtown RAAF Base', Media release, 3 September 2015.

[38]      NSW Government Gazette, No 92 of 30, October 2015, p. 3426.

[39]      Department of Defence, Submission 87, p. 17.

[40]      Department of Defence, Submission 87, p. 17.

[41]      NSW Government, 'NSW Government help for Williamtown residents', Media release, 23 December 2015, p. 1.

[42]      Dr Jeannette Young, Queensland Department of Health's Chief Health Officer and Deputy Director-General, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, pp 35–36.

[43]      Queensland Government, Submission 112, p. 1.

[44]      Queensland Government, Submission 112, p. 2.

[45]      Mr Brett Staines, Chair, Technical Advisory Committee for Special Hazard Fire Protection Systems, Fire Protection Association Australia, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 5.

[46]      Mr Mike Willson, Submission 119, pp 1–11.

[47]      Parliament of Victoria, Environment, Natural Resources and Regional Development Committee, 'Report and Response', Inquiry into the CFA Training College at Fiskville, http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/enrrdc/article/2526, accessed 22 April 2016.

[48]      Parliament of Victoria, Environment, Natural Resources and Regional Development Committee, Inquiry into the CFA Training College at Fiskville: Interim Report, June 2015, p. xiii.  

[49]      Victorian Government, Submission 121, Attachment 1.

[50]      Airservices Australia, Submission 113, pp 12–15.

[51]      Dr Rob Weaver, Executive General Manager, Safety, Environment and Assurance, Airservices Australia, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 28.

[52]      Airservices Australia, Submission 113, p. 13.

[53]      Dr Rob Weaver, Executive General Manager, Safety, Environment and Assurance, Airservices Australia, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 28.

[54]      Department of the Environment, response to question on notice, 7 April 2016, (received 21 April 2016), p. 3.

[55]      Professor Mark Taylor, Stage One of Review of the NSW Environment Protection Authority’s (EPA) Management of Contaminated Sites Interim Chronology of Williamtown RAAF Base Contamination: Interim Report, 14 December 2015, pp 27–28.

[56]      Professor Mark Taylor, Stage One of Review of the NSW Environment Protection Authority’s (EPA) Management of Contaminated Sites Interim Chronology of Williamtown RAAF Base Contamination: Interim Report, 14 December 2015, pp 27–28.

[57]      Department of the Environment, http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc, accessed 20 April 2016.

[58]      Mr Matt Cahill, First Assistant Secretary, Environmental Standards Division, Department of the Environment, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, pp 43–44.

[59]      Department of the Environment, response to question on notice, 7 April 2016, (received 21 April 2016), p. 3.

[60]      Mr Shane Gaddes, Assistant Secretary, Compliance and Enforcement Branch, Department of the Environment, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 38.

[61]      Mr James Tregurtha, Assistant Secretary, Policy and Reform Branch, Department of the Environment, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 41.

[62]      Department of the Environment, response to question on notice, 7 April 2016, (received 21 April 2016), p. 3.

[63]      Mr James Tregurtha, Assistant Secretary, Policy and Reform Branch, Department of the Environment, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 37.

[64]      Department of the Environment, response to question on notice, 7 April 2016, (received 21 April 2016), p. 6.

[65]      Mr James Tregurtha, Assistant Secretary, Policy and Reform Branch, Department of the Environment, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 42.

[66]      Mr James Tregurtha, Assistant Secretary, Policy and Reform Branch, Department of the Environment, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 41.

[67]      Mr James Tregurtha, Assistant Secretary, Policy and Reform Branch, Department of the Environment, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 44-45.

[68]      Department of the Environment, response to question on notice, 7 April 2016, (received 21 April 2016), p. 4.

[69]      Mr Shane Gaddes, Assistant Secretary, Compliance and Enforcement Branch, Department of the Environment, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 42.

[70]      Mr Shane Gaddes, Assistant Secretary, Compliance and Enforcement Branch, Department of the Environment, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 45.

[71]      Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Firefighting foam contamination Part A—RAAF Base Williamtown, February 2016, pp 5–6.

[72]      Airservices Australia, Submission 113, p. 11.

[73]      Dr Brian Richards, Director, National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 26; and Professor Jochen Mueller, Professor of Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 27.

[74]      Mr Steven Grzeskowiak, Deputy Secretary Estate and Infrastructure, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 7 April 2016, p. 20.

[75]      Mr Rory Ross, Senior Solicitor, Shine Lawyers, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 18.

Chapter 4 - Conclusion: moving forward

[1]        Mr Nathaniel Roberts, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 17.

[2]        Dr Mariann Lloyd-Smith, Senior Advisor, National Toxics Network, Committee Hansard,
7 April 2016, p. 10.

[3]        Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Firefighting foam contamination Part A—RAAF Base Williamtown, February 2016, p. 8.

[4]        Sonia Colvile and Nicole McCarron, Environmental Issues Associated with Defence Use of Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFF), Environment Stewardship, Environment, Heritage and Risk Branch, May 3003, p. 1.

[5]        See, for example, Action and inaction, transparency and secrecy in the NT, http://blogs.crikey.com.au/northern/2016/04/19/action-and-inaction-transparency-and-secrecy-in-the-nt/, accessed 19 April 2016.

Dissenting report of Coalition senators

[1]        Department of Health, Environmental Health Standing Committee of the Australian Health Protection Principle Committee, enHealth Guidance Statements on Perfluorinated Chemicals, March 2016, p. 3.

[2]        National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme, Submission 47, p. 2.

[3]        Committee Hansard, 9 March 2016, p. 25.

[4]        Department of Health, Environmental Health Standing Committee of the Australian Health Protection Principle Committee, enHealth Guidance Statements on Perfluorinated Chemicals, March 2016, p. 4.

[5]        Department of Defence, Supplementary Submission 87.1, p. 5.

[6]        Department of Defence, Supplementary Submission 87.1, p. 9.

[7]        Australian Government, Response to the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee report: Inquiry into firefighting foam contamination Part A – RAAF Base Williamtown, April 2016, p. 6.

Additional Comments from the Australian Greens

[1]        "PFOS and PFOS – Williamtown RAAF Site Contamination", Department of Health, October 2015, accessed: http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/factsheets/Pages/RAAF-site-contamination.aspx

[2]        "Blood testing, a waste of money?" RAAF Advocate, November 2015.