Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Journals of the Senate No. 77, 25 June 2009, p. 2206.

[2]        Item 3.

[3]        Schedule 1, items 1-6.

Chapter 2 - Background

[1]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Social Trends: 4201.0, March 2009, p.7. Available at: http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/6F761FF864FAA448CA2575830015E923/$File/41020_couples.pdf (accessed 12 November 2009).

[2]        Senator Sarah Hanson-Young, Senate Hansard, 24 June 2009, p. 4176.

[3]        Subsections 51(xxi) and 51(xxii), The Commonwealth Constitution Act 1901.

[4]        Senate Hansard, 18 April 1961, p. 554.

[5]        Marriage Act 1961, subsection 46(2).

[6]        Senate, Journals of the Senate No. 153, 23 June 2009, pp. 3652-3. 

[7]        Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, submission m49, p. 2.

[8]        Singh v Commonwealth (2004) 209 ALR 355 at 371.

[9]        Re Wakim; Ex Parte McNally (1999) 198 CLR 511 at 553.

[10]      Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, submission m49, p. 2.

[11]      Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, submission m49, p. 3.

[12]      Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, submission m49, p. 4.

[13]      Available at http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2004/0102/latest/DLM323385.html?search=ts_act_civil+union_resel&p=1&sr=1 (accessed 11 November 2009).

[14]      Available at http://clerk.house.gov/evs/1996/roll316.xml (accessed 10 November 2009).

[15]      Available at http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=104&session=2&vote=00280 (accessed 10 November 2009).

[16]      Available at http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d104:HR3396 (accessed 10 November 2009).

[17]      Article 16, United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 10 December 1948. Available at http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/ (accessed 11 November 2009).

[18]      Article 10(1), United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 16 December 1966. Available at http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cescr.htm (accessed 11 November 2009).

[19]      Article 23, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966. Available at http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (accessed 11 November 2009).

[20]      Article 23(4), United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966. Available at http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (accessed 11 November 2009).

[21]      See Joslin et al V New Zealand, United Nations Human Rights Committee, UN. Available at http://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/DER/G02/441/12/pdf/G0244112.pdf?OpenElement (accessed 11 November 2009).

[22]      UNHRC, Joslin et al V New Zealand, Doc CCPR/C/75/D/902/1999, 17 July 2002, p. 11. Available at http://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/DER/G02/441/12/pdf/G0244112.pdf?OpenElement (accessed 11 November 2009).

[23]      See, for example, Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Submission m87, p. 8.

[24]      Parliamentary Library, Bills Digest: Marriage Amendment Act 2004, p. 3.

[25]      The Australian Institute of Family Studies, Research Paper no. 30: Family Structures, Child Outcomes and Environmental Mediators, January 2003, p. 26. Available at:  http://www.aifs.gov.au/institute/pubs/RP30.pdf (accessed 12 November 2009).

[26]      The Australian Institute of Family Studies, Research Paper no. 30: Family Structures, Child Outcomes and Environmental Mediators, January 2003, pp. 26-27. Available at:  http://www.aifs.gov.au/institute/pubs/RP30.pdf (accessed 12 November 2009).

[27]      The Hon, Robert McClelland MP, Attorney-General, 'Rudd Government moves on same-sex discrimination', 30 April 2008.

[28]      For more information about these inquiries, including copies of the Final Report, see www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/legcon_ctte/completed_inquiries/ .

[29]      The Family Law Amendment (De Facto Financial Matters and Other Measures) Act 2008 was assented to on 21 November 2009. The Same-Sex Relationships (Equal Treatment in Commonwealth Laws – Superannuation) Act 2008 was assented to on 2 December 2008. The Same-Sex Relationships (Equal Treatment in Commonwealth Laws – General Law Reform) Act 2008 was assented to on 9 December 2008.

Chapter 3 - The case for legalising same-sex marriage

[1]        Of the very large number of submitters who expressed this view, some included Amnesty International, submission m15, p. 1; Human Rights Law Resource Centre, submission m33, p. 2; NSW Gay and Lesbian Rights Lobby, submission m45, p. 3; Victorian Women Lawyers, submission m52, p. 1; Law Council of Australia, submission m53, p. 1; NSW Council for Civil Liberties, submission m67, p. 1; Australian Human Rights Commission, submission m89, p. 1.

[2]        Dr Paula Gerber, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 3.

[3]        Mr Jamie Gardiner, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 5.

[4]        See also, for example, AIDS Council of NSW, submission m4, pp 2–3.

[5]        Dr Adiva Sifris, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 4.

[6]        See, for example, Victorian Women Lawyers, submission m52, p. 4; Australian Marriage Equality, submission m90, p. 33.

[7]        Law Council of Australia, submission m53, p. 8.

[8]        Australian Coalition for Equality, submission m88, p. 3.

[9]        Australian Marriage Equality, supplementary submission, p. 5.

[10]      Mr Jamie Gardiner, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 5.

[11]      Mr Rodney Croome, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 20.

[12]      Rev. Nettleton, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 55.

[13]      Australian Marriage Equality, submission m90, p. 40.

[14]      Rev. McRae-McMahon, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 58.

[15]      Dr Adiva Sifris, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 3

[16]      Australian Marriage Equality, submission m90, p. 36, citing Millbank J., Meet the Parents, 2002, http://glrl.org.au/images/stories/meet_the_parents.pdf.

[17]      See, for example, Mr Robert Ward, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 62; Dr David Phillips, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 34.

[18]      Mrs Shelley Argent, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 37.

[19]      Ms Sharon Dane, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 22. This study was discussed in more detail in Australian Marriage Equality's submission (m90) at p. 26.

[20]      Rev. Nathan Nettleton, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 52.

[21]      See, for example, Mr Chris Meney, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 45; Mr Robert Ward, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, pp 62–63.

[22]      Ms Sharon Dane, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 27.

[23]      Dr Adiva Sifris, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 9.

[24]      NSW Gay and Lesbian Rights Lobby, submission m45, p. 3.

[25]      Australian Marriage Equality, submission m90, p. 46.

[26]      NSW Gay and Lesbian Rights Lobby, submission m45, p. 3.

[27]      Hon Ian Hunter, submission ef2, p. 1.

[28]      Mr Michael Burge, submission if52, p. 1.

[29]      Ms Annette Naylor, submission ef23, p. 1.

[30]      A very large number of submitters made a similar point, including for example, the AIDS Council of NSW, submission m4, p. 1; Victorian Women Lawyers, submission m52, p. 4; Australian Marriage Equality, submission m90, pp 25–27.

[31]      Mrs Shelley Argent, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 32.

[32]      Mr Rodney Croome, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 20.

[33]      Mr Jason Tuazon-McCheyne, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, pp 22–23.

[34]      Australian Marriage Equality, submission m90, p. 28, quoting Spedale and Eskridge Jr, Wall Street Journal, October 27 2006.

[35]      Mr Rodney Croome, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 27.

[36]      Dr Paula Gerber, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 2. Other submitters making this or a similar point included the Australian Human Rights Commission, submission m89, pp 4–5; Amnesty International, submission m15, p. 3; Public Interest Advocacy Centre, submission m24, p. 3; Human Rights Law Resource Centre, submission m33, pp 4–5; Law Institute of Victoria, submission m34, pp 1–2; NSW Gay and Lesbian Rights Lobby, submission m45, p. 4.

[37]      Australian Human Rights Commission, submission m89, p. 3.

[38]      Dr Paula Gerber, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 2.

[39]      See, for example, the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Choir, submission m31, p. 1; Human Rights Law Resource Centre, submission m33, p. 11; Law Institute of Victoria, submission m34, p. 2; Law Council of Australia, submission m53, p. 7; Australian Human Rights Commission, submission m89, p. 3.

[40]      Law Institute of Victoria, submission m34, p. 2.

[41]      Law Institute of Victoria, submission m34, p. 2.

[42]      Mr Jamie Gardiner, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 5.

[43]      Dr Paula Gerber, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 6.

[44]      Dr Paula Gerber, committee hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 8.

[45]      Australian Marriage Equality, submission m90, p. 24.

[46]      Australian Marriage Equality, submission m90, p. 24.

[47]      Australian Marriage Equality, submission m90, p. 51.

Chapter 4 - The case for preserving the status quo

[1]        Most Reverend Peter Elliot, Auxiliary Bishop, Southern Region, Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p 39.

[2]        Hyde v Hyde and Woodmansee (1866) LR 1 P&D 130 at 133.

[3]        Ms J Norberry, Bills Digest No. 155 2003-2004, 4 June 2004, p. 2.

[4]        Mr Matthew MacDonald, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p 41.

[5]        Mr Christopher Meney, Director, Life, Marriage and Family Centre, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 39.

[6]        Most Reverend Peter Elliot, Auxiliary Bishop, Southern Region, Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 39.

[7]        Mr Robert Paul Ward, Victorian Director, Australian Christian Lobby, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 60.

[8]        Most Reverend Peter Elliot, Auxiliary Bishop, Southern Region, Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 43.

[9]        FamilyVoice Australia, Submission m8, p. 2.

[10]      Australian Christian Lobby, Submission m71, p. 8.

[11]      Mr Timothy Cannon, Research Officer, Australian Family Association, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 10.

[12]      Mr Christopher Meney, Director, Life, Marriage and Family Centre, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 37.

[13]      Mr Christopher Meney, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 39.

[14]      Mr Christopher Meney, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 37.

[15]      Non-Custodial Parents Party (Equal Parenting), Submission m14, pp. 1-2.

[16]      Mr Christopher Meney, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 36.

[17]      Mr T. Cannon, Australian Family Association, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 11.

[18]      Mr Christopher Meney, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 37.

[19]      Mr T. Cannon, Australian Family Association, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 11.

[20]      Mr R. P. Ward, Australian Christian Lobby, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 62.

[21]      Mr R. P. Ward, Australian Christian Lobby, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 58.

[22]      Australian Christian Lobby, Submission m71, p. 6.

[23]      Mr R. P. Ward, Australian Christian Lobby, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 58.

[24]      Salt Shakers, Submission m14, p. 2.

[25]      Mr Christopher Meney, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 44.

[26]      Dads4Kids Fatherhood Foundation, Submission m44, p. 3.

[27]      Mr R. P. Ward, Australian Christian Lobby, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 58.

[28]      Mr Christopher Meney, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 44.

[29]      Mr Christopher Meney, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 37.

[30]      Mr Christopher Meney, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 45.

[31]      Cardinal George Pell, Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, Submission m26, p. 2.

[32]      Cardinal G. Pell, Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, Submission m26, p. 3.

[33]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 1.

[34]      Mr Christopher Meney, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 38.

[35]      Australian Christian Lobby, Submission m71, p. 10.

[36]      Mr T. Cannon, Australian Family Association, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 10.

[37]      Mr R. P. Ward, Australian Christian Lobby, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 60.

[38]      Mr R. P. Ward, Australian Christian Lobby, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 57.

[39]      Dr David Phillips, National President, FamilyVoice Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, p 31.

[40]      Cardinal G. Pell, Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, Submission m26, p. 2.

[41]      Legal and Constitutional Legislation Committee, Supplementary Budget Estimates, Proof Committee Hansard, 19 October 2009, pp. 14-15.

[42]      Australian Christian Lobby, Submission m71, p. 11.

[43]      Presbyterian Church of Australia, Submission m22, p. 2.

[44]      Cardinal G. Pell, Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, Submission m26, p. 1.

[45]      Anglican Church Diocese of Sydney, Submission m76, p. 2.

[46]      Rev Nathan Nettleton, Proof Committee Hansard, p. 55.

[47]      Mr Christopher Meney, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 45.

Chapter 5 - Discussion and Conclusion

[1]        See, for example, evidence from Australian Marriage Equality, submission m90, p. 51.

[2]        See: www.smartraveller.gov.au/marriage_os.html (accessed 26 November 2009)

[3]        Australian Marriage Equality, submission m90, p. 51.

Dissenting report by Senator Barnett

[1]        Mr Christopher Meney, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 39.

[2]        Australian Christian Lobby, Submission m71, p. 8.

[3]        Australian Coalition for Equality Media Release, 21 November 2009.

[4]        ALP National Platform and Constitution, Paragraph 140, accessed at http://www.alp.org.au/platform/chapter_07.php#7removing_discrimination_against_same_sex_couples, as accessed on 25 November 2009.

[5]        Mr Christopher Meney, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 38.

[6]        Australian Christian Lobby, Submission m71, p. 10.

[7]        Mr R. P. Ward, Australian Christian Lobby, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 57.

[8]        Cardinal G. Pell, Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, Submission m26, p. 2.

[9]        Mr Christopher Meney, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 37.

Dissenting report by Australian Greens

[1]        Same-Sex Marriage Report – June 2009  http://www.australianmarriageequality.com/Galaxy200906.pdf

[2]        Senator Sarah Hanson-Young, Second Reading Speech, Marriage Equality Amendment Bill 2009, Senate Hansard, 24 June 2009.

[3]        Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009,  p. 2.

[4]        PILCH https://www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/legcon_ctte/marriage_equality/submissions/sublist1/Sub_m61.pdf

[5]        Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 21.

[6]        Committee Hansard, 9 November 2009, p. 55.