Footnotes

Chapter 2 - The impacts of climate change for the Australian agricultural sector

[1]        Submission 24, p. 3 (references not included).

[2]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Agricultural Commodities, Australia 2006-07, May 2008, p. 4.

[3]        National Farmers' Federation (NFF) website, Farm Facts, http://www.nff.org.au/farm-facts.html, accessed 21 October 2008.

[4]        Submission 2, p. 2, citing Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Commodities, Vol. 14, No. 4, December quarter 2007, pp 657-676.

[5]        Meat and Livestock Australia, Submission 36, p. 2 (references not included).

[6]        Professor Ross Garnaut, Garnaut Climate Change Review: Final Report, 30 September 2008, p. 535. In this assessment 'vulnerability' is a measure of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity of an industry.

[7]        Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM): Climate Change in Australia – Technical Report 2007 (Climate Change in Australia).

[8]        See Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Committee, Climate change and the Australian agricultural sector: Interim report (Interim Report), September 2008, Chapter 2, and specifically pp 5-6, on the issue of the uncertainty of climate change predictions and pp 10-11 on the need for downscaling of climate projections.

[9]        Submission 32, pp 6-7, emphasis in original.

[10]      Interim Report, p. 13.

[11]      Submission 32, pp 7-11.

[12]      Victorian Department of Primary Industries, Submission 27, p. 5; Queensland Government, Submission 30, pp 8-12.

[13]      See for example: Apple and Pear Australia Limited (APAL), Submission 23, pp 3-6; Growcom, Submission 31, pp 9-10.

[14]      See for example: NFF, Submission 24, p. 4; Agricultural Alliance on Climate Change, Submission 37, p. 8.

[15]      Hennessy, K., B. Fitzharris, B.C. Bates, N. Harvey, S.M. Howden, L. Hughes, J. Salinger and R. Warrick, 2007: Australia and New Zealand. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, p. 509.

[16]      Submission 32, p. 11. See also: Victorian Department of Primary Industries, Submission 27, p. 7.

[17]      Submission 18, p. 3. See also: Gwydir Valley Irrigators Association, Submission 14, p. 3.

[18]      Submission 18, p. 2.

[19]      Submission 26, p. 2.

[20]      Submission 23, p. 4.

[21]      Submission 32, p. 13.

[22]      Submission 32, p. 14.

[23]      Submission 32, p. 8.

[24]      Submission 32, pp 8, 9, 10, and 24.

[25]      Interim Report, p. 8.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 15.

[27]      Submission 8, p. 4.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 23.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 40.

[30]      Mr Jason Alexandra, Director, Water Policy Coordination, Murray-Darling Basin Commission, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 67.

[31]      Mr Jason Alexandra, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 70.

[32]      Mr Jason Alexandra, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 70.

[33]      Submission 14, p. 2.

[34]      Submission 26, p. 2.

[35]      NSW Irrigators' Council, Submission 18, p. 3.

[36]      Mr Jason Alexandra, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 70.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 15. See also: Interim Report, p. 7; Agricultural Alliance on Climate Change, Submission 37, p. 7.

[38]      Submission 32, p. 8.

[39]      Submission 30, pp 1 and 9.

[40]      Submission 32, p. 7.

[41]      Growcom, Submission 31, attachment: Growcom, Growcom horticulture and climate change workshop report, 25 January 2008, p. 4.

[42]      Submission 23, p. 3.

[43]      Mr Jason Alexandra, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 78.

[44]      Climate Change in Australia Summary Brochure – Observed changes and projections, pp 11-12. See also: Interim Report, p. 9.

[45]      IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contributions of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, p. 50.

[46]      Submission 27, p. 12 (references not included). See also: Growcom, Submission 31, p. 7.

[47]      Submission 7, p. 4.

[48]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 22.

[49]      Submission 30, p. 9.

[50]      Submission 32, p. 15.

[51]      See for example: National Association of Forestry Industries, Submission 6, p. 2; Victorian Department of Primary Industries, Submission 27, p. 5; and CSIRO, Submission 32, p. 15.

[52]      Submission 8, p. 4. See also: CSIRO, Submission 32, p. 9, in relation to impacts of grazing in the subtropical sub-humid areas of Australia where the impacts of reduced rainfall and increasing incidence of drought on savannas may be offset by increased CO₂ levels and prolonged growing season from warming.

[53]      Submission 8, p. 5.

[54]      Submission 8, p. 5.

[55]      Submission 32, pp 9-10, in relation to grazing in the subtropical sub-humid, tropical warm-season moist, and tropical warm-season wet areas of Australia.

[56]      Submission 30, p. 9 (references not included). See also: Victorian Department of Primary Industries, Submission 27, p. 7.

[57]      Submission 30, p. 9 (references not included).

[58]      Submission 8, p. 5.

[59]      Submission 16, p. 2.

[60]      See for example Council of Australasian Weed Societies Inc, Submission 5; Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity (CRC for National Plant Biosecurity), Submission 16; CRC for Australian Weed Management, Submission 19; Queensland Government, Submission 30, pp 6-7.

[61]      Submission 16, p. 1 (references not included).

[62]      Submission 16, pp 1-2 (references not included).

[63]      Submission 23, p. 6.

[64]      Submission 23, p. 6. See also: Growcom, Submission 31, p. 9.

[65]      Submission 30, p. 6.

[66]      Submission 16, p. 2.

[67]      Submission 16, p. 2.

[68]      Submission 30, p. 7.

[69]      Submission 19, p. 1. See also: the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry and Department of Climate Change, Submission 34, p. 3.

[70]      Submission 19, pp 1-2. See also: eWater CRC, Submission 8, p. 5, on the impacts of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and the potential implications for woody weed management; CSIRO, Submission 32, p. 9, which states that pest and disease impacts on the horticultural industry in temperate cool-season wet regions may be reduced with lower rainfall projected.

[71]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, pp 93-94.

[72]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 94.

[73]      Submission 19, p. 1. See also: Associate Professor Preston, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 93; and Queensland Government, Submission 30, p. 6. Weed risk assessment systems are used by the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service and others for border protection but also widely used by states and regions for post-border weed prioritisation.

[74]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 94.

[75]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 90.

[76]      Submission 5, p. 1.

[77]      Agricultural Alliance on Climate Change, Submission 37, p. 10.

[78]      Agricultural Alliance on Climate Change, Submission 37, p. 10.

[79]      Submission 13, p. 5.

[80]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 70.

[81]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 22.

[82]      Submission 12, attachment: Ian Knowd, David Mason, Andrew Docking, Urban agriculture: The new frontier, Changing City Structures, 2006, p. 23-12 (references not included).

[83]      Mr Allan Hansard, Chief Executive Officer, National Association of Forest Industries, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 101.

[84]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 3; See also: Dr Michael Robinson, Executive Director of Land & Water Australia, and Chair of the Joint Strategy Team for the National Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries (CCRSPI), Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 64. The National Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries is discussed in detail in Chapter 5.

[85]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 89.

[86]      Submission 39, pp 4-5.

[87]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, pp 53-54.

[88]      Submission 25, p. 1.

[89]      Submission 25, p. 1.

[90]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 29.

[91]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, pp 29-30.

[92]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 63.

[93]      Submission 36, p. 5.

 

Chapter 3 - Challenges and opportunities for current and future farm enterprises

[1]        Westpac Banking Corporation, Submission 28, p. 2. See also: National Farmers' Federation (NFF), Submission 24, p. 5; Department of Agricultural, Fisheries and Forestry and the Department of Climate Change (DAFF/DCC), Submission 34, p. 10; and Mr Tim Wiley, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 39.

[2]        Submission 37, p. 8, quoting from J. Sherrard, A. Tate and N. Boele: Agricultural Alliance on Climate Change: Issues Paper, July 2007. Available at: http://www.climateinstitute.org.au/images/stories/agribusinesspaper.pdf, accessed 12 November 2008.

[3]        Submission 37, p. 10.

[4]        Submission 2, p. 4.

[5]        Submission 32, p. 4. The CSIRO's submission draws heavily from a report the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) prepared for Land & Water Australia: C.J. Stokes and S.M. Howden (eds), Overview of climate change adaptation in the Australian agricultural sector, February 2008. Available at: http://www.csiro.au/resources/AgricultureAdaptationReport2008.html#1, accessed 12 November 2008. See also: Bureau of Rural Sciences, Farming profitably in a changing climate: a risk-management approach, February 2006, p. 7. Available at: http://affashop.gov.au/product.asp?prodid=13353, accessed 14 November 2008; and Victorian Department of Primary Industries, Submission 27, p. 14.

[6]        Submission 34, p. 13. See also: Bureau of Meteorology, Submission 7, pp 5-6.

[7]        Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Committee, Climate change and the Australian agricultural sector: Interim Report (Interim Report), September 2008, p. 13.

[8]        Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 4.

[9]        Submission 7, p. 6.

[10]      Committee Hansard , 1 July 2008, p. 23.

[11]      See for example Mr Ian Bowie, Submission 2, p. 5; Queensland Government, Submission 30, p. 12; and CSIRO, Submission 32, p. 6.

[12]      CSIRO, Submission 32, p. 14. See also: Queensland Government, Submission 30, p. 11.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 11. See also: NFF, Answers to Questions on Notice, 31 July 2008.

[14]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, pp 44-45.

[15]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 45.

[16]      See for example Victorian Department of Primary Industries, Submission 27, pp 14-15; and Agricultural Alliance on Climate Change, Submission 37, pp 7-8.

[17]      Submission 23, p. 3.

[18]      Submission 31, attachment: Growcom, Growcom horticulture and climate change workshop report, 25 January 2008, p. 5. See also: Queensland Government, Submission 30, p. 10; and CSIRO, Submission 32, p. 14.

[19]      Submission 27, p. 14.

[20]      Submission 37, p. 8, quoting from J. Sherrard, A. Tate and N. Boele: Agricultural Alliance on Climate Change: Issues Paper, July 2007. Available at: http://www.climateinstitute.org.au/images/stories/agribusinesspaper.pdf, accessed 12 November 2008.

[21]      Submission 2, p. 3.

[22]      Submission 23, p. 3, quoting from an article by Kevin Hennessy of the CSIRO.

[23]      Submission 30, p. 10.

[24]      Submission 32, p. 14.

[25]      Westpac Banking Corporation, Submission 28, p. 2. See also: Victorian Department of Primary Industries, Submission 27, pp 14-15; and Agricultural Alliance on Climate Change, Submission 37, pp 7-8.

[26]      See Mr Bob Wilson, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 38; Mr Tim Wiley, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 42; and Dr Christine Jones, Founder of the Australian Soil Carbon Accreditation Scheme, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 53.

[27]      Submission 42, p. 2.

[28]      Submission 42, p. 3.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 38.

[30]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, pp 39-40. The Binnu area has hot summers and mild winters (a Mediterranean climate). The area has long term average annual rainfall from 400mm on the coast to 275mm on the eastern fringe. Winter rainfall is dominant, and summers are mostly dry, but can occasionally be wet. There are strong winds regularly in summer, autumn and early winter.

[31]      Dr Jones, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, pp 45-46. 'Jedburgh' is in north-west NSW. The region has a highly variable 455 mm average annual rainfall, which has been well below average for the last seven successive years.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, pp 85-86.

[33]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2006, p. 86.

[34]      Dr Ian Johnsson, General Manager, Livestock Production Innovation, Meat and Livestock Australia, Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 11.

[35]      Dr Jones, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2006, p. 43. See also: Dr Jones, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 49.

[36]      Dr Jones, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 43. See also: Mr Wiley, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 42.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 86.

[38]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 53.

[39]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 40. Chapter 4 discusses the potential for sequestration of carbon in soil as a means of financing these input costs.

[40]      Submission 6, pp 1-2. See also: A3P, Submission 9, p. 3.

[41]      Submission 27, p. 15.

[42]      Submission 6, p. 3.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 110.

[44]      Submission 41, pp 10-11.

[45]      See Department of Climate Change, Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme Green Paper (Green Paper), July 2008, p. 95, citing Department of Climate Change, Australia's National Greenhouse Accounts: National Greenhouse Gas Inventory 2006, June 2008. The energy sector was the largest source of greenhouse gases contributing 69.6% of emissions.

[46]      Department of Climate Change, Australia's National Greenhouse Accounts: National Greenhouse Gas Inventory 2006, June 2008, p. 12.

[47]      Green Paper, p. 123.

[48]      Submission 34, p. 13.

[49]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 18.

[50]      Submission 27, p. 26.

[51]      Submission 36, p. 5.

[52]      Professor Ross Garnaut, The Garnaut Climate Change Review: Final Report, 30 September 2008, p. 547-8. See also: Mr Ian Bowie, Submission 2, p. 4.

[53]      Submission 11, p. 5.

[54]      Submission 11, p. 6.

[55]      Submission 36, p. 5.

[56]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2006, p. 19.

[57]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 41.

[58]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 44.

[59]      Submission 34, p. 7. See also: Mr Jim Groves, General Manager, Climate and Resource Policy, Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 66.

[60]      The Hon. Kevin Rudd, Prime Minister of Australia, Address to the ABARE Outlook 2008 Conference, 4 March 2008, p. 5. Available at: http://www.abare.gov.au/interactive/Outlook08/files/day_1/PMrudd_opening.pdf, accessed 22 November 2008. See also: Dr Colin Grant, Executive Director of the Bureau of Rural Sciences (BRS) Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 90, who indicated that BRS, in conjunction with CSIRO were in the process of producing a report evaluating work being done across the world in terms of soil carbon and to identify the issues associated with soil carbon.

[61]      Green Paper, p. 121.

[62]      See Submission 41, p. 15; and Mr Wiley, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 40. Information on the sequestration rates of perennial pastures compared with annual pastures was also presented to the subcommittee on its visit to the Binnu district of Western Australia. See also: Dr Jones, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 41.

[63]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, pp 40 and 42.

[64]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 43.

[65]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 42.

[66]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 47.

[67]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 59.

[68]      Agricultural Alliance on Climate Change, Rural Australia providing climate solutions, October 2007, p. 5. See also: Victorian Department of Primary Industries, Submission 27, p. 16.

[69]      Submission 13, p. 4. See also: Queensland Government, Submission 30, p. 7.

[70]      Submission 39, p. 5.

[71]      Answers to Questions on Notice, 23 July 2008.

[72]      A3P, Submission 9, p. 5; and Mr Allan Hansard, Chief Executive Officer, National Association of Forest Industries, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 102.

[73]      Submission 9, p. 5.

[74]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, pp 5, 19-20.

[75]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 94. This issue was discussed in Chapter 2.

[76]      Agricultural Alliance on Climate Change, Rural Australia providing climate change solutions, October 2007, p. 4.

[77]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 5.

[78]      Submission 34, p. 15.

[79]      Ms Nicolette Boele, Director, Strategic Projects, Agricultural Alliance on Climate Change, Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 24. See also: Mr Ben Fargher, Chief Executive Officer, NFF, Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 26.

 

Chapter 4 - The impact of an emissions trading scheme for the Australian agricultural sector

[1]        See Department of Climate Change, Green Paper on the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (Green Paper), July 2008, p. 1.

[2]        Green Paper, p. 12.

[3]        Green Paper, pp 11-12.

[4]        Green Paper, p. 15.

[5]        Green Paper, p. 96.

[6]        Green Paper, p. 123. See also Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry and Department of Climate Change, Submission 34, p. 11. The Green Paper states that, in general, the emissions threshold for direct obligations under the scheme would apply to entities with facilities which have direct emissions of 25 kilotonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent a year or more, see p. 98.

[7]        Green Paper, p. 126.

[8]        Green Paper, pp 91, 123 and 138.

[9]        Green Paper, p. 91.

[10]      The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty setting out an overall framework for intergovernmental efforts to address climate change. Australia ratified the UNFCCC in December 1992. The Australian National Greenhouse Accounts is the accounting system developed to monitor and record changes in Australia's greenhouse gas emissions under the UNFCCC, see Department of Climate Change, Australia's National Greenhouse Accounts. Available at: http://www.climatechange.gov.au/inventory/index.html, accessed 29 October 2008. The National Greenhouse Gas Inventory estimates of Australia's greenhouse gas emissions are based on the accounting rules that apply to Australia's Kyoto Protocol emissions target of 108% of 1990 levels during the period 2008-2012.

[11]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 117.

[12]      Green Paper, p. 122.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, pp 117-118.

[14]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 122.

[15]      See Article 3.1 of the Kyoto Protocol and Annex A of the Kyoto Protocol.

[16]      Department of Climate Change, Australia's National Greenhouse Accounts: The Australian Government's Initial Report under the Kyoto Protocol, 2008, p. 4.

[17]      Department of Climate Change, Answers to Questions on Notice, 25 August 2008.

[18]      Green Paper, p. 132.

[19]      Green Paper, p. 135.

[20]      Ms Nicolette Boele, Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, pp 18-19.

[21]      Submission 41, pp 13 and 25. Soil carbon sequestration is discussed further in Chapter 3 of this report. See also: Mr Ben Fargher, Chief Executive Officer, National Farmers' Federation Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 27 and Mr Charles McElhone, Manager, Economics, National Farmers' Federation, Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 28.

[22]      Submission 41, p. 30.

[23]      Submission 13, p. 4.

[24]      Submission 30, p. 7. See also: Victorian Department of Primary Industries, Submission 27, p. 18; and Dr Beverly Henry, Manager, Environment, Sustainability and Climate Change, Meat & Livestock Australia, Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 14.

[25]      Future Farm Industries Cooperative Research Centre, Submission 38, attachment: Mr Kevin Goss, Chief Executive Officer, Future Farm Industries, Cooperative Research Centre, Address to the Rural Press Club of Victoria, 28 February 2008, p. 3.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 19.

[27]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 20.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 16.

[29]      Submission 9, p. 5.

[30]      National Association of Forestry Industries and Tree Plantations Australia, Garnaut Climate Change Review: Issues paper 1 – Climate Change: Land use – Agriculture and Forestry. A response by the national Association of Forest Industries and Tree Plantations Australia, December 2007. Available at: http://www.garnautreview.org.au/CA25734E0016A131/WebObj/35549ResponsetoIssuePaper1-NAFIandTPASubmission-V2/$File/35549%20Response%20to%20Issue%20Paper%201%20-%20%20NAFI%20and%20TPA%20Submission%20-%20V2.pdf, accessed 22 November 2008, p. 4.

[31]      Green Institute, Supplementary submission, tabled 30 June 2008.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, pp 122-123.

[33]      Mr Allan Hansard, Chief Executive Officer, National Association of Forest Industries, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 115.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 28.

[35]      Submission 27, p. 19. See also: Ms Blakers, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 118.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 40.

[37]      Mr Allan Hansard, Chief Executive Officer, National Association of Forest Industries, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 105.

[38]      Professor Ross Garnaut, Garnaut Review on Climate Change, September 2008, p. 536.

 

Chapter 5 - A national climate change strategy to assist the Australian agricultural sector adapt to climate change

[1]        Submission 4, p. 1. See also: Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, Submission 16, p. 3 and Wentworth Group of Concerned Scientists, Submission  17, cover letter.

[2]        Submission 7, pp 6-7. See also: Rural Business Development Corporation, Submission 15, p. 2.

[3]        Submission 4, pp 2-3. Information on the Australian Sustainable Schools Initiative is available from the Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts website: http://www.environment.gov.au/education/aussi/about.html, accessed 23 November 2008. The Tarcutta Desperate Farm Wives was formed in December 2006 and organises local events to encourage social interaction in the area of Tarcutta which has been severely affected by drought. See also: Land & Water Australia, Submission 3, p. 3, on the need for a coordinated national research strategy, and Council of Australian Weed Societies Inc., Submission 5, p. 2, on the need for a strategic approach to managing weeds at a national, regional and local level.

[4]        Submission 34, p. 10.

[5]        Submission 34, p. 10.

[6]        Submission 34, pp 10-11.

[7]        Submission 34, p. 12.

[8]        Submission 34, p. 13.

[9]        Submission 34, p. 13.

[10]      Submission 34, p. 13. See also: Chapter 3, 'Mitigating agricultural emissions'.

[11]      Submission 34, pp 13-14. See also: Chapter 3, 'Adapting to climate change'.

[12]      Submission 34, pp 12-13.

[13]      Submission 34, p. 8.

[14]      National Climate Change Adaptation Framework, p. 3. Available at: http://www.coag.gov.au/coag_meeting_outcomes/2007-04-13/docs/national_climate_change_adaption_framework.pdf, accessed 16 November 2008.

[15]      Submission 34, p. 8.

[16]      Mr Ian Carruthers, First Assistant Secretary, Adaptation and Land Management Division, Department of Climate Change, Committee Hansard , 1 July 2008, pp 77-78.

[17]      National Agriculture and Climate Change Action Plan 2006-2009, p. 1. Available at: http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/33981/nat_ag_clim_chang_action_plan2006.pdf; accessed 16 November 2008.

[18]      National Agriculture and Climate Change Action Plan 2006-2009, p. 1.

[19]      Submission 34, p. 15.

[20]      Submission 34, p. 15. See also: Chapter 3, 'Other forms of alternative energy generation'.

[21]      Submission 34, p. 9.

[22]      Submission 34, p. 8.

[23]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 58.

[24]      Land & Water Australia, A National Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries: Phase 1 Report, July 2008. Available at: http://sites.lwa.gov.au/ccrspi/, accessed 23 November 2008.

[25]      Submission 34, p. 14.

[26]      Mr Kevin Goss, Chief Executive Officer, Future Farm Industries CRC, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 85.

[27]      Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 85.

[28]      Bureau of Meteorology, Submission 7, p. 2

[29]      Submission 34, p. 15

[30]      Bureau of Meteorology, Submission 7, pp 5-6.

[31]      Submission 34, p. 14.

[32]      Submission 34, p. 11.

[33]      See for example Mr Greg Brown, Acting President of the Cattle Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 3; Dr Beverly Henry, Manager Environment, Sustainability and Climate Change, Meat and Livestock Australia, Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 4; Ms Nicolette Boele, Director, Strategic Projects, Agricultural Alliance on Climate Change, Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 18; Mr Ben Fargher, Chief Executive Officer, National Farmers’ Federation, Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 30.

[34]      Submission 7, p. 2.

[35]      Submission 3, p. 2.

[36]      Submission 30, p. 2.

[37]      Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Committee, Climate change and the Australian agricultural sector: Interim Report (Interim Report), September 2008, pp 21-22.

[38]      Submission 34, p. 16. See also Mr Mark Gibbs, General Manager, Climate Change Policy, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 77.

[39]      DAFF website, Climate Change Research Program, updated 9 September 2008. Available at: http://www.daff.gov.au/climatechange/australias-farming-future/climate-change-and-productivity-research, accessed 16 November 2008.

[40]      DAFF website, FarmReady, updated 30 October 2008. Available at: http://www.daff.gov.au/climatechange/australias-farming-future/farmready, accessed 16 November 2008.

[41]      DAFF website, Climate Change Adjustment, updated 6 November 2008. Available at: http://www.daff.gov.au/climatechange/australias-farming-future/climate-change-adjustment-assistance, accessed 16 November 2008. No funding allocation for this initiative was outlined on the website. The Climate Change Adjustment Program is discussed in the committee's Interim Report, pp 20-21.

[42]      Submission 34, p. 16.

[43]      Submission 34, p. 8.

[44]      Submission 17, attachment: Prof. Mike Young and Jim McColl, A future-proofed basin: A new water management regime for the Murray-Darling Basin, 2008, pp 1-2.

[45]      Submission 31, pp 12-13.

[46]      Submission 18, p. 4. See also Gwydir Valley Irrigators Association Inc, Submission 14, p. 4.

[47]      Submission 6, p. 4.

[48]      See for example Dr Mark Howden, CSIRO, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, p. 10; Dr Michael Robinson, Executive Director, and Chair, Joint Strategy Team, National Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries, Land & Water Australia, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, pp 64-65; Ms Margaret Blakers, Green Institute, Committee Hansard, 30 June 2008, pp 117-118; Mr Ben Fargher, Chief Executive Officer, National Farmers' Federation, Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, pp 27-28 and Australian Landcare Council, Submission 13, p. 4.

[49]      The Australia Institute, Submission 21, attachment: Andrew Macintosh and Richard Denniss, Property Rights and the Environment: Should farmers have a right to compensation? Discussion Paper No. 74, November 2004, p. 37 (references not included).

[50]      Submission 33, cover letter.

[51]      Submission 33, p. 3.

[52]      CSIRO, Submission 32, p. 22. See also: Council of Australasian Weed Societies Inc., Submission 5; Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, Submission 16 and Cooperative Research Centre for Australian Weed Management, Submission 19, p. 3.

[53]      Submission 39, p. 2.

[54]      Submission 39, p. 4 (references not included).

[55]      Submission 22, p. 1.

[56]      Submission 16, pp 2-3.

[57]      Interim Report, p. 13.

[58]      Submission 22, p. 1; and Submission 24, p. 4.

[59]      Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts website, Greenhouse Challenge Plus. Available at: http://www.environment.gov.au/settlements/challenge/, accessed 18 November 2008.

[60]      Committee Hansard, 1 July 2008, p. 15-16.

[61]      Submission 3, p. 3.