Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Under the previous government, the Department of Agriculture (DA) was known as the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF). The area of DAFF responsible for the management of biosecurity was formerly known as DAFF Biosecurity.

[2]        This inquiry was undertaken by committee's legislation committee pair, the Rural and Regional Affairs Legislation Committee.

[3]        Department of Primary Industries and Energy, M.E. Nairn, P.G. Allen, A.R. Inglis and C. Tanner, Australian Quarantine – a shared responsibility, Canberra, 1996.

[4]        Beale, Roger et al, One Biosecurity: a working partnership, 30 September 2008, p. ix.

[5]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 1.

[6]        Explanatory Memorandum, Biosecurity Bill 2012, p. 1.

[7]        Explanatory Memorandum, Biosecurity Bill 2012, p. 1.

[8]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system: New biosecurity legislation, July 2012, p. 5.

[9]        Biosecurity Bill 2012, Explanatory Memorandum, Clause 166, p. 186.

[10]      Biosecurity Bill 2012, Explanatory Memorandum, Clause 167, p. 186.

[1]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 8. (The Secretary of the Department of Agriculture is appointed the Director of Animal and Plant Quarantine under the Act).

[2]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6.

[3]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6.

[4]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – an update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 6.

[5]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6; and Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – an update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 6.

[6]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6 and Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – an update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 6.

[7]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6 and Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – an update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 6.

[8]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6.

[9]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6.

[10]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 33.

[11]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6. [The full SPS agreement is set out in Annex 2 of the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 22].

[12]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6.

[13]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6.

[14]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 15.

[15]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 9.

[16]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, pp 9–10.

[17]      Pest risk analysis is a concept that is derived from international standards contained in the International Plant Protection Convention. Australia's regulated IRA process is, in fact, an augmented version of a pest risk analysis as defined in international standards (that is, the IRA process contains additional consultative and administrative elements. So, although pest risk analysis may be a 'lesser' form of risk analysis that the regulated IRA process, it contains many of the same elements and, often, a significant level of detail.

[18]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 12.

[19]      Further details regarding the Eminent Scientists Group (ESG) can be found in Annex 6 of the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 36.

[20]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 18.

[21]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 19.

[22]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reforms to the Import Risk Analysis Process, Fact Sheet – September 2007, www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/386725/ira-factsheet.pdf, accessed, 18 February 2013.

[23]      The following section is based on information contained in Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 20.

[24]      Second Reading Speech, Biosecurity Bill 2012, Inspector-General of Biosecurity Bill 2012, 28 November 2012, p. 10085.

[25]      Second Reading Speech, Biosecurity Bill 2012, Inspector-General of Biosecurity Bill 2012, 28 November 2012, p. 10086.

[26]      Second Reading Speech, Biosecurity Bill 2012, Inspector-General of Biosecurity Bill 2012, 28 November 2012, p. 10087.

[27]      Second Reading Speech, Biosecurity Bill 2012, Inspector-General of Biosecurity Bill 2012, 28 November 2012, p. 10087.

[28]      Plant Health Australia, Government and Plant Industry Cost Sharing Deed in respect of Emergency Plant Pest Responses, January 2013, Schedule 8, p. 104.

[29]      Plant Health Australia, Government and Plant Industry Cost Sharing Deed in respect of Emergency Plant Pest Responses, January 2013, pp 1–2.

[30]      This table is based on information contained in Plant Health Australia, Government and Plant Industry Cost Sharing Deed in respect of Emergency Plant Pest Responses, January 2013, p. 20 and Schedule 3, pp 65–66.

[31]      Plant Health Australia, Government and Plant Industry Cost Sharing Deed in respect of Emergency Plant Pest Responses, January 2013, Schedule 7, p. 95.

[32]      Plant Health Australia, Emergency Plant Pest Response Deed (EPPRD), Questions and Answers, February 2011, p. 9.

[33]      Department of Primary Industries and Energy, M.E. Nairn, P.G. Allen, A.R. Inglis and C. Tanner, Australian Quarantine – a shared responsibility, Canberra 1996.

[34]      Beale, Roger et al, One Biosecurity: a working partnership, 30 September 2008, p. ix.

[35]      Department of Primary Industries and Energy, M.E. Nairn, P.G. Allen, A.R. Inglis and C. Tanner, Australian Quarantine – a shared responsibility, Canberra 1996, p. 5.

[36]      Department of Primary Industries and Energy, M.E. Nairn, P.G. Allen, A.R. Inglis and C. Tanner, Australian Quarantine – a shared responsibility, Canberra 1996, p. 5.

[37]      Beale, Roger et al, One Biosecurity: a working partnership, September 2008.

[38]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 1.

[39]      As part of its preliminary response to the Beale Review, the Government agreed to establish the statutory office of the Inspector-General of Biosecurity. On 1 July 2009, the Government appointed Dr Kevin Dunn as the Interim Inspector-General of Biosecurity. Dr Michael Bond was subsequently appointed to the position on 1 July 2013 (for a period of two years).

[40]      The Callinan Commission investigated an outbreak of equine influenza at the Eastern Creek Quarantine Station in 2007.

[41]      Department of Primary Industries and Energy, M.E. Nairn, P.G. Allen, A.R. Inglis and C. Tanner, Australian Quarantine – a shared responsibility, Canberra 1996, p. 98.

[42]      Department of Primary Industries and Energy, M.E. Nairn, P.G. Allen, A.R. Inglis and C. Tanner, Australian Quarantine – a shared responsibility, Canberra 1996, p. 98.

[43]      Beale, Roger et al, One Biosecurity: a working partnership, September 2008, p. IX.

Chapter 3 - Risk Estimation Matrix

[1]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, June 2012, p. 1.

[2]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, June 2012, p. 1.

[3]        Department of Primary Industries and Energy, M.E. Nairn, P.G. Allen, A.R. Inglis and C. Tanner, Australian Quarantine – a shared responsibility, Canberra 1996, p. 6.

[4]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, June 2012, p. 1.

[5]        The committee was also provided with evidence in relation to both the ginger and the potato references which raised concerns about the way in which DA Biosecurity calculate risk. Stakeholders from both industries also argued that DA Biosecurity had underestimated the level of risk.

[6]        Erwinia chrysanthemi, was recently renamed Dickey sp.,and is referred to by DAFF Biosecurity as Erwinia chrysanthemi (pineapple strain Dickeya sp.). This bacterial pathogen causes Bacterial Fruit Collapse and Heart Rot in pineapples. Pineapple industry stakeholders argue that the introduction of this pathogen would be devastating for Australia's pineapple industry. Stakeholders cite early studies which indicate that up to 40 per cent of plants/fruit can be affected in severe outbreaks in sensitive cultivars. Evidence provided by Hawaiian experts also indicated that once established, the disease is impossible to eradicate.

[7]        Tropical Pines Pty Ltd, Submission 4 (Supplementary), [pp 4–5].

[8]        Mr Glenn Taniguchi, Submission 10, Appendix 2, p. 1.

[9]        The matrix, which expresses the likelihood of pest entry, establishment and spread is at Table 2.5 on page 13 of the Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012.

[10]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 3.

[11]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 3.

[12]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 16.

[13]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 16.

[14]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, April 2012 [See Table 2.1, p. 9].

[15]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of apples from New Zealand, November 2006 [See Table 12, p. 43].

[16]      Table 3.1 was reproduced by Mr Peace from the Fijian ginger and New Zealand apple IRA's and reproduced as Table 2 in Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 17.

[17]      Sherman Kent (2007) quoted in Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 17.

[18]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 18.

[19]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 18.

[20]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 19.

[21]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 19.

[22]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 19.

[23]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 20.

[24]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 20.

[25]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 20.

[26]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 15.

[27]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 21–22.

[28]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 22.

[29]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 22.

[30]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 22.

[31]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 22.

[32]      ISO Risk Management Vocabulary (ISO 2009), quoted in Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 22.

[33]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 22.

[34]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 22.

[35]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 1.

[36]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 1.

[37]      Eminent Scientists Group, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 28 February 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that the ESG review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 1. The ESG's review is at Appendix 9.

[38]      Eminent Scientists Group, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 28 February 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that the ESG review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 1.

[39]      Eminent Scientists Group, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 28 February 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that the ESG review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 2.

[40]      Eminent Scientists Group, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 28 February 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that the ESG review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 2.

[41]      Eminent Scientists Group, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 28 February 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that the ESG review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 2.

[42]      Eminent Scientists Group, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 28 February 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that the ESG review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 2.

[43]      Eminent Scientists Group, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 28 February 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that the ESG review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 2.

[44]      Eminent Scientists Group, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 28 February 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that the ESG review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 2.

[45]      Eminent Scientists Group, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 28 February 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that the ESG review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 4.

[46]      Eminent Scientists Group, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 28 February 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that the ESG review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 5.

[47]      Eminent Scientists Group, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 28 February 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that the ESG review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 5.

[48]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 8 March 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that DAFF review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 1.

[49]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 8 March 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that DAFF review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 1.

[50]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 8 March 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that DAFF review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 1.

[51]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 8 March 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that DAFF review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 1.

[52]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 8 March 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that DAFF review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 1.

[53]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 8 March 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that DAFF review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 2.

[54]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 8 March 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that DAFF review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 2.

[55]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 8 March 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that DAFF review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 2.

[56]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 8 March 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that DAFF review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 2.

[57]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 8 March 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that DAFF review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 2.

[58]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 8 March 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that DAFF review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 2.

[59]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 22 May 2013, p. 3.

[60]      Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee, Committee Hansard, 12 March 2013, p. 10.

[61]      Dr Vanessa Findlay, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 12 March 2013, p. 11.

[62]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 8 March 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that DAFF review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 3.

[63]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 8 March 2013, provided to the committee in response to the request that DAFF review the report titled Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 3.

[64]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence to Committee from Secretary, dated 24 May 2013, with attached response from ACERA, dated 22 May 2013 [p. 2].

[65]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence to Committee from Secretary, dated 24 May 2013, with attached response from ACERA, dated 22 May 2013 [p. 2].

[66]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence to Committee from Secretary, dated 24 May 2013, with attached response from ACERA, dated 22 May 2013 [p. 2].

[67]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence to Committee from Secretary, dated 24 May 2013, with attached response from ACERA, dated 22 May 2013 [p. 2].

[68]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence to Committee from Secretary, dated 24 May 2013, with attached response from ACERA, dated 22 May 2013 [p. 2].

[69]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence to Committee from Secretary, dated 24 May 2013, with attached response from ACERA, dated 22 May 2013 [p. 2].

[70]      The Centre for Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA) was formerly known as the Australian Centre for Excellence in Risk Analysis (ACERA).

[71]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Additional Information, Correspondence dated 12 July 2013 from the Secretary of the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, p. 1.

[72]      Additional Information, Correspondence to Committee from Mr Chris Peace, dated 9 July 2013, p. 1.

[73]      Additional Information, Correspondence to Committee from Mr Chris Peace, dated 9 July 2013, p. 1.

Chapter 4 - The proposed importation of pineapples from Malaysia

[1]        Decrowned pineapple fruit is fruit that has had both the crown and basal leaves removed.

[2]        The following background in relation to Australia's pineapple industry is based on information contained in Australian Pineapple Industry, Strategic Plan 2011–2016, p. 6, Queensland Government, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry website www.daff.qld.gov.au/26_16329.htm, accessed 21 January 2013; Plant Health Australia, National Pineapple Industry Biosecurity Plan, Version 1, July 2008, pp 5–6; and Growcom, Submission 5, p. 4.

[3]        Ratoon cropping is growing a fresh crop from the stubbles or suckers of the plant crop without replanting. It is also referred to as stubble cropping, re-harvesting or second crop. Ratoon cropping is used extensively in sugarcane, banana and pineapple plantations.

[4]        Plant Health Australia Fact Sheet, National Biosecurity Plan for the Pineapple Industry, June 2008, p. 1.

[5]        Plant Health Australia Fact Sheet, National Biosecurity Plan for the Pineapple Industry, June 2008, p. 2.

[6]        Plant Health Australia, National Pineapple Industry Biosecurity Plan, Version 1, July 2008, Table 1, Emergency Plan Pest Priority List, p. 7.

[7]        Plant Health Australia, National Pineapple Industry Biosecurity Plan, Version 1, July 2008, p. 5.

[8]        Plant Health Australia, National Pineapple Industry Biosecurity Plan, Version 1, July 2008, p. 5.

[9]        Plant Health Australia, National Pineapple Industry Biosecurity Plan, Version 1, July 2008, p. 5.

[10]      Plant Health Australia, Who is Plant Health Australia? p. 2, accessed at www.phau.com.au/go/phau/our-company/documents, 5 March 2013.

[11]      Plant Health Australia, Who is Plant Health Australia? p. 2, accessed at www.phau.com.au/go/phau/our-company/documents, 5 March 2013.

[12]      Plant Health Australia, Who is Plant Health Australia? p. 2, accessed at www.phau.com.au/go/phau/our-company/documents, 5 March 2013.

[13]      Formerly known as the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF).

[14]      Unless otherwise indicated, the information provided in this table has been sourced from Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, June 2012.

[15]      DA Biosecurity was formerly known as Biosecurity Australia.

[16]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Biosecurity Australia Advice 2010/18, Commencement of an import risk analysis for fresh decrowned pineapple fruit from Malaysia, 9 June 2010.

[17]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Biosecurity Advice 2012/13, Provisional final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple fruit from Malaysia, 7 June 2012.

[18]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Biosecurity Australia Advice 2012/15, Appeal on the provisional final import risk analysis for decrowned pineapple from Malaysia, 13 July 2012.

[19]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Biosecurity Australia Advice 2012/27, Final import risk analysis report for fresh decrowned pineapple fruit from Malaysia, 14 December 2012.

[20]      The detail provided in this section is based on information contained in the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012.

[21]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 2.

[22]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 2.

[23]      Mr Les Williams, Pineapple Growers Advancement Group, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2012, p. 14.

[24]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, pp 2–3.

[25]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 3.

[26]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. xi.

[27]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Biosecurity Advice 2012/13, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple fruit from Malaysia, p. 1.

[28]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Biosecurity Advice 2012/13, Provisional final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple fruit from Malaysia, pp 1–2.

[29]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. xi.

[30]      Unless otherwise stated, the following section is based on information contained in Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 37. Throughout this report "Dickeya sp." is used as shorthand for the pathogen "Erwinia chrysanthemi (pineapple strain, Dickeya sp.)".

[31]      These pathvars were: pv, chrysanthemi, pv. dianthicola, pv. diffenbachiae, pv. paradisiaca, pv. parthenii, and pv. zeae.

[32]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 38.

[33]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 38.

[34]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 38.

[35]      Mr Glenn Taniguchi, Submission 10, Appendix 1, [p. 1].

[36]      See, for example, Mr Chris Fullerton, Submission 3, p. 1, Pinata Farms, Submission 6, p. 1, Growcom, Submission 5, p. 4 and Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Submission 8, p. 1.

[37]      Growcom, Submission 5, p. 4.

[38]      Growcom, Submission 5, p. 4 and Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Submission 8, p. 5.

[39]      Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Submission 8, p. 1.

[40]      Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Submission 8, p. 1.

[41]      Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Submission 8, p. 1.

[42]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 39.

[43]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 40.

[44]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 40.

[45]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 40.

[46]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 41.

[47]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 40.

[48]      Dr Colin Grant, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2012, p. 34.

[49]      Ms Ann Gardner, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2012, p. 34.

[50]      Ms Ann Gardner, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2012, p. 34.

[51]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 41.

[52]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 41.

[53]      Dr Cherie Gambley, Pineapple Industry Development Officer, Growcom, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2012, p. 4.

[54]      Mr Alex Livingstone, Growcom, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2012, p. 3.

[55]      Mr Alex Livingstone, Growcom, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2012, p. 2-3 and Mr Les Williams, Pineapple Growers Advancement Group, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2012, p. 13.

[56]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 43.

[57]      Mr Glenn Taniguchi, Submission 10, p. 1.

[58]      Tropical Pines Pty Ltd, Submission 4, p. 1

[59]      Tropical Pines Pty Ltd, Submission 4, p. 1

[60]      Tropical Pines Pty Ltd, Submission 4,Supplementary Submission, [p. 2].

[61]      Tropical Pines Pty Ltd, Submission 4,Supplementary Submission, [p. 2].

[62]      Growcom, Submission 5, p. 3.

[63]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 43.

[64]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 43.

[65]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 44.

[66]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 51.

[67]      Mr Alex Livingstone, Growcom, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2012, p. 2.

[68]      Mr Alex Livingstone, Growcom, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2012, p. 3.

[69]      NQ Paradise Pines, Submission 2, [p. 2].

[70]      Dr Vanessa Findlay, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 12 March 2103, p. 19.

[71]      Ms Rona Mellor, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 13 March 2103, p. 20.

[72]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 53.

[73]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, p. 53.

[74]      See, for example, Tropical Pines Pty Ltd, Submission 4,Supplementary Submission, [p. 2] and Growcom, Submission 5, p. 5.

[75]      Dr Vanessa Findlay, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 12 March 2103, p. 19.

[76]      The committee has over the years questioned the circumstances surrounding several biosecurity incidents. These incidents include the 2005 shipment of Brazilian beef (some of which was found dumped at the Wagga Wagga tip); a 2011 incident involving a group of Condobolin farmers who ordered fertiliser on the internet and were delivered 600 tonnes of Chinese soil; and a shipment of Malaysian raw peeled prawns (which tested positive for white spot syndrome virus) which was released into Australia in September 2010.

[77]      The following section is based on information contained in Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit from Malaysia, December 2012, pp 10-12.

[78]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple fruit from Malaysia, p. 10.

[79]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple fruit from Malaysia, p. 10.

[80]      Table 2.3 reproduced from Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple fruit from Malaysia, p. 11.

[81]      These are contained in Table 2.4: Decision rules for determining the overall consequence rating for each pest, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for the importation of fresh decrowned pineapple fruit from Malaysia, p. 12.

Chapter 5 - The proposed importation of fresh ginger from Fiji

[1]        Queensland Government, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ginger, www.daff.qld.gov.au/26_18195.htm, (accessed 10 December 2012).

[2]        Queensland Government, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ginger, www.daff.qld.gov.au/26_18793.htm, (accessed 10 December 2012).

[3]        Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries (Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation), The Australian Ginger Industry – Overview of market trends and opportunities, November 2009, pp ix–x.

[4]        Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries (Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation), The Australian Ginger Industry – Overview of market trends and opportunities, November 2009, p. x.

[5]        Mr Ashley Gill, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 11.

[6]        Buderim Ginger, Submission 1, [p. 2].

[7]        Buderim Ginger, Submission 1, [p. 2].

[8]        Templeton Ginger, Submission 5, [p. 2].

[9]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Provisional final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, Appendix A, August 2012.

[10]      The unrestricted risk assessment is the risk assessment before any mitigation or control measures are applied.

[11]      Yam scale is an insect that can attack yams and a range of other crops including ginger. Adult female scales are pinkish-brown, roughly oyster-shaped, conical, with a white patch at the tip of the cone. Younger scales are relatively more white. Crawlers are yellow. Infestations of tubers and sometimes foliage cause poor growth. Stored yam tubers are particularly susceptible to attack and large numbers of scales cause shrivelling, Infonet-biovision, www.infonet-biovision.org/default/ct/146/crops, (accessed 12 March 2013).

[12]      Burrowing nematodes (Radopholus similis) are parasites that attack a range of crops including bananas and ginger. Burrowing nematodes are around 0.55 to 0.88 mm in length and have a life cycle of around 21 days. They attack and enter the roots of host plants, causing damage and impeding the function of the plants roots. They are known to be widespread in most banana growing regions of the world, Wikipedia, Radopholus Similis, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radopholus_similis, (accessed 13 March 2013).

[13]      Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry, Draft import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, April 2012, p. 64.

[14]      Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 32.

[15]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Field Visit Report – Ginger Production and Processing in Fiji, September 2007, p. 4.

[16]      DA Biosecurity was formerly known as Biosecurity Australia.

[17]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Draft import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, April 2012, p. 1.

[18]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Draft import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, April 2012, p. 1.

[19]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, April 2012, p. 15.

[20]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No. 4, 20 December 2012.

[21]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No. 4, 20 December 2012.

[22]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, April 2012, p. 3.

[23]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import Market Access Advisory Group, www.daff.gov.au/about/contactus/governance/import-market-access-advisory-group#plant, (accessed 11 December 2012).

[24]      Peasley Horticultural Services, Submission 7, p. 1.

[25]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import Risk Analysis Appeals Panel, Latest News, www.daff.gov.au/about/contactus/governance/import-risk-analysis-appeals-panel, (accessed 11 December 2012).

[26]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final Import Risk Analysis Report for fresh ginger for consumption from Fiji, 22 January 2013.

[27]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No. 4, 20 December 2012.

[28]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No. 4, 20 December 2012.

[29]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No.4, 20 December 2012.

[30]      Dr Graham Stirling, Independent consultant assisting the Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 18.

[31]      Dr Graham Stirling, Independent consultant assisting the Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 19.

[32]      Dr Colin Grant, First Assistant Secretary, Plant Division, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 45.

[33]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, pp 54–61.

[34]      Mr Anthony Rehbein, President, Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 15.

[35]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Provisional final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, August 2012, pp 7–10.

[36]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 55.

[37]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 55.

[38]      Mr Shane Templeton, Templeton Ginger, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 5.

[39]      Templeton Ginger, Submission 5, [p. 6].

[40]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, pp 55–56.

[41]      Dr Colin Grant, First Assistant Secretary, Plant Division, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 37.

[42]      Australian Ginger Industry Association, Submission 9, [p. 2].

[43]      Dr Colin Grant, First Assistant Secretary, Plant Division, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 34.

[44]      Mr Shane Templeton, Templeton Ginger, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 4.

[45]      Peasley Horticultural Service, Submission 7, p. 2.

[46]      Botanical Food Company, Submission 12, [p. 4].

[47]      Templeton Ginger, Submission 5, [p. 3].

[48]      Mr Anthony Rehbein, President, Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 14.

[49]      Australia Ginger Industry Association, Submission 9, [p. 2].

[50]      Mr Shane Templeton, Templeton Ginger, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 4.

[51]      Mr Anthony Rehbein, President, Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 15.

[52]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 34.

[53]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No. 15, 20 January 2013.

[54]      http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/nemaplex/taxadata/G111S2.HTM, (accessed 13 March 2013).

[55]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No. 7, 20 January 2013.

[56]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No. 8, 20 January 2013.

[57]      Mr Bill Magee, Assistant Secretary, Department of Agriculture, Fishers and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2013, p. 42.

[58]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No. 21, 20 January 2013.

[59]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No. 21, 20 January 2013.

[60]      Ms Rona Mellor, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 13 March 2103, p. 20.

[61]      Dr Vanessa Findlay, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 12 March 2103, p. 19.

[62]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 10.

[63]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, pp 10–12.

[64]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, pp 30, 36.

[65]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 36.

[66]      Mr Anthony Rehbein, President Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 14. For other examples see: Botanical Food Company, Submission 12, [pp 2 and 6]; Mr David Gibson MP, Submission 13, [p. 1]; and Murray Bros., Submission 14, p. 1.

[67]      Buderim Ginger, Submission 1, [pp 1 and 3].

[68]      Templeton Ginger, Submission 5, [p. 2].

[69]      Templeton Ginger, Submission 5, [p. 2].

[70]      Templeton Ginger, Submission 5, [p. 3].

[71]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, pp 10–11.

[72]      Greenharvest, www.greenharvest.com.au/Plants/Information/Ginger.html, (accessed 25 March 2013).

[73]      Queensland Government, The Australian Ginger Industry – Overview of market trends and opportunities, 2009, p. 11.

[74]      Peace, C., Advice on the risk estimation matrix used by DAFF Biosecurity as part of the Import Risk Analysis process, January 2013, p. 22.

[75]      Templeton Ginger, Submission 5, [p. 6].

[76]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 30.

[77]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, pp 32–36.

[78]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No. 5, 20 January 2013.

[79]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No. 5, 20 January 2013.

[80]      Dr Graham Stirling, Independent consultant assisting the Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 24.

[81]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No. 14, 20 January 2013.

[82]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 11.

[83]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 36.

[84]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 36.

[85]      Biosecurity Australia, Import Risk Analysis Handbook, 2011, p. 5.

[86]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 54.

[87]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 55.

[88]      See, for example, Mr Shane Templeton, Director, Templeton Ginger, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 5.

[89]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 55.

[90]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 56.

[91]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, pp 55–56.

[92]      Dr Colin Grant, First Assistant Secretary, Plant Division, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 32.

[93]      Mr Rob Schwartz, Senior Director, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, pp 34–35.

[94]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 56.

[95]      Mr John Allen, Submission 2, [p. 1]; Mr Barry Gill, Submission 3, [p. 1].

[96]      Peasley Horticultural Services, Submission 7, p. 3.

[97]      Australian Ginger Growers Association, Submission 4, [p. 2].

[98]      Mr Shane Templeton, Templeton Ginger, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 2.

[99]      Australian Ginger Industry Association, Response to: 'Draft import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji', June 2012, pp 22 and 44.

[100]    Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 84.

[101]    Mr John Allen, Owner/Manager, Oakland Farms, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 9.

[102]    Dr Mike Smith, Technical adviser to the ginger industry, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 23.

[103]    Dr Graham Stirling, Independent consultant assisting the Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 18.

[104]    Mr Shane Templeton, Templeton Ginger, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 2.

[105]    Australian Ginger Growers Association, Submission 4, [p. 2].

[106]    Australian Ginger Industry Association, Submission 9, [p. 4].

[107]    Australian Ginger Industry Association, Submission 9, [p. 4].

[108]    Biosecurity Authority of Fiji, Submission 11, p. 2.

[109]    Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No. 18, 20 January 2013.

[110]    Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No. 19, 20 January 2013.

[111]    Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Answer to question on notice No. 6, 20 December 2012.

[112]    Dr Graham Stirling, Independent consultant assisting the Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 23.

[113]    Dr Graham Stirling, Independent consultant assisting the Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 16.

[114]    Dr Colin Grant, First Assistant Secretary, Plant Division, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 39.

[115]    Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity, Field Visit Report – Ginger Production and Processing in Fiji, September 2007, pp 7–8.

[116]    Dr Colin Grant, First Assistant Secretary, Plant Division, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 33.

[117]    Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 55.

[118]    Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Final import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji, 22 January 2013, p. 56.

[119]    Mr Rob Schwartz, Senior Director, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 35.

[120]    Australia Ginger Growers Association, Submission 4, [p. 1].

[121]    Mr David Peasley, Consultant/Service Provider to the Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 20.

[122]    Australian Ginger Industry Association, Submission 9, [p. 4].

[123]    Australian Ginger Industry Association, Submission 9, [p. 4].

Chapter 6 - The proposed importation of fresh ginger from Fiji

[1]        Australian Ginger Industry Association, Submission 9, [p. 5].

[2]        Mr David Peasley, Consultant/Service Provider, Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 18.

[3]        Mr Anthony Rehbein, President, Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 19.

[4]        Mr David Peasley, Consultant/Service Provider, Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 22.

[5]        Australia Ginger Growers Association, Submission 4, [p. 1].

[6]        Templeton Ginger, Submission 5, [p. 6].

[7]        Mr David Peasley, Consultant/Service Provider, Australian Ginger Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 20.

[8]        Biosecurity Authority of Fiji, Submission 11, p. 5.

[9]        Australian Ginger Industry Association, Submission 9, [p. 6].

[10]      Dr Graham Stirling, Independent consultant assisting the Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 24.

[11]      Mr Anthony Rehbein, President Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 15.

[12]      Australian Ginger Growers Association, Submission 4, [p. 2].

[13]      Dr Mike Smith, Technical adviser to the ginger industry, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 23.

[14]      Australian Ginger Industry Association, Submission 9, [p. 6].

[15]      Mr Bill Magee, Assistant Secretary, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, pp 30–31.

[16]      Director of Animal and Plant Quarantine v Australian Pork Limited [2005] FCAFC 260, NSD 994 of 2005, on appeal from a Judge of the Federal Court of Australia, Reasons of Judgement – Heerey and Lander JJ, 16 September 2005, pp 18–19.

[17]      Biosecurity Australia, Import Risk Analysis Handbook, 2011, Annex 2, p. 23.

[18]      Biosecurity Australia, Import Risk Analysis Handbook, 2011, Annex 2, p. 25.

[19]      Dr Colin Grant, First Assistant Secretary, Plant Division, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, pp 29–30.

[20]      Dr Colin Grant, First Assistant Secretary, Plant Division, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 40.

[21]      Peasley Horticultural Services, Submission 7, p. 3.

[22]      Peasley Horticultural Services, Submission 7, p. 2.

[23]      Mr Shane Templeton, Director, Templeton Ginger, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 2.

[24]      Peasley Horticultural Services, Submission 7, p. 1.

[25]      Australian Ginger Industry Association, Submission 9, [p. 3]; Templeton Ginger, Submission 5, [p. 6].

[26]      Templeton Ginger, Submission 5, [p. 6].

[27]      Mr Anthony Rehbein, President, Australian Ginger Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 23 October 2012, p. 21.

Chapter 7 - The proposed importation of potatoes from New Zealand

[1]        Australian Natural Resources Atlas, www.anra.gov.au/topics/agriculture/pubs/national/potatoes.html, accessed 18 January 2013.

[2]        Horticulture Australia Limited, Potato Industry Annual Report 2011/12, p. 1.

[3]        Tasmanian Farmers and Graziers Association, Submission 6, p. 2.

[4]        Ms Robbie Davis, Potatoes South Australia, Committee Hansard, 24 October 2012, p. 1 and Potatoes South Australia, Submission 9, p. 6.

[5]        Potatoes South Australia, Submission 9, p. 6.

[6]        Plant Health Australia, National Potato Industry Biosecurity Plan, Version 1, May 2007, p. 5.

[7]        Plant Health Australia, National Potato Industry Biosecurity Plan, Version 1, May 2007, p. 6.

[8]        Plant Health Australia, National Potato Industry Biosecurity Plan, Version 1, May 2007, Table 1, p. 7.

[9]        Plant Health Australia, National Potato Industry Biosecurity Plan, Version 1, May 2007, p. 6.

[10]       Plant Health Australia, National Potato Industry Biosecurity Plan, Version 1, May 2007, p. 6.

[11]       The following section is based on information from Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, New Zealand Potatoes and risk assessment, Additional information provided by DAFF Biosecurity, 24 October 2012 and Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012.

[12]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, New Zealand Potatoes and risk assessment, Additional information provided by DAFF Biosecurity, 24 October 2012, p. 1.

[13]       See, Biosecurity Australia Final pest risk analysis report for 'Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous' in fresh fruit, potato tubers, nursery stock and its vector the tomato-potato psyllid, September 2009.

[14]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, New Zealand Potatoes and risk assessment, Additional information provided by DAFF Biosecurity, 24 October 2012, p. 1.

[15]       DAFF Biosecurity also noted that the psyllid has been intercepted twice at quarantine inspection. Both consignments were fumigated to kill the psyllid and the companies involved in the exports were suspended from trade and remain so.

[16]       Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry, New Zealand Potatoes and risk assessment, Additional information provided by DAFF Biosecurity, 24 October 2012, p. 1.

[17]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 14.

[18]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 14.

[19]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, New Zealand Potatoes and risk assessment, Additional information provided by DAFF Biosecurity, 24 October 2012, p. 1.

[20]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, New Zealand Potatoes and risk assessment, Additional information provided by DAFF Biosecurity, 24 October 2012, p. 1.

[21]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, New Zealand Potatoes and risk assessment, Additional information provided by DAFF Biosecurity, 24 October 2012, p. 1.

[22]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, New Zealand Potatoes and risk assessment, Additional information provided by DAFF Biosecurity, 24 October 2012, p. 1.

[23]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 6.

[24]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 5.

[25]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 7.

[26]       The name Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum has displaced the earlier name for this pathogen – Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous.

[27]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 7.

[28]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 8.

[29]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 8.

[30]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 8.

[31]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 8.

[32]       The following section is based on information from Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, pp 14-17.

[33]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 14.

[34]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, pp 14-15.

[35]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 15.

[36]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, pp 15-16.

[37]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 16.

[38]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 17.

[39]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Updated Statement regarding the proposal to import potatoes from New Zealand, 4 October 2012, p. 1.

[40]         A. Chris Hayward, University of Queensland, Report to DAFF on the Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand and Recommended quarantine conditions with regard to "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum", 13 December 2012.

[41]       A. Chris Hayward, University of Queensland, Report to DAFF on the Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand and Recommended quarantine conditions with regard to "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum", 13 December 2012, p. 7.

[42]       A. Chris Hayward, University of Queensland, Report to DAFF on the Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand and Recommended quarantine conditions with regard to "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum", 13 December 2012, pp 6-10.

[43]       A. Chris Hayward, University of Queensland, Report to DAFF on the Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand and Recommended quarantine conditions with regard to "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum", 13 December 2012, pp 9 and 10.

[44]       Munyaneza JE, Sengoda VG, Buchman JL, Fisher TW (2012b) Effects of temperature on "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" and debra chip potato disease symptom development. Plant Disease 96: 18-23, quoted in A. Chris Hayward, University of Queensland, Report to DAFF on the Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand and Recommended quarantine conditions with regard to "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum", 13 December 2012, p. 10.

[45]       Additional Information, AUSVEG, Comment on Independent Bacteriologist's report contained in correspondence from former Department Secretary Andrew Metcalf to Senator Heffernan, undated, p. 3.

[46]       Additional Information, AUSVEG, Comment on Independent Bacteriologist's report contained in correspondence from former Department Secretary Andrew Metcalf to Senator Heffernan, undated, p. 4.

[47]       Additional Information, AUSVEG, Comment on Independent Bacteriologist's report contained in correspondence from former Department Secretary Andrew Metcalf to Senator Heffernan, undated, p. 4.

[48]       Additional Information, AUSVEG, Comment on Independent Bacteriologist's report contained in correspondence from former Department Secretary Andrew Metcalf to Senator Heffernan, undated, p. 4.

[49]         Additional Information, AUSVEG, Comment on Independent Bacteriologist's report contained in correspondence from former Department Secretary Andrew Metcalf to Senator Heffernan, undated, p. 5.

[50]       The citation contained in the Hayward report's bibliography reads: Hayward A C (2011) Report to Biosecurity Australia on the draft revised import conditions for entry of potatoes from New Zealand for processing and the position paper for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes from New Zealand.

[51]       Additional Information, AUSVEG, Comment on Independent Bacteriologist's report contained in correspondence from former Department Secretary Andrew Metcalf to Senator Heffernan, undated, p. 3.

[52]       See, for example, Potato Processors Association of Australia, Submission 1, Appendix 2; Tasmanian Farmers and Graziers Association Submission 6 and AUSVEG, Submission 7.

[53]       See, for example, Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Submission 4; Tasmanian Farmers and Graziers Association, Submission 6 and Potatoes South Australia, Submission 8.

[54]       AUSVEG, Submission 7, p. 5.

[55]       Harvest Moon, Submission 8, p. 4.

[56]       Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (zebra chip)

[57]       Potatoes Tasmania, Submission 2, Appendix 1, Comments on the Draft Report for the Review of Import Conditions for Fresh Potatoes for Processing from New Zealand, prepared by Dr Paul Horne, August 2012, [pp 1-2].

[58]       Potatoes Tasmania, Submission 2, Appendix 1, Comments on the Draft Report for the Review of Import Conditions for Fresh Potatoes for Processing from New Zealand, prepared by Dr Paul Horne, August 2012, [p. 2].

[59]       Potato Processors Association of Australia, Submission 1, Appendix 2, Dr Kevin Clayton-Greene, Response to Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes from New Zealand, Biosecurity Advice 2012/14, August 2012, p. i.

[60]       Potato Processors Association of Australia, Submission 1, Appendix 2, Dr Kevin Clayton-Greene, Response to Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes from New Zealand, Biosecurity Advice 2012/14, August 2012, p. i.

[61]       Ms Robbie Davis, Potatoes South Australia Inc., Committee Hansard, 24 October 2012, pp. 1-2.

[62]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, New Zealand Potatoes and risk assessment, Additional information provided by DAFF Biosecurity, 24 October 2012, p. 2.

[63]       Harvest Moon, Submission 8, p. 2.

[64]       Harvest Moon, Submission 8, p. 2.

[65]       Tasmanian Farmers and Graziers Association, Submission 6, p. 3.

[66]       Tasmanian Farmers and Graziers Association, Submission 6, p. 3.

[67]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 8.

[68]       Potato Processors Association of Australia, Submission 1, [p. 2].

[69]       Potato Processors Association of Australia, Submission 1, [p. 2].

[70]       Potato Processors Association of Australia, Submission 1, [p. 2].

[71]       Potato Processors Association of Australia, Submission 1, [p. 2].

[72]       See for example, Potato Processors Association of Australia, Submission 1; AUSVEG, Submission 7; Potatoes South Australia, Submission 9 and G A Young and Sons, Submission 11.

[73]       Tasmanian Farmers and Graziers Association, Submission 6, p. 3.

[74]       Tasmanian Farmers and Graziers Association, Submission 6, p. 3.

[75]       Harvest Moon, Submission 8, p. 2.

[76]       Harvest Moon, Submission 8, p. 2.

[77]       Potato Processors Association of Australia, Submission 1, Appendix 2, Dr Kevin Clayton-Greene, Response to Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes from New Zealand, Biosecurity Advice 2012/14, August 2012, p. 1.

[78]       Dr Colin Grant, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 24 October 2012, p. 40.

[79]       Dr Vanessa Findlay, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 24 October 2012, p. 49.

[80]       Dr Vanessa Findlay and Dr Colin Grant, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 24 October 2012, p. 49.

[81]       Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Draft Report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes for processing from New Zealand, 3 July 2012, p. 7.

[82]       McCain Grower Group – Ballarat, Submission 5, p. 1.

[83]       AUSVEG, Submission 7, pp. 11-12.

[84]       Potato Processors Association of Australia, Submission 1, [p. 3].

[85]       Potato Processors Association of Australia, Submission 1, [p. 3].

[86]       Associate Professor Calum Wilson, Submission 10, [p. 3].

[87]       Associate Professor Calum Wilson, Submission 10, [p. 3].

[88]       Dr Colin Grant, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 24 October 2012, p. 39.

[89]       See, for example, Potato Processors Association of Australia, Submission 1; Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Submission 4; Tasmanian Farmers and Graziers Association, Submission 6 and AUSVEG, Submission 7.

[90]       Harvest Moon, Submission 8, p. 4.

[91]       McCain Grower Group – Ballarat, Submission 5, p. 2.

[92]       Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Submission 4, [p. 6].

[93]       Dr Colin Grant, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 24 October 2012, p. 52.

[94]       Dr Colin Grant and Dr Vanessa Findlay, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 24 October 2012, pp. 52-53.

[95]       Tasmanian Farmers and Graziers Association, Submission 6, p. 4.

[96]       AUSVEG, Submission 7, p. 17.

[97]       Dr Colin Grant and Dr Vanessa Findlay, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 24 October 2012, pp 42-43.

[98]       Professor David Guest, Submission 14, [p. 1].

[99]       Potato Processors Association of Australia, Submission 1, p. 2.

[100]      G A Young and Sons, Submission 11, [p. 2].

[101]      Associate Professor Calum Wilson, Submission 10, [p. 1].

[102]      Professor David Guest, Submission 14, [p. 1].

[103]      Professor David Guest, Submission 14, [p. 1].

[104]      Professor David Guest, Submission 14, [p. 1].

Additional comments by Independent Senator Nick Xenophon and DLP Senator John Madigan - The (Zebra) Chips are down

[1]        Ms Robbie Davis, Potatoes South Australia Inc., Committee Hansard, 24 October 2012, p. 1.

[2]        Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) in Agricultural Commodities Australia, Cat No.7121.0 (quantities) and, ABS Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced, Cat No.7503.0 (values).

[3]        Ibid, pp. 1-2.

[4]        Mr Richard Mulcahy, AUSVEG, Committee Hansard, 24 October 2012, p. 22.

[5]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, New Zealand Potatoes and risk assessment, Additional information provided by DAFF Biosecurity, 24 October 2012, p. 1.

[6]        Potato Processors Association of Australia, Submission 1, Appendix 1, Dr Paul Horne, Response to Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes from New Zealand, Biosecurity Advice 2012/14, August 2012, p. 1.

[7]        Potato Processors Association of Australia, Submission 1, Appendix 2, Dr Kevin Clayton-Greene, Response to Draft report for the review of import conditions for fresh potatoes from New Zealand, Biosecurity Advice 2012/14, August 2012, p. 1.

[8]        Dr Vanessa Findlay, Chief Plant Protection Officer, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 24 October 2012, p. 46.

Executive Summary - Terms of reference

[1] Principle (f), page 7, AS/NZS ISO 31000. “Risk management is based on the best available information”.

[2] Principle (d), page 7, AS/NZS ISO 31000. “Risk management explicitly addresses uncertainty”

[3] Personal communication, Hani Raffart, 1991

[4] Idiosyncratic: a mode of behaviour or way of thought peculiar to an individual (Soanes & Stevenson, 2009).

[5] HB 436 was under revision at the time of writing this report.