Updated
22 April 2021
PDF version [461KB]
Dr Hazel Ferguson and Harriet Spinks[1]
Social Policy Section
The latest
figures from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) show that, in
2019–20, international education was worth $37.4 billion to the Australian
economy, down from $37.6 billion in 2018–19.[2]
Research
for the Department of Education, Skills and Employment (DESE) shows Australia
also gains social, cultural and skilled workforce benefits from international
education.
This quick guide provides an overview of key information
related to overseas students in Australian higher education. Higher education
accounted for 68.1 per cent ($25.4 billion) of international education export
income in 2019–20, and 47.4
per cent of all overseas student enrolments in 2020. Overseas students also
enrol in Australian vocational education and training (VET), schools, English
Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS), and non-award
courses. However, each of these accounts for fewer students and has less
economic impact than overseas student enrolments in higher education.
While people studying in Australia on a student visa are
often referred to as ‘international students’, this quick guide uses the
terminology of ‘overseas students’, for consistency with the relevant
legislative frameworks.
Except where otherwise indicated, the information provided
in this quick guide relates to the entire higher education sector. Registered higher education
providers are public and private universities, as well as for-profit and
not-for-profit non-university providers, including public institutions such as
TAFEs.
Some non-Australian citizens, such as New Zealand citizens,
Australian permanent residents, and permanent humanitarian visa holders are not
considered overseas students for the purposes of higher
education support.
Enrolments
Overseas student statistics are available from DESE’s international
student data webpage. The latest full-year data is for 2020. As shown in
Figure 1 below, there were 418,168 higher education enrolments in 2020. This
represents a 5.1 per cent decline from 2019, the first decline since 2012.
Enrolments include new and continuing students. Enrolment
figures can double
count students who complete one course of study and enrol in another within
given period. For example, a student may complete an ELICOS course and then
enrol in a bachelor degree, and have both enrolments counted in the same
year.
Although enrolment figures would usually refer to people in
Australia on student visas, in 2020, due to COVID-19 related travel
restrictions, an enrolment does not confirm that a student is
currently in Australia.
Figure 1: higher education enrolments, overseas
students, 2010–2020
Source: DESE, Basic pivot table 2002 onwards, March 2021.
Enrolments by state and territory
In 2019 and 2020, overseas student enrolments in higher
education institutions in Australia were largely concentrated in NSW and
Victoria.
All states except the Northern Territory (NT) saw a decline
in enrolments in 2020, with Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT)
experiencing the largest decline in percentage terms (although the ACT has a
relatively small number of overseas students overall, so the 9.7 per cent
decline is equivalent to 1,291 enrolments).
Table 1: higher
education enrolments, overseas students, state and territory, 2019–2020
| State |
2019 |
2019 % of
total |
2020 |
2020 % of
total |
% change
2019–2020 |
| NSW |
157,789 |
35.8% |
153,545 |
36.7% |
-2.7% |
| VIC |
155,700 |
35.3% |
141,703 |
33.9% |
-9.0% |
| QLD |
56,348 |
12.8% |
53,462 |
12.8% |
-5.1% |
| SA |
24,144 |
5.5% |
25,159 |
6.0% |
4.2% |
| WA |
24,884 |
5.6% |
23,851 |
5.7% |
-4.2% |
| TAS |
6,662 |
1.5% |
6,397 |
1.5% |
-4.0% |
| NT |
1,843 |
0.4% |
2,045 |
0.5% |
11.0% |
| ACT |
13,297 |
3.0% |
12,006 |
2.9% |
-9.7% |
| Grand Total |
440,667 |
100.0% |
418,168 |
100.0% |
-5.1% |
Source: DESE, Basic pivot table 2002 onwards, March 2021.
Enrolments by nationality
Of overseas student enrolments in 2020, 38.4 per cent
(160,430) were from China, and 19.0 per cent (79,410) were from
India, with the remaining top ten nationalities being Nepal, Vietnam, Malaysia,
Pakistan, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, and Singapore.
The top ten nationalities are the same as in 2019. Enrolments
among students from India, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka, and Singapore declined more significantly than those from other key
countries in 2020.
Table 2: higher education
enrolments, overseas (os) students, top ten nationalities,
2019–2020
| Nationality |
2019 |
% of all OS |
2020 |
% of all OS |
Change 2019–2020 |
% change
2019–2020 |
| China |
164,306 |
37.3% |
160,430 |
38.4% |
-3,876 |
-2.4% |
| India |
90,240 |
20.5% |
79,410 |
19.0% |
-10,830 |
-12.0% |
| Nepal |
34,372 |
7.8% |
34,149 |
8.2% |
-223 |
-0.6% |
| Vietnam |
16,299 |
3.7% |
15,632 |
3.7% |
-667 |
-4.1% |
| Malaysia |
13,074 |
3.0% |
11,212 |
2.7% |
-1,862 |
-14.2% |
| Pakistan |
11,678 |
2.7% |
10,524 |
2.5% |
-1,154 |
-9.9% |
| Indonesia |
10,608 |
2.4% |
10,331 |
2.5% |
-277 |
-2.6% |
| Sri Lanka |
11,045 |
2.5% |
10,127 |
2.4% |
-918 |
-8.3% |
| Hong Kong |
8,878 |
2.0% |
9,027 |
2.2% |
149 |
1.7% |
| Singapore |
7,120 |
1.6% |
6,552 |
1.6% |
-568 |
-8.0% |
| Other |
73,047 |
16.6% |
70774 |
16.9% |
-2,273 |
-3.1% |
| All OS |
440,667 |
100.0% |
418,168 |
100.0% |
-22,499 |
-5.1% |
Source: DESE, Basic pivot table 2002 onwards, March 2021.
Overseas share of higher education
enrolments
DESE’s higher
education statistics provide a breakdown of overseas student enrolments at
Australian higher education institutions, and allow comparison of overseas and
domestic enrolments. The latest full-year for this data is 2019, before the
2020 decline in enrolments. Table 3 below shows total higher education
enrolments for both overseas students and domestic students from 2010 to 2019,
showing the increasing proportion of overseas students—a decline in this
proportion may be evident in the 2020 data, when it is released later in 2021.
A breakdown by institution is at Appendix 1.
Table 3: higher education
enrolments, domestic and overseas students, 2008–2019
|
OS students
(temporary entry visas) |
Other OS
students(a) |
Domestic
students |
Total |
OS students
(temporary entry visas), % of all higher education enrolments |
| 2010 |
245,737 |
89,536 |
857,384 |
1,192,657 |
20.6 |
| 2011 |
242,903 |
89,674 |
888,431 |
1,221,008 |
19.9 |
| 2012 |
232,867 |
90,745 |
934,110 |
1,257,722 |
18.5 |
| 2013 |
236,332 |
92,070 |
985,374 |
1,313,776 |
18.0 |
| 2014 |
254,383 |
93,177 |
1,025,670 |
1,373,230 |
18.5 |
| 2015 |
273,817 |
89,481 |
1,046,835 |
1,410,133 |
19.4 |
| 2016 |
304,957 |
86,179 |
1,066,073 |
1,457,209 |
20.9 |
| 2017 |
345,686 |
85,752 |
1,081,945 |
1,513,383 |
22.8 |
| 2018 |
395,442 |
84,545 |
1,082,533 |
1,562,520 |
25.3 |
| 2019 |
436,305 |
85,643 |
1,087,850 |
1,609,798 |
27.1 |
Source: DESE, ‘Student data’, DESE website, all students data tables, various
years, and Parliamentary Library calculations.
(a)
‘Other overseas students’ includes those students who are not domestic
students, and who are residing outside Australia during the unit of study/time
of application. Students studying in Australia on student visas make up the
bulk of the enrolments shown in the ‘temporary entry visas’ column. Further
information about the citizenship classifications is available via DESE, HEIMSHELP.
Visa arrangements
Types of overseas student visas
Changes
to the student visa framework, which commenced in 2016, reduced the number
of student visas from seven to one—the Student
(subclass 500) visa. Instead of distinct visas for different types of
overseas students, there are now seven streams within the one visa: higher
education; post-graduate research; VET; schools; independent ELICOS; foreign affairs
or defence, and non-award. There is also a distinct student
guardian (subclass 590) visa, for the guardians
of students aged under 18, but these students are outside the scope of this
quick guide.
International students
studying in the higher education sector are predominantly granted student visas
under the higher education and postgraduate research streams (see Tables 4 and
5 below).
Visa processing
The Department of Home Affairs (DHA) assesses and grants
student visa applications. However, under the DHA’s Simplified
Student Visa Framework (the Framework), higher education providers also
have a role, with the intention of reducing duplication and streamlining the
process.
Two key areas in which higher education providers have a role
are confirming English language proficiency and assessing the financial
capacity of students to live in Australia. Depending on the higher education
provider and the student’s country of origin, these requirements may not be
further assessed by DHA. While the DHA retains the ability to assess any
requirement for a student visa, the Framework does not mandate this.
Visa grants
Overseas student visa statistics are available from DHA, via
the data.gov.au portal under Student
visa program. The most recent full-year data is for 2020. The data show
the number of visas granted, which is distinct from the number of overseas
students, as one overseas student may be granted more than one visa in a period
of time, depending on their circumstance.
As shown in Table 4 below, there were 129,012 primary
student visas granted in 2020 for the higher education and postgraduate
research streams—the lowest number in seven years. ‘Primary’ refers to the
person who holds the visa for the original purpose while ‘secondary’ refers to
any spouses and/or dependent children.
Table 4 shows the growth in primary student visas granted in
the higher education stream from around 2011 to 2019, after a period of
sustained downturn between
2008 and 2011. However, this growth came to an abrupt end in 2020, with
visa grants declining by 35 per cent compared to 2019, as a result of the
COVID-19 pandemic.
Table 4: primary student visas
granted—higher education and postgraduate research streams, 2008–2020
|
Primary
student visas granted |
Growth rate |
| 2008 |
126,470 |
14.2% |
| 2009 |
119,570 |
-5.5% |
| 2010 |
108,507 |
-9.3% |
| 2011 |
104,277 |
-3.9% |
| 2012 |
110,978 |
6.4% |
| 2013 |
128,964 |
16.2% |
| 2014 |
146,128 |
13.3% |
| 2015 |
138,334 |
-5.3% |
| 2016 |
152,017 |
9.9% |
| 2017 |
168,149 |
10.6% |
| 2018 |
188,567 |
12.1% |
| 2019 |
199,563 |
5.8% |
| 2020 |
129,012 |
-35.4% |
Source: DHA, ‘Student visa program’, March 2021, data.gov.au
Note:
these figures are for the higher education and postgraduate research streams of
the student (subclass 500) visa.
When using visa statistics, including student visa
statistics, the number of visas granted should not be used as a proxy for the
number of people migrating to Australia. This is because a significant
proportion of higher education overseas student visas are granted to people who
are already in Australia, as shown in Table 5 below. Students gain visas in
Australia for a variety of reasons, including moving from one mode of education
to another, or transitioning from a different category of temporary visa to a
student visa.
Table 5: primary student visas
granted in Australia–higher education and postgraduate research streams,
2008–2020
|
Primary
student visas granted in Australia |
Proportion
of total primary student visas granted |
| 2008 |
38,269 |
30.3% |
| 2009 |
42,365 |
35.4% |
| 2010 |
49,673 |
45.8% |
| 2011 |
52,715 |
50.6% |
| 2012 |
50,939 |
45.9% |
| 2013 |
49,707 |
38.5% |
| 2014 |
47,292 |
32.4% |
| 2015 |
42,486 |
30.7% |
| 2016 |
44,158 |
29.0% |
| 2017 |
49,871 |
29.7% |
| 2018 |
61,590 |
32.7% |
| 2019 |
69,698 |
34.9% |
| 2020 |
60,453 |
46.9% |
Source: DHA, ‘Student visa program’, March 2021, data.gov.au
Note:
these figures are for the higher education and postgraduate research streams of
the student (subclass 500) visa.
Table 5 shows primary student visas granted to people already in Australia over the past
twelve years. Until 2020, the share of student visas granted in Australia as a
proportion of the total has been relatively
stable at about one-third, except from 2009 to 2013. Due in part to immigration
policy
changes, the proportion of primary student visas granted in Australia grew
from 2008 to 2011 and then declined. In 2020 the share of student visas granted
in Australia grew significantly, to 46.9 per cent. This is a result of
COVID-19-related travel restrictions, which resulted in a pause on visas being
granted to people outside Australia for several months in the first half of
2020—in the April to June 2020 quarter, only 12.7 per cent of visas grants were
to people outside Australia. Student visa grants to people outside Australia resumed
in July 2020, but ongoing travel restrictions meant very
few students were able to enter Australia in 2020.
Eligibility
Under the Migration Regulations
1994, in order to be granted a student visa, applicants generally must:
- be enrolled full-time in an approved Commonwealth Register of
Institutions and Courses for Overseas Students (CRICOS) course (that is, a
course approved to be offered to overseas students) [section 500.211]
- have sufficient money to support themselves while living in
Australia (section 500.214)
- have adequate health insurance (section 500.215)
- be a ‘genuine temporary entrant’ with the intention to return
home after studying (section 500.212) and
- meet English language requirements (section 500.213).
Full-time study
An overseas student cannot undertake part-time study. A
full-time course of study is required and this is linked to the length of each
student visa. In most instances, this means overseas students are unable to
vary their course load (medical and other exceptions are available).
English language requirements
In practice, English
language requirements for overseas students are subject to two thresholds:
IMMI 18/015 includes five proficiency tests which may be
used to demonstrate the required level of English, including the widely-used
International English Language Testing System (IELTS). A student visa applicant
must demonstrate:
- a minimum IELTS score of 5.5 (out of 9)
or
- a minimum IELTS score of 5.0 paired with 10 weeks of ELICOS or
- a minimum IELTS score of 4.5 paired with 20 weeks of ELICOS.
Equivalent test scores
are prescribed for the four other tests which may be used to demonstrate
English proficiency.
Work rights
While the purpose of the overseas student visa program is
study, rather than employment, people on student visas do have work
rights. Currently, they may work up to 40 hours per fortnight when their
course is in session (that is, during term time) and unlimited hours in holiday
periods. Concessions
to the limitation on work hours have been put in place during the COVID-19
pandemic. These allow overseas students to work more than 40 hours per week if
they are employed in certain aged care, health care, disability, or agriculture
settings.
Tuition fees
Under the Higher Education
Support Act 2003, the Higher Education Provider
Guidelines 2012 (the Guidelines) specify (subject to some exceptions):
- fees charged to overseas students must be sufficient to recover
the full cost of providing the course to the student and
- the fee cannot be less than the relevant domestic student fee,
unless the course is fully offshore or permission for the lower fee is granted
by the responsible department (currently DoE).
The Guidelines do not set an upper limit for overseas
student fees.
According to the Australian Government’s Study
Australia webpage, Australian higher education providers charge on average
$20,000 to $45,000 for an undergraduate bachelor degree and $22,000 to $50,000
for a postgraduate Masters degree. (These figures do not include high-cost
courses such as veterinary and medical degrees.)
Overseas student fees as a proportion of university
revenue
For Australian universities, overseas student fees have
been the largest source of revenue growth in recent years.
As shown in Table 6 below, revenue from overseas student
fees has grown as a proportion of total revenue, from 17.5 per cent in 2010 to
27.3 per cent in 2019 (latest year available). Well over half (58.5%) of the $6.4
billion revenue increase from 2016 to 2019 came from overseas student fees,
although growth in overseas student fee revenue appears to have peaked in 2017
at 19.3 per cent.
Based on declining enrolments, some revenue declines would
be expected when the 2020 data is released later in 2021.
Table 6: Australian university
revenue from fee paying overseas students, 2008–2017
|
Total revenue from all
operations ($’000) |
Change from previous
year |
Revenue from fee paying
overseas students ($’000) |
Change from previous
year |
Percentage of revenue
from fee paying OS students |
| 2010 |
$22,158,466 |
|
$3,881,656 |
|
17.5% |
| 2011 |
$23,658,742 |
6.8% |
$4,124,064 |
6.2% |
17.4% |
| 2012 |
$25,210,033 |
6.6% |
$4,134,768 |
0.3% |
16.4% |
| 2013 |
$26,332,964 |
4.5% |
$4,290,808 |
3.8% |
16.3% |
| 2014 |
$27,751,858 |
5.4% |
$4,741,973 |
10.5% |
17.1% |
| 2015 |
$28,609,979 |
3.1% |
$5,349,879 |
12.8% |
18.7% |
| 2016 |
$30,147,079 |
5.4% |
$6,249,049 |
16.8% |
20.7% |
| 2017 |
$32,028,091 |
6.2% |
$7,457,002 |
19.3% |
23.3% |
| 2018 |
$33,741,910 |
5.4% |
$8,838,891 |
18.5% |
26.2% |
| 2019 |
$36,519,249 |
8.2% |
$9,978,794 |
12.9% |
27.3% |
Source: DESE, Financial Reports of Higher Education Providers, various years, and Parliamentary Library
calculations.
Legislative protections for
overseas students in Australia
Higher Education Standards
Framework (Threshold Standards)
Under the Tertiary Education
Quality and Standards Agency Act 2011, all higher education providers
must meet the Higher
Education Standards Framework (Threshold Standards) 2015 as a
minimum condition of registration. Under the Threshold Standards, all institutions
that offer higher education to students in Australia on a student visa are
required to provide support services, including initial orientation and
academic support.
The Education Services for Overseas
Students legislative framework
In addition to the requirements of the Threshold Standards,
the Education
Services for Overseas Students Act 2000 and related
legislation, including the National Code of
Practice for Providers of Education and Training to Overseas Students 2018
(National Code), make specific provision for the
protection of overseas students studying with Australian providers in any
education sector.
In the higher education sector, these arrangements are
primarily enforced by the Tertiary
Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA), which also enforces the
Threshold Standards.
Student satisfaction
DESE conducts an international student survey every two
years, the latest being the 2018
International Student Survey. For overseas higher education students in
Australia, compared with the 2016
International Student Survey:
- 89 per cent are satisfied with their overall study experience
(stable compared with 2016)
- 91 per cent are satisfied with the quality of support provided
(up from 89 per cent in 2016)
- 88 per cent are satisfied with the overall learning environment (up
from 87 per cent in 2016)
- 92 per cent are satisfied with the expertise of lecturers (down
from 93 per cent in 2016) and
- 94 per cent are satisfied with the safety of living in Australia
(up from 90 per cent in 2016).
Student achievement
Attrition rates
The DESE’s higher
education statistics collection includes attrition (‘drop out’) data by
citizenship status. The attrition rate for overseas students is consistently
below that for domestic students.
Table 7: domestic and overseas bachelor university student attrition rates 2010–2018,
per cent
|
OS student
attrition rate |
Domestic
student attrition rate |
| 2010 |
8.3 |
12.9 |
| 2011 |
8.9 |
12.7 |
| 2012 |
8.9 |
13.3 |
| 2013 |
8.4 |
14.7 |
| 2014 |
8.7 |
15.0 |
| 2015 |
9.3 |
15.0 |
| 2016 |
9.4 |
14.3 |
| 2017 |
9.0 |
14.9 |
| 2018 |
9.9 |
14.6 |
Source: DESE, ‘Student data’, DESE website, attrition, success and retention data
tables, various years.
Note: the best available attrition measures for
domestic and overseas students differ. The domestic student attrition rate
is the ‘new adjusted attrition rate’, which uses student ID and the Commonwealth Higher Education Student Support Number (CHESSN) to track students within and between
institutions, so a student is not counted in the attrition figures if they move
to another institution. The overseas student attrition rate is the ‘new
normal attrition rate’, which is based on student ID only (overseas
students do not have a CHESSN). This means overseas students who move to
another institution are counted in the attrition figures, leading likely to
over-estimates of attrition among overseas students in the Table 7.
Post-study visa pathways
There is no automatic pathway from a student visa to a
permanent residency visa in Australia.
However, overseas students can transition to various types
of permanent residency visas if they meet the relevant eligibility criteria. A
joint Treasury
and Department of Home Affairs report published in 2018 found that, of 1.6
million overseas students (from all education sectors) granted a visa between
2000–01 and 2013–14, 16 per cent transitioned to a permanent residency visa at
some stage after arriving in Australia.
Table 8: permanent residency visas
granted to former international students in Australia, 2008–09 to 2019–20
| |
Total
permanent residency visas granted |
Skilled |
Partner |
Other |
| 2008–09 |
20,141 |
15,878 |
4,087 |
176 |
| 2009–10 |
13,286 |
8,143 |
4,919 |
224 |
| 2010–11 |
29,755 |
24,482 |
5,172 |
101 |
| 2011–12 |
28,473 |
21,638 |
6,689 |
146 |
| 2012–13 |
30,170 |
21,895 |
8,011 |
264 |
| 2013–14 |
18,100 |
10,766 |
7,179 |
155 |
| 2014–15 |
17,638 |
10,296 |
7,173 |
169 |
| 2015–16 |
18,251 |
12,277 |
5,804 |
170 |
| 2016–17 |
17,102 |
9,811 |
7,118 |
173 |
| 2017–18 |
13,138 |
7,458 |
5,619 |
61 |
| 2018–19 |
14,732 |
8,210 |
6,484 |
38 |
| 2019–20 |
16,588 |
9,992 |
6,575 |
21 |
Source: DHA, Australian Migration Statistics, 2019–20, data.gov.au
Note: these statistics are only available for financial
years. Also note the title for this table is drawn directly from the sourced
material from the Department of Home Affairs.
International students who transition to another temporary
visa before gaining a permanent residency visa, are not included in the
departmental data above. However, it is likely many people are transitioning
from a student visa to a different category of temporary visa and then gaining
a permanent residency visa. There is no publicly available data on this group
of people, but Table 9 below shows the number of people granted a Temporary
Graduate visa (subclass 485) each year over the last twelve years. Prior to
2020, this visa saw significant growth, indicating a strong demand for former
international students to stay on in Australia.
A Temporary Graduate visa allows a migrant to live, study
and work in Australia after completing their study. Only people who hold a
student visa are eligible for the various streams of the Temporary Graduate
visa.
Table 9: Temporary Graduate visas
(subclass 485) granted, 2008–2020
| |
Graduate
Work |
Post-Study
Work |
Skilled
Graduate |
Total
Temporary Graduate visas granted |
| 2008 |
0 |
0 |
4,056 |
4,056 |
| 2009 |
0 |
0 |
20,025 |
20,025 |
| 2010 |
0 |
0 |
24,575 |
24,575 |
| 2011 |
0 |
0 |
27,736 |
27,736 |
| 2012 |
0 |
0 |
43,879 |
43,879 |
| 2013 |
5,184 |
32 |
20,441 |
25,657 |
| 2014 |
16,423 |
3,751 |
973 |
21,147 |
| 2015 |
13,345 |
12,203 |
76 |
25,624 |
| 2016 |
11,454 |
25,999 |
19 |
37,472 |
| 2017 |
8,752 |
37,580 |
8 |
46,340 |
| 2018 |
8,452 |
46,478 |
2 |
54,932 |
| 2019 |
10,558 |
60,268 |
13 |
70,839 |
| 2020 |
7,812 |
55,355 |
0 |
63,167 |
Source: DHA, ‘Temporary Graduate visa program’, March 2021, data.gov.au
Further information
There is a range of additional research and information
available via the DoE’s international education website, including research
papers, data
visualisations showing student origins, locations and pathways, data on the
offshore
delivery of Australian courses, and Australian
students studying overseas.
See also:
Appendix 1. All higher education students
by state and territory, higher education institution, citizenship and residence
status, 2019
| State/Institution |
Domestic
Students |
Overseas
Students |
TOTAL |
| Australian
citizen |
New
Zealand citizen |
Other
domestic |
Temporary
entry permit |
Other
overseas |
| New South
Wales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Charles
Sturt University |
32,211 |
253 |
581 |
8,498 |
1,887 |
43,430 |
| Macquarie
University |
31,564 |
297 |
1,238 |
11,893 |
331 |
45,323 |
| Southern
Cross University |
13,755 |
191 |
299 |
5,043 |
727 |
20,015 |
| The
University of New England |
22,476 |
157 |
477 |
1,337 |
472 |
24,919 |
| The
University of Newcastle |
28,726 |
172 |
699 |
4,458 |
1,371 |
35,426 |
| The
University of Sydney |
36,734 |
796 |
2,426 |
29,592 |
503 |
70,051 |
| University
of New South Wales |
36,580 |
442 |
2,180 |
24,816 |
36 |
64,054 |
| University
of Technology Sydney |
28,883 |
213 |
1,580 |
14,747 |
827 |
46,250 |
| University
of Wollongong |
18,461 |
93 |
418 |
8,339 |
7,678 |
34,989 |
| Western
Sydney University |
38,520 |
386 |
2,370 |
7,893 |
276 |
49,445 |
| Non-University
Higher Education Institutions |
34,450 |
454 |
878 |
24,889 |
4,314 |
64,985 |
| Victoria |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Deakin
University |
44,239 |
447 |
1,383 |
15,708 |
436 |
62,213 |
| Federation
University Australia(a) |
8,043 |
67 |
335 |
9,280 |
992 |
18,717 |
| La Trobe University |
27,052 |
312 |
823 |
8,832 |
1,753 |
38,772 |
| Monash
University |
42,368 |
684 |
2,301 |
29,545 |
11,855 |
86,753 |
| RMIT
University |
36,024 |
548 |
2,306 |
18,697 |
15,153 |
72,728 |
| Swinburne
University of Technology |
29,865 |
305 |
944 |
6,994 |
3,734 |
41,842 |
| The
University of Melbourne |
38,110 |
973 |
2,949 |
28,361 |
256 |
70,649 |
| University
of Divinity |
1,260 |
18 |
64 |
129 |
29 |
1,500 |
| Victoria
University |
14,985 |
268 |
814 |
7,273 |
5,171 |
28,511 |
| Non-University
Higher Education Institutions |
5,966 |
48 |
261 |
28,407 |
686 |
35,368 |
| Queensland |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bond
University |
2,728 |
68 |
112 |
2,973 |
220 |
6,101 |
| CQUniversity |
17,583 |
229 |
496 |
8,608 |
17 |
26,933 |
| Griffith
University |
38,299 |
1,015 |
1,223 |
8,342 |
674 |
49,553 |
| James
Cook University |
13,544 |
179 |
426 |
3,327 |
3,265 |
20,741 |
| Queensland
University of Technology |
40,710 |
691 |
1,330 |
9,729 |
40 |
52,500 |
| The
University of Queensland |
32,891 |
681 |
1,521 |
20,092 |
120 |
55,305 |
| University
of Southern Queensland |
21,559 |
347 |
717 |
2,323 |
474 |
25,420 |
| University
of the Sunshine Coast |
13,452 |
266 |
281 |
3,579 |
182 |
17,760 |
| Non-University
Higher Education Institutions |
6,563 |
80 |
174 |
1,990 |
6 |
8,813 |
| Western
Australia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Curtin
University |
33,730 |
430 |
1,740 |
6,536 |
6,837 |
49,273 |
| Edith
Cowan University |
22,365 |
337 |
1,100 |
5,914 |
921 |
30,637 |
| Murdoch
University |
14,348 |
245 |
739 |
3,976 |
6,116 |
25,424 |
| The
University of Notre Dame Australia |
11,200 |
np |
221 |
214 |
< 5 |
11,727 |
| The
University of Western Australia |
17,523 |
209 |
1,078 |
5,272 |
115 |
24,197 |
| Non-University
Higher Education Institutions |
996 |
7 |
108 |
1,758 |
2,034 |
4,903 |
| South Australia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Flinders
University |
19,437 |
101 |
831 |
3,546 |
1,585 |
25,500 |
| The
University of Adelaide |
18,371 |
117 |
837 |
8,921 |
57 |
28,303 |
| Torrens
University Australia |
8,060 |
77 |
140 |
8,903 |
712 |
17,892 |
| University
of South Australia |
27,054 |
111 |
1,339 |
6,424 |
323 |
35,251 |
| Private
Universities (Table C) and Non-University Higher Education Institutions |
4,720 |
61 |
147 |
2,407 |
1,154 |
8,489 |
| Tasmania |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| University
of Tasmania |
26,437 |
319 |
1,640 |
6,623 |
1,465 |
36,484 |
| Northern
Territory |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Batchelor Institute
of Indigenous Tertiary Education |
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
| Charles Darwin
University |
9,210 |
144 |
760 |
1,847 |
49 |
12,010 |
| Australian
Capital Territory |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| The
Australian National University |
14,892 |
253 |
668 |
10,214 |
290 |
26,317 |
| University
of Canberra |
12,217 |
100 |
467 |
3,267 |
217 |
16,268 |
| Non-University
Higher Education Institutions |
1,167 |
np |
186 |
330 |
< 5 |
1,697 |
| Multi-State |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Australian
Catholic University |
27,612 |
303 |
679 |
4,362 |
240 |
33,196 |
| Non-University
Higher Education Institutions |
2,862 |
42 |
110 |
97 |
40 |
3,151 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| TOTAL |
1,029,815 |
13,639 |
44,396 |
436,305 |
85,643 |
1,609,798 |
Source: DESE,
‘2019 Section 2 All students’, DESE website, September 2020.
[1].
Updating and adapting H Ferguson and H Sherrell, Overseas students in
Australian higher education: a quick guide, Research paper series, 2018–19,
Parliamentary Library, Canberra, 20 June 2019.
[2].
Export income figures are from Parliamentary Library calculations based on
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), International
Trade: Supplementary Information, Financial Year, cat. no. 5368.0.55.003,
Table 9.1, ABS, Canberra, 2020.
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