CHAPTER 2
ATTORNEY-GENERAL'S PORTFOLIO
2.1
This chapter summarises some of the matters raised during the
committee's consideration of the budget estimates for the Attorney-General's Portfolio
for the 2012-13 financial year.
Family Court of Australia and Federal Magistrates Court of Australia
2.2
The committee questioned officers on the processes leading to the discovery
and correction of the proclamation error concerning legislation which
transferred jurisdiction for de facto property and maintenance matters from the
states and territories (except Western Australia) to the Commonwealth.
2.3
De facto property and maintenance matters were transferred to the
Commonwealth following the passage of the Family Law Amendment (De Facto
Financial Matters and Other Measures) Act 2008. Due to a departmental
oversight, a proclamation was not made at the time to set a date from which the
Family Court of Australia can exercise the de facto property jurisdiction,
resulting in uncertainty around the status of certain family law court orders. The
Family Law Amendment (Validation of Certain Orders and Other Measures) Act
2012 received Royal Assent on 10 April 2012 and retrospectively validates
affected orders.[1]
2.4
The committee sought details on the timeline of events which led to the
discovery of the error and invited officers from the Attorney-General's
Department to assist in providing a response. It was explained that the matter
was first identified by the department in the first week of December, following
a due diligence exercise. This exercise was undertaken after the notification
of a similar issue concerning some appeals from Family Law Magistrates in
Western Australia affecting orders made by the federal family courts between 1
July 2006 and 20 October 2011, as a result of the Jurisdiction of Courts
(Family Law) Act 2006.[2]
The Secretary of the department, Mr Roger Wilkins AO, explained
to the committee:
Mr Wilkins: It is a very unusual type of provision.
You would not necessarily expect to find it in an act of parliament, actually.
It is a provision that says the functions of the court are those which are
prescribed, essentially—which is something that we no longer do and no longer
have. So, yes, there should be due diligence, and there is due diligence—and
that does occur in the department. I am satisfied that, in 99.9 per cent of
cases there is not a problem; this one was a slip-up.
...
Senator BRANDIS: So the officer responsible simply
through oversight, omitted to have the matter placed on the Executive Council
agenda back in 2009 and that oversight was never noticed until the first week
of December last year?
Mr Wilkins: It was not about the commencement of the
provision—that was not the problem. The problem was that there needed to be an
extra bit conferring jurisdiction formally on the court, and there is a provision
in the legislation prescribing that—which, as I say, is unusual and which
recent legislation, as you know, which has come before the House has actually
altered to get rid of, on the advice of parliamentary counsel that we should
not have that in the legislation.[3]
2.5
The committee was advised that the Chief Justice of the Family Court was
notified about the issue by the department on 22 December 2011. The evidence indicated
that the Attorney-General was notified of the issue on 9 January 2012;
however, the Minister undertook on notice to confirm that date.[4]
2.6
In reply to a question about the number of affected orders, officers of
the Family Court indicated that it would be a 'significant number' and
undertook to provide details to the committee on notice.
Budget
2.7
The committee heard that the Federal Magistrates Court (FMC) has run a
deficit for the last five years. To turn around this budgetary shortfall, the FMC
expected to take steps that may result in the reduction of services and staff
numbers. Mr Richard Foster PSM, Acting Chief Executive Officer of the FMC,
indicated that the provision of some regional services would also be reviewed.[5]
He conceded that inevitably there would be some reduction in court services and
potential for greater delays in the system.[6]
2.8
Mr Foster further advised that the number of filings within the FMC has
increased steadily in recent years and resourcing levels have not been adequate
to cover services:
Mr R Foster: The Chief Justice has authorised me to
say, as she was the Chief Federal Magistrate when the court was established,
that quite frankly the court was never resourced properly from day one. It was
her view that there was to be a review of the court's resourcing four or five
years after the court commenced, and that has never occurred. So the Federal
Magistrates Court has had to live on the goodwill and cooperation of the Family
Court of Australia and to a lesser extent the Federal Court of Australia, and
it has grown to such an extent that there has never been sufficient funding to
cover the court. That is consequently why we are running at such significant
deficits.
Senator BRANDIS: And since 2008 until April of this
year—for four years, effectively—under the shadow of uncertainty as to its very
future?
Mr R Foster: Yes, that is right.
Senator BRANDIS: You have told me in previous
estimates that at the time that had a terrible effect on the morale of the
federal magistrates.
Mr R Foster: That is unquestionable.[7]
2.9
Like the FMC, the Family Court is exempt from the additional efficiency
dividend; however, the committee sought the agency's response to the impact of
the existing 1.5 per cent dividend which applies for the 2011-12 and 2012-13
financial years. Mr Foster, as Chief Executive Officer of the Family Court, outlined
a number of areas which are being considered to meet the efficiency dividend
and to bring the budget back into surplus. He advised that there will be a
reduction in travel, use of consultants, supply costs and a reduction in leased
premises in rural and regional areas. He also indicated that there will be a
significant reduction in staff.[8]
Federal Court of Australia
2.10
The committee questioned officers about the budget measure which
involves the transfer of the National Native Title Tribunal functions of native
title claims mediations to the Federal Court, with the aim of increasing
efficiencies within the tribunal. The Chief Executive Officer/Registrar, Mr
Warwick Soden, clarified the current arrangements following the 2009 amendments
to the Native Title Act 1993, which removed the requirement for all
matters to be referred from the Federal Court to the tribunal for mediation:
...since that time, as a result of those amendments, there has
been a much greater clarity of the responsibility of all of the proceedings. In
essence, it shifted from the tribunal to the Federal Court, keeping in mind
they were always proceedings in the court. There has been an increase in the
case management and related mediation activity and probably ILUA [Indigenous land
use agreements] oversight activity by the court in relation to matters that had
previously been the responsibility of the tribunal. In one sense...there is a
transfer of mediation and related ILUA responsibility from the tribunal to the
court, but I would like to make that qualification that it is not happening in
an environment where the court has not been involved increasingly in the last
couple of years.[9]
2.11
In response to concerns that this budget measure would result in the
removal of mediation of native title disputes from a specialist tribunal to a
court with limited specialist experience in the development of Indigenous land
use agreements, Mr Soden advised:
...there is a great depth of experience in the Federal
Court amongst those judges who have taken a special interest and become, I
believe, highly specialised in the native title jurisdiction. And it does not
only go to issues concerning the trial; those judges manage the cases from
beginning to end and those cases were commenced before the tribunal undertook
mediation or work concerning ILUAs associated with a consent determination. So
the judges managing those cases had to understand and be on top of what was
happening with the case. In that sense, I think they all would have a very deep
understanding of the relationship between the case and the ILUA and the issues
involved. It was the judges in more recent times with the ability to take
control to a greater extent, after the 2009 amendments, that have been able to
focus upon the issues in an active case management sense, including, most
probably, issues relating to what might need to be done in the ILUA
environment, which has led, I believe, to that great acceleration in the
consent determinations, which...often involve an ILUA.[10]
...
I cannot speak for policy matters, but I can certainly make a
comment from my perspective on what has happened in recent times...I think that a
decade or so ago there was a clear policy view that the mediation should be
separate from the court and undertaken in an environment that was outside of
the court. However, I believe in the last decade there has been a shift in a
phenomenon that I would describe as being the realisation that a very effective
mediation can take place under the auspices of a judge managing the case, where
the judge manages the case and makes orders in relation to the kind of
mediation, the timeframe for things to be done and the issues that might be
dealt with in the mediation.[11]
2.12
Mr Wilkins added:
...I think this is a move in the right direction as a matter of
public policy. Forget about the efficiency aspects of this—which are not
unimportant in terms of public policy—if you want a system that actually
delivers, as you say, in a more timely and proficient way, consent
determinations underpinned by ILUAs, I think this is the right way to go...[S]ome
of those functions from the Native Title Tribunal are not just going to
disappear; they will be incorporated into the native title functions in
relation to ILUA negotiations not related to native title claims mediation. The
arbitral functions regarding future acts will stay; they will come across and
remain badged under this concept of a National Native Title Tribunal.[12]
National Native Title Tribunal
2.13
The committee pursued this line of questioning during examination of the
National Native Title Tribunal. The Registrar, Ms Stephanie Fryer-Smith,
described the mediation role as a core function of the tribunal to which it has
'devoted considerable care and time and resources to developing...a multidisciplinary
approach'.[13]
Ms Fryer-Smith elaborated on the difference in the mediation model of the two
bodies:
Obviously my observation of the Federal Court's mediation
practice is very much an external one. It is well known that the court has its
own priority list of matters—that is, native title cases which are seen as
being well within a point of being determined—and the tribunal has quite a
number of those matters currently in mediation with it. Many of the cases on
the priority list are, I understand, mediated by a deputy district-registrar.
Sometimes I understand the court uses external consultants. The court also
engages in case management of cases in a way that would certainly not be the
same as the tribunal's.
[T]he tribunal has adopted a multi-disciplinary approach to
dealing with native title mediations. We have a number of Indigenous employees
who are involved in the mediation process. There is a high degree of awareness
of the complexity of native title claims and proceedings. There are often very
many parties. Their interests and priorities are not necessarily aligned. Over
the years we think that the practice we have developed is one that is well
suited to determining native title proceedings in a way in which typically
there will be Indigenous land use agreements forming part of a packaged
settlement of a particular determination. So, in a sense, all the parties'
interests can be satisfied in the one outcome. So, it would appear that they
are different styles.[14]
2.14
Of interest to the committee was the amount of consultation and
the tribunal's position on this budget measure. Ms Fryer-Smith advised that the
tribunal was informed of the proposed changes on 27 March 2012 and subsequently
had a series of meetings with the department. Mr Fryer-Smith also confirmed
that the tribunal had participated in the Skehill review from August until
December 2011.[15]
Office of the Australian Information Commissioner
2.15
This is the second occasion that the Office of the Australian Information
Commissioner has appeared before the committee for examination of estimates
since that office's transfer from the Prime Minister and Cabinet Portfolio on
19 October 2011.
2.16
One area of interest to the committee was the implementation of a
disclosure log under section 11C of the reformed Freedom of Information Act
1982 which requires an agency to publish online the details of information
that has been released under the Act (subject to exemptions for some personal
and business privacy reasons).[16]
2.17
The committee examined a range of other topics with the office,
including the power to investigate systemic problems relating to FOI processing
within agencies; monitoring of compliance of the Information Publication Scheme;
and the Review of charges under the Freedom of Information Act 1982, in
particular, the recommendation that an agency or minister would have the
discretion to refuse to process an FOI request for personal or non-personal
information that it estimates to take more than 40 hours.
Australian Customs and Border Protection Service
2.18
Committee members spent considerable time questioning officials from
Customs about the impact of budget cuts and additional efficiency dividend on
operations in a range of areas within the agency. For example, details were
sought on the impact of the budget cut of $7.2 million from civil maritime
surveillance and response, the reduction of $10.4 million for passenger
facilitation and the redirection of capital works totalling $19.5 million over
the forward estimates to other border protection initiatives.
2.19
While still in the process of finalising budgeting decisions, the Chief
Executive Officer of Customs, Mr Michael Carmody, assured the committee
that the areas of the passenger clearance, border security, air and waterfront
control, people smuggling, vessel clearance and offshore maritime response
would not be subject to any staffing reductions as a result of the additional
efficiency dividend. The agency would also be looking at achieving efficiencies
in supplier expenses, including licensing arrangements and legal expenses.[17]
Australian Federal Police (AFP)
2.20
The committee pursued detailed questioning on the AFP's budgetary
position and the impact of cuts. It heard that the AFP's operating
appropriation is reduced by $67 million for the next financial year, which
includes $24.54 million as a result of the additional efficiency dividend. The
committee was advised that the resulting impact in terms of staffing numbers
was expected to be a net reduction in staff of 10 across the organisation.[18]
Mr Andrew Wood, Chief Operating Officer, elaborated on the issue of the
efficiency dividend:
...as an executive team we then take the available resources
and look at the priorities of the organisation for the coming financial year.
We look at where within the organisation we can pursue efficiencies, reduce
duplication, ensure that we are leveraging as best we can off
whole-of-government initiatives around ICT purchasing and those sorts of
things, so as to minimise the effect on ASL numbers.
So, whilst the PBS does reflect that those resourcing
changes—if there is no intervention from the executive of the
organisation—would result in a reduction of 10. That is not necessarily the
trajectory we intend following once we have an opportunity to look at the
budget in the light of our priorities in 1213 and assign it accordingly. So
each estimates we tend to, in response to questions, give you an update on just
what our staffing numbers are. That will give you a true indication, as
estimates processes progress through the year, of the actual staffing levels we
are achieving—and then comparing those to the performance of the organisation.[19]
2.21
The AFP was also questioned on a range of issues, including the National
Open Source Intelligence Centre (NOSIC) contract, complaints about AFP
personnel overseas, the AFP's role in training Indonesian security forces, AFP
involvement in the interception of an illegal entry vessel off Cocos (Keeling)
Islands, recent seizures of illicit drugs, the closure of the Robina facility,
and the new forensics facility announced in the 2012-13 budget.
Attorney-General's Department
2.22
The department updated the committee on its response to the increased
efficiency dividend, particularly in terms of staff reductions. The committee
heard that a business planning process has begun which will determine the
workforce structure, and officers reported that almost half of the additional
efficiency dividend will be achieved by reductions in supplier expenditure and
the remainder in staff reductions (through natural attrition, discontinuance of
non-ongoing contracts and voluntary redundancies). The department reported
finding savings through reductions in supplier expenses, use of consultants,
travel expenses, printing and publication costs, and legal expenses.[20]
2.23
The committee also questioned officers about the 2012-13 budget expense
measure which will defer payments from the Confiscated Assets Account made
under section 298 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002. Budget paper No. 2
indicates that this measure will achieve savings of $13.5 million in 2012-13
and $58.3 million over the forward estimates, and will be redirected to support
other government priorities.[21]
Concerns were raised about the impact of this measure on the programs of
expenditure under the Act relating to crime prevention activities which are
managed by the department.
2.24
It was explained to the committee that the amounts identified are
actually a quarantine of the funds, and that they will remain in the account
and become available in later years. Mr Iain Anderson advised that a number of
programs will continue to run over the coming years:
There are currently over 200 community based projects funded
through the proceeds of crime account that will be running for a period of
approximately 18 months to two years, I believe. The government has recently
committed to projects that involve funding for women's refuges, for example, to
assist them to incorporate new security measures. There is a suite of projects
which involve police citizens youth clubs and youth diversionary projects. The
terms of an agreement are being negotiated with Neighbourhood Watch for a
three-year package of funding for them. So there will still continue to be a
considerable body of projects over the next few years.[22]
2.25
Given the department's advice that the funds concerned are quarantined, the
committee queried the statement in Budget Paper No. 2 in relation to this
measure which indicates that savings will be redirected to support other government
priorities:
Senator WRIGHT:...Can you provide details about what
those priorities and programs will be, or is that at odds with what you are
saying, which is that it will actually be remaining quarantined in the fund?
Mr Wilkins: There are no identifiable hypothecated
things that we can point to, if that is what you are after.
Senator WRIGHT: If that was what was stated to be the
objective of having that amount as a saving, it is a bit dissonant with what I
am hearing now, which is that in fact it is to sit there and be quarantined and
not directed to priorities.
Mr Wilkins: No, it has the effect of coming off the
bottom line of the budget. In accounting terms, it is a saving.
Senator WRIGHT: Yes, I understand that. So essentially
that might be the priority that was being referred to.
Mr Wilkins: You may like to think of it this way: it
frees up the capacity to use funds out of the consolidated fund. It offsets, if
you like, it going to the bottom line of the budget. So, indirectly, it does
allow the government to spend or redirect that funding, if you like, but it is
done through the artifice of holding this money and not expending it.[23]
2.26
Other areas of interest to the committee during examination of the
department included: progress in the consolidation review of
anti-discrimination legislation; the Review of the National Partnership
Agreement on Legal Assistance Services and Legal Aid; court fee increases; meetings
with the Indonesian government in relation to the release of Indonesian minors
held in Australian prisons; the intercountry adoption program between Australia
and Ethiopia and termination of a contract with the Tesfa/Abdi Waq orphanage; Australian
contract law reform; a federal charter of victims' rights; the United States-Australia
Joint Statement on Countering Transnational Crime, Terrorism and Violent
Extremism; the updated alert location system; the DisasterWatch phone app; and
the Crisis Coordination Centre.
Senator Trish Crossin
Chair
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