Footnotes

Chapter One - Introduction

[1]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecuirty: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 18.

Chapter Two - Background

[1]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6.

[2]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 8. (The Secretary of the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry is appointed as the Director of Animal and Plant Quarantine under the Act).

[3]        The Beale Review – an independent review of Australia's quarantine and biosecurity arrangements, chaired by Mr Roger Beale, AO. The panel's report titled One Biosecurity: a working partnership, was publicly released in September 2008.

[4]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, www.daff.gov.au/aqis/about/reports-pubs/biosecurity-bulletin/2009/june-july, accessed 13 February 2012.

[5]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 6.

[6]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6 and Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 6.

[7]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6 and Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 6.

[8]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6 and Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 6.

[9]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6.

[10]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6.

[11]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 33.

[12]      The full agreement is contained in Annex 2 of the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 22.

[13]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6.

[14]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 6.

[15]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 9.

[16]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 9.

[17]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, pp 9-10.

[18]      Pest risk analysis is a concept that is derived from international standards contained in the International Plant Protection Convention. Australia's regulated IRA process is in fact an augmented version of a pest risk analysis as defined in international standards (that is, the IRA process contains additional consultative and administrative elements). So, although pest risk analysis may be a 'lesser' form of risk analysis than the regulated IRA process, it contains many of the same elements and, often, a significant level of detail.

[19]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 12.

[20]      Further information on the Eminent Scientists Group can be found in Annex 5 of the Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 36.

[21]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, p. 18.

[22]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Import risk analysis handbook 2011, pp 15-19.

[23]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reforms to the Import Risk Analysis Process, Fact Sheet – September 2007, www.daff.gov.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0004/386725/ira-factsheet.pdf, accessed, 17 February 2012.

[24]      Animal Health Australia, Emergency Animal Disease Response Agreement, Frequently Asked Questions, p. 1.

[25]      Under the EADRA, an emergency animal disease (EAD) is one that is likely to have "significant effects on livestock – potentially resulting in livestock deaths, production loss, and in some cases, impacts on human health and the environment".

[26]      Animal Health Australia is a not-for-profit public company established by the Australian government, state and territory governments and major national livestock industry organisations.

[27]      Animal Health Australia, Government and Livestock Industry Cost Sharing Deed in respect of Emergency Animal Disease Responses, Variation No. 11/01 – 28/06/11, pp 4-5.

[28]      Animal Health Australia, Animal Health in Australia 2009, 2010, p. 68.

[29]      Rural Affairs and Transport References Committee, Australian Horse Industry and an Emergency Animal Disease Response Agreement, November 2010, p. 2.

[30]      Government and Livestock Industry Cost Sharing Deed in Respect of Emergency Animal Disease Responses, Variation No. 11/01 – 28/06/11, p. 19.

[31]      Guidelines for Accounting and Cost Sharing under the EAD Response Agreement, February 2010, p. 14.

[32]      Guidelines for Accounting and Cost Sharing under the EAD Response Agreement, February 2010, p. 15.

[33]      Rural Affairs and Transport References Committee, Science underpinning the inability to eradicate the Asian honey bee, June 2011, p. 2.

[34]      Plant Health Australia, Emergency Plant Pest Response Deed (EPPRD), Questions and Answers, February 2011, p. 8.

[35]      Plant Health Australia, Emergency Plant Pest Response Deed (EPPRD), Questions and Answers, February 2011, p. 8.

[36]      Plant Health Australia, Emergency Plant Pest Response Deed (EPPRD), Questions and Answers, February 2011, p. 6.

[37]      Plant Health Australia, Emergency Plant Pest Response Deed (EPPRD), Questions and Answers, February 2011, p. 9.

[38]      Plant Health Australia, Emergency Plant Pest Response Deed (EPPRD), Questions and Answers, February 2011, p. 9.

[39]      Department of Primary Industries and Energy, M.E. Nairn, P.G. Allen, A.R. Inglis and C. Tanner, Australian Quarantine – a shared responsibility, Canberra 1996.

[40]      Beale, Roger et al, One Biosecurity: a working partnership, September 2008, p. IX.

[41]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 1.

[42]      Beale, Roger et al, One Biosecurity: a working partnership, September 2008, p. IX.

[43]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Update to the Import risk analysis handbook 2007, 1 July 2009, p. 11.

Chapter Three - Issues raised

[1]        See, for example: Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee, Administration of Biosecurity Australia – Revised draft import risk analysis for apples from New Zealand, March 2005, Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee, Import risk analysis (IRA) for the importation of Cavendish bananas from the Philippines, June 2009 and Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee, The possible impacts and consequences for public health, trade and agriculture of the Government's decision to relax import restrictions on beef, Final Report, June 2010.

[2]        Beale, Roger et al, One Biosecurity: a working partnership, September 2008, p. 96.

[3]        Victorian Wine Industry Association, Submission 13, p. 2.

[4]        Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee, Import risk analysis (IRA) for the importation of Cavendish bananas from the Philippines, June 2009, p. 8.

[5]        Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee, Import risk analysis (IRA) for the importation of Cavendish bananas from the Philippines, June 2009, p. 8.

[6]        Australian Racing Board and Racing Victoria, Submission 4, p. 8.

[7]        Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee, Import risk analysis (IRA) for the importation of Cavendish bananas from the Philippines, June 2009, p. 9.

[8]        Beale, Roger et al, One Biosecurity: a working partnership, September 2008, p. 100.

[9]        Beale, Roger et al, One Biosecurity: a working partnership, September 2008, p. 100.

[10]      Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee, Import risk analysis (IRA) for the importation of Cavendish bananas from the Philippines, June 2009, p. 11.

[11]      Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Submission 38, p. 8.

[12]      Australian Racing Board and Racing Victoria, Submission 4, p. 8.

[13]      Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee, Import risk analysis (IRA) for the importation of Cavendish bananas from the Philippines, June 2009, pp 13-15.

[14]      Apple and Pear Australia Limited, Submission 6, [p. 3].

[15]      Apple and Pear Australia Limited, Submission 6, [p. 2].

[16]      Ms Rona Mellor, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 14 February 2011, p. 60.

[17]      Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee, An Appropriate Level of Protection? – The Importation of Salmon Products: A case study of the Administration of Australian Quarantine and the Impact of International Trade Arrangements, June 2000.

[18]      Beale, Roger et al, One Biosecurity: a working partnership, September 2008, p. 87.

[19]      Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Submission 38, p. 2.

[20]      Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Submission 38, p. 2.

[21]      Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Submission 38, p. 3.

[22]      Mr Andrew Bishop, Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Committee Hansard, 14 February 2011, p. 31.

[23]      The Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment's alternative ALOP statement is at Appendix 3.

[24]      Mr Russell Phillips, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 14 February 2011, p. 60.

[25]      Mr Neil Donaldson, Submission 1, [p. 1].

[26]      National Herd Improvement Association of Australia Inc., Submission 2, [p. 1].

[27]      National Herd Improvement Association of Australia Inc., Submission 2, [p. 1].

[28]      Beale Review Recommendation 58 – The National Biosecurity Authority should ensure Australia has the laboratory capability and capacity to manage exotic pest and disease incursions of national significance. The Panel recommends that the Authority, working with the states and territories, should improve the quality and use of state and territory laboratories to support national biosecurity priorities.

[29]      Australian Animal Health Laboratory – a national facility for animal health located in Geelong.

[30]      CRC for National Plant Biosecurity, Submission 3, pp 8-9.

[31]      CRC for National Plant Biosecurity, Submission 3, p. 9.

[32]      Riverina Citrus, Submission 5, [pp 1-2].

[33]      Riverina Citrus, Submission 5, p. 3.

[34]      Riverina Citrus, Submission 5, p. 3.

[35]      Mr Bill Magee, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 14 February 2011, p. 50.

[36]      Mr Bill Magee, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 14 February 2011, p. 51.

[37]      Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee, The administration by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry of the citrus canker outbreak, June 2006, p. 52.

[38]      Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee, The administration by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry of the citrus canker outbreak, June 2006, p. 52.

[39]      Mr Bill Magee, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 14 February 2011, p. 51.

[40]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 20.

Chapter Four

[1]        Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee, The removal of rebate of AQIS certification functions, September 2009, pp 1- 2.

[2]        Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee, The removal of rebate of AQIS certification functions, September 2009, pp 23-25.

[3]        Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee, The removal of rebate of AQIS certification functions, September 2009, p. 24.

[4]        Government response tabled in the Senate, 10 February 2011, p. 1, available at www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/rrat_ctte/aqis/gvt_resp_100211.pdf

[5]        Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee, The removal of rebate of AQIS certification functions, September 2009, p. 35.

[6]        Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee, The removal of rebate of AQIS certification functions, September 2009, pp 35-40.

[7]        The conclusions and recommendations from the Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee, Interim report: the management of the removal of the fee rebate for AQIS export certification functions are at Appendix 4.

[8]        Beale, Roger et al, One Biosecurity: a working partnership, September 2008, pp 231-232.

[9]        Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Review of Australia's Quarantine and Biosecurity Arrangements – Preliminary Government Response, December 2008, p. 1.

[10]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Review of Australia's Quarantine and Biosecurity Arrangements – Preliminary Government Response, December 2008, p. 1.

[11]      Beale, Roger et al, One Biosecurity: a working partnership, September 2008, pp xxxi-xlvi.

[12]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Review of Australia's Quarantine and Biosecurity Arrangements – Preliminary Government Response, December 2008, p. 1.

[13]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Review of Australia's Quarantine and Biosecurity Arrangements – Preliminary Government Response, December 2008, p. 3.

[14]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 9.

[15]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 9.

[16]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 12.

[17]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, pp 13-14.

[18]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 15.

[19]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, pp 16-17.

[20]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 18.

[21]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Update to the Import risk analysis handbook 2007, 1 July 2009, p. 1.

[22]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Review of Australia's Quarantine and Biosecurity Arrangements – Preliminary Government Response, December 2008.

[23]      Qantas Airways Limited, Submission 34, p. 3. See also Mr Neil Donaldson, Submission 1, Apple and Pear Australia Limited, Submission 6, and Shipping Australia Limited, Submission 12, p. 1.

[24]      Recommendation 79: Export Certification Functions should return to 100 per cent cost recovery at the beginning of July 2009.

[25]      Citrus Australia, Submission 20, p. 6.

[26]      Board of Airline Representatives of Australia, Submission 33, p. 3.

[27]      Plant Health Australia, Submission 52, p. 10.

[28]      Plant Health Australia, Submission 52, p. 10.

[29]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 20.

[30]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 10.

Additional Comments by Senator Nick Xenophon

[1]        Dubravka Voloder, ‘Quarantine, costs bite apple imports’, ABC News, 4 November 2011

[2]        Sue Neales, ‘NZ threatens WTO action on Tasmania's apple import ban’, The Australian, 12 January 2012

[3]        Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Committee, Answers to questions on notice, Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Portfolio, Additional Estimates 2012, Question 70

Appendix 3

[1]        Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Submission 38, pp. 3-4.

[2]        Refers to the risk estimation currently used by Biosecurity Australia in its Import Risk Analyses.

[3]        Refers to the qualitative scheme for estimating likelihood currently used by Biosecurity Australia.

Appendix 4

[1]        Cherry Growers Australia, Submission 55, p. 2.

[2]        Cherry Growers Australia, Submission 55, p. 2.

[3]        Mr Greg Darwell, Mulwarra Export, Committee Hansard, 29 November 2011, p. 24.

[4]        Commonwealth Fisheries Association, Submission 51, p. 4 and Mr Brian Jefferies, Commonwealth Fisheries Association, Committee Hansard, 7 July 2011, p. 2.

[5]        Cattle Council of Australia, Submission 67, p. 2.

[6]        Mr Alastair Scott, Australian Horticultural Exporters Association, Committee Hansard, 7 July 2011, p. 17.

[7]        South Australian Department of Primary Industries and Resources, Submission 39, p. 4.

[8]        Mr Daryl Young, Australian Agricultural Commodities Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 29 November 2011, p. 33.