Footnotes


Footnotes

CHAPTER 1 - Introduction

[1]        Senate Selection of Bills Committee, Report No. 11 of 2010, 30 September 2010, Appendix 7.

[2]        Explanatory Memorandum, Commonwealth Commissioner for Children and Young People Bill 2010 (EM), p. 1; and Senator Sarah Hanson‑Young, Senate Hansard, Second Reading Speech, Commonwealth Commissioner for Children and Young People Bill 2010, 29 September 2010, pp 278‑279.

[3]        EM, p. 1.

[4]        EM, p. 1.

[5]        EM, p. 1.

CHAPTER 2 - Overview of the Bill

[1]        Senator Andrew Murray, Senate Hansard, Second Reading Speech, National Commissioner for Children Bill 2008, 18 March 2008, p. 1109; Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC), An Australian Children's Commissioner: Discussion Paper, October 2010, p. 2; and Senate Community Affairs References Committee, Forgotten Australians: A report on Australians who experienced institutional or out-of-home care as children, August 2004, p. 238.

[2]        The Hon. Nicola Roxon MP, House Hansard, First Reading Speech, A Better Future for Our Kids Bill 2003, 26 May 2003, p. 14833.

[3]        Explanatory Memorandum, National Commissioner for Children Bill 2008 (EM), pp 1‑2; and Senator Andrew Murray, Senate Hansard, Second Reading Speech, National Commissioner for Children Bill 2008, 18 March 2008, p. 1109.

[4]        AHRC, An Australian Children's Commissioner: Discussion Paper, October 2010, pp 2-3.

[5]        AHRC, An Australian Children's Commissioner: Discussion Paper, October 2010, pp 2-3; and Alister Lamont and Prue Holzer, Children's commissioners and guardians, National Child Protection Clearing House Resource Sheet, July 2010, p. 1.

[6]        AHRC, Australia's commitment to children's rights and reporting to the UN, October 2007, pp 2-3.

[7]        AHRC, An Australian Children's Commissioner: Discussion Paper, October 2010, p. 3.

[8]        AHRC, An Australian Children's Commissioner: Discussion Paper, October 2010, p. 8.

[9]        Senator Sarah Hanson‑Young, Senate Hansard, Second Reading Speech, Commonwealth Commissioner for Children and Young People Bill 2010, 29 September 2010, pp 278‑279; and AHRC, An Australian Children's Commissioner: Discussion Paper, October 2010, p. 9.

[10]      AHRC, An Australian Children's Commissioner: Discussion Paper, October 2010, pp 5 and 8.

[11]      Senator Sarah Hanson‑Young, Senate Hansard, Second Reading Speech, Commonwealth Commissioner for Children and Young People Bill 2010, 29 September 2010, pp 278‑279; AHRC, An Australian Children's Commissioner: Discussion Paper, October 2010, pp 5 and 8; and Australian Government, Protecting Children is Everyone's Business: National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009-2020, 2009, p. 9.

[12]      Senator Sarah Hanson‑Young, Senate Hansard, Second Reading Speech, Commonwealth Commissioner for Children and Young People Bill 2010, 29 September 2010, pp 278‑279; and National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009‑2020, Factsheet 1: Understanding the approach, p. 1, http://www.childsafety.qld.gov.au/child-protection/national-framework.html (accessed 24 March 2011).

[13]      Australian Government, Protecting Children is Everyone's Business: National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009-2020, 2009, pp 5‑9.

[14]      Australian Government, Protecting Children is Everyone's Business: National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009-2020, 2009, pp 5‑9.

[15]      Senator Sarah Hanson‑Young, Senate Hansard, Second Reading Speech, Commonwealth Commissioner for Children and Young People Bill 2010, 29 September 2010, pp 278‑279; and National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009‑2020, Factsheet 1: Understanding the approach, p. 2, http://www.childsafety.qld.gov.au/child-protection/national-framework.html (accessed 24 March 2011).

[16]      Australian Government, Annual Report to the Council of Australian Governments 2009‑10 — Protecting Children is Everyone's Business: National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009‑2020, 2010, pp 28 and 31.

[17]      The information in this section is taken largely from the Explanatory Memorandum to the Bill, and the Bill itself. See EM and Commonwealth Commissioner for Children and Young People Bill 2010.

CHAPTER 3 - Main issues regarding the purpose and general provisions of the Bill

[1]        See for example: Mallesons Stephen Jaques Human Rights Law Group, Submission 80, pp 4‑6; South Australian Child and Family Health Nurses Association, Submission 73, pp 1‑2; Humanist Society of Victoria, Submission 37, pp 2‑3; St Vincent de Paul Society, Submission 31, pp 1‑3; Mr Thomas Colley, Submission 2, p. 1; Ms Grace Gorman, Submission 3, p. 1; Mr George Winston AM, Submission 5, p. 1; Ms Jean Jordan, Submission 6, p. 1; Mr Rodney Selden, Submission 7, p. 1; Ms Sue Hoffman, Submission 8, p. 1; and Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC), Submission 50, p. 1.

[2]        Human Rights Law Resource Centre (HRLRC), Submission 51, p. 2.

[3]        Ombudsman Victoria, Submission 11, pp 1‑2; and AHRC, Submission 50, p. 7.

[4]        Mallesons Stephen Jaques Human Rights Law Group, Submission 80, p. 6.

[5]        Ms Anna Schulze, Director, Policy Research and Advocacy, Save the Children Australia, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 1.

[6]        See for example: HRLRC, Submission 51, p. 3; Children's Hospitals Australasia, Submission 41, pp 1‑2; Mr Tony Arch, Submission 1, pp 1‑2; Ivanhoe Group of Amnesty International Australia, Submission 29, p. 1; Salvation Army, Submission 23, pp 3‑4; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, pp 6‑7.

[7]        Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 6. See also: The Royal Australasian College of Physicians, Submission 77, p. 1; HRLRC, Submission 51, p. 3; Mission Australia, Submission 56, pp 4‑5; Novita Children's Services, Submission 93, pp 3‑4; Multicultural Youth Advocacy Network (MYAN), Submission 84, p. 3; and Australian Medical Association (AMA), Submission 88, p. 3. Such inquiries include: Australian Law Reform Commission, Seen and Heard: priority for children in the legal process; and Senate Community Affairs References Committee, Forgotten Australians: A report on Australians who experienced institutional or out-of-home care as children.

[8]        Youthlaw, Submission 27, p. 3.

[9]        See for example: Mission Australia, Submission 56, p. 4; The Benevolent Society, Submission 38, p. 3; Blind Citizens Australia, Submission 49, p. 2; Mallesons Stephen Jaques Human Rights Law Group, Submission 80, pp 4‑6; and AHRC, Submission 50, pp 1 and 6.

[10]      AHRC, Submission 50, p. 1.

[11]      Ms Cate McKenzie, Group Manager, Women and Children's Policy Group, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FaHCSIA), Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, pp 30‑31.

[12]      Australian Youth Affairs Coalition (AYAC)/ State and Territory Youth Peaks/ MYAN/ Centre for the Advancement of Adolescent Health (CAAH)/ headspace/ Inspire Foundation, Submission 86, p. 7; HRLRC, Submission 51, p. 1; Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 13; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 3; and National Children's and Youth Law Centre (NCYLC)/ Australian Research Alliance for Children and Youth (ARACY)/ UNICEF Australia/ National Association of Community Legal Centres (NACLC), Submission 79, p. 4.

[13]      See for example: Catholic Social Services Australia (CSSA), Submission 42, p. 2; Ms Gillian Calvert AO/ National Foundation for Australian Women/ National Investment for the Early Years (NIFTeY), Submission 24, p. 8; Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, p. 5; and NSW Government, Submission 91, pp 2‑5.

[14]      Child Abuse Prevention Research Australia (CAPRA), Submission 35, pp 2 and 9. See also Berry Street, Submission 74, p. 2.

[15]      Ms Calvert AO/ National Foundation for Australian Women/ NIFTeY, Submission 24, p. 2; Australian Children's Commissioners and Guardians (ACCG), Submission 20, pp 1‑3; Queensland Jurisdictional Response (Queensland Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian), Submission 58, pp 1‑2; and Berry Street, Submission 74, pp 2‑3.

[16]      Berry Street, Submission 74, pp 2‑3.

[17]      FamilyVoice, Australia, Submission 18, pp 1‑3. See also Australian Christian Lobby, Submission 65, pp 1‑2.

[18]      Humanist Society of Victoria, Submission 37, p. 2.

[19]      ACCG, Submission 20, pp 1‑3.

[20]      Ms McKenzie, FaHCSIA, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 31.

[21]      NCYLC/ ARACY/ UNICEF Australia/ NACLC, Submission 79, pp 3 and 6‑7; AHRC, Submission 50, pp 5‑6; Berry Street, Submission 74, p. 3; National Welfare Rights Network, Submission 87, p. 1; and Queensland Jurisdictional Response (Queensland Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian), Submission 58, p. 3.

[22]      AHRC, Submission 50, pp 5‑6.

[23]      Ms Calvert AO/ National Foundation for Australian Women/ NIFTeY, Submission 24, pp 1‑2.

[24]      PeakCare, Submission 28, p. 1.

[25]      Ms Calvert AO/ National Foundation for Australian Women/ NIFTeY, Submission 24, p. 1. See also NCYLC/ ARACY/ UNICEF Australia/ NACLC, Submission 79, pp 6‑7.

[26]      Youth Legal Service, Submission 19, p. 4; National Council for Single Mothers and their Children, Submission 55, p. 2; and National Disability Services (NDS), Submission 54, p. 1.

[27]      NCYLC/ ARACY/ UNICEF Australia/ NACLC, Submission 79, p. 7.

[28]      See for example: Australian Association of Social Workers, Submission 44, p. 1; Families Australia, Submission 17, pp 6‑7; NDS, Submission 54, p. 2; Secretariat of National Aboriginal and Islander Child Care (SNAICC), Submission 53, p. 3; and Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), Submission 64, p. 5.

[29]      Mr Brian Babington, Chief Executive Officer, Families Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 9.

[30]      Families Australia, Submission 17, pp 6‑7.

[31]      Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, p. 3; Ms Calvert AO/ National Foundation for Australian Women/ NIFTeY, Submission 24, p. 5; and Youth Legal Service, Submission 19, p. 4.

[32]      Youth Legal Service, Submission 19, p. 6.

[33]      NDS, Submission 54, p. 1.

[34]      See for example: Berry Street, Submission 74, pp 2‑4; ACCG, Submission 20, p. 3; HRLRC, Submission 51, p. 1; NSW Ombudsman, Submission 90, p. 1; National Council for Single Mothers and their Children, Submission 55, p. 3; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, pp 8‑11. See also Ms Rosemary Budavari, Co-director, Criminal Law and Human Rights Unit, Law Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, pp 18‑19.

[35]      HRLRC, Submission 51, p. 3.

[36]      HRLRC, Submission 51, p. 5.

[37]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, pp 8‑10.

[38]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, pp 8‑10 and 21.

[39]      ACCG, Submission 20, p. 3.

[40]      Ms Nicole Cardinal, Policy Research and Advocacy Adviser, Save the Children Australia, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 3.

[41]      Australian Christian Lobby, Submission 65, p. 2.

[42]      Ms Cardinal, Save the Children Australia, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 4. See also Ms Catherine Branson, President and Human Rights Commissioner, AHRC, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 23.

[43]      See for example: Barnardos, Submission 32, p. 1; Families Australia, Submission 17, pp 8‑9; AYAC/ State and Territory Youth Peaks/ MYAN/ CAAH/ headspace/ Inspire Foundation, Submission 86, p. 11; CREATE Foundation, Submission 30, p. 2; Berry Street, Submission 74, p. 4; and SNAICC, Submission 53, p. 3.

[44]      Berry Street, Submission 74, p. 4.

[45]      FamilyVoice Australia, Submission 18, p. 4.

[46]      National Association for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (NAPCAN), Submission 47, p.  3; Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, p. 3; Ms Calvert AO/ National Foundation for Australian Women/ NIFTeY, Submission 24, p. 7; and  Blind Citizens Australia, Submission 49, p. 3.

[47]      Ms Schulze, Save the Children Australia, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 5.

[48]      Blind Citizens Australia, Submission 49, p. 3.

[49]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 13.

[50]      Families Australia, Submission 17, pp 8‑9. See also: Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 13; and CREATE Foundation, Submission 30, p. 2.

[51]      Families Australia, Submission 17, pp 8‑9.

[52]      Associate Professor Philip Mendes, Submission 14, pp 1‑4.

[53]      Associate Professor Mendes, Submission 14, pp 4‑5.

[54]      Mr Julian Pocock, Director of Public Policy and Practice Development, Berry Street, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 14. See also Mr Frank Hytten, Chief Executive Officer, SNAICC, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 7.

[55]      Australian Council on Children and the Media (ACCM), Submission 52, p. 3; AMA, Submission 88, p. 2; Youthlaw, Submission 27, pp 2-3; National Welfare Rights Network, Submission 87, p. 1; YMCA, Submission 64, p. 7; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, pp 11-13; and NCYLC/ ARACY/ UNICEF Australia/ NACLC, Submission 79, p. 7.

[56]      Families Australia, Submission 17, pp 12‑13. This was also supported by Early Childhood Australia (ECA), Submission 26, p. 1; HRLRC, Submission 51, pp 10‑11; SNAICC, Submission 53, p. 3; PeakCare, Submission 28, p. 2; and The Law Society of New South Wales, Submission 60, p. 2.

[57]      Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 10. See also: YMCA, Submission 64, p. 7; Australian Association of Social Workers, Submission 44, p. 1; SNAICC, Submission 53, p. 3; and Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 12.

[58]      Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 12. See also Children with Disability Australia, Submission 83, p. 7.

[59]      Blind Citizens Australia, Submission 49, p. 2; Novita Children's Services, Submission 93, pp 2 and 6‑8; Julia Farr Association, Submission 76, pp 4‑5; Children with Disability Australia, Submission 83, p. 7; and People with Disability Australia, Submission 70, p. 3. See also Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 16.

[60]      Children with Disability Australia, Submission 83, p. 7.

[61]      ECA, Submission 26, p. 1; Relationships Australia, Submission 25, p. 2; and Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 12.

[62]      Ms Calvert AO/ National Foundation for Australian Women/ NIFTeY, Submission 24, p. 2. See also: The Benevolent Society, Submission 38, p. 4; and NDS, Submission 54, p. 2.

[63]      CAPRA, Submission 35, pp 1‑2.

[64]      CAPRA, Submission 35, p. 2.

[65]      CSSA, Submission 42, p. 1.

[66]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 8. See AHRC, An Australian Children's Commissioner: Discussion Paper, October 2010.

[67]      Families Australia, Submission 17, pp 4‑6. See also: Youthlaw, Submission 27, p. 2; Ms Philomena Murray, Submission 4, p. 1; and Mr John Polesel, Submission 9, p. 1.

[68]      Ms Schulze, Save the Children Australia, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 1.

[69]      See for example: Law Institute of Victoria (LIV), Submission 59, p. 2; Mr Arch, Submission 1, pp 1‑2; Youthlaw, Submission 27, p. 2; and ChilOut – Children Out of Immigration Detention (ChilOut), Submission 63, p. 4.

[70]      Youth Advocacy Centre (YAC), Submission 12, p. 1. See also ChilOut, Submission 63, p. 3.

[71]      Public Interest Advocacy Centre (PIAC), Submission 82, p. 4.

[72]      BoysTown, Submission 39, p. 2.

[73]      Ms Rosemary Budavari, Co-director, Criminal Law and Human Rights Unit, Law Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 20.

[74]      FamilyVoice Australia, Submission 18, p. 2.

[75]      See for example: Department for Child Protection WA, Submission 75, p. 1; ACCG, Submission 20, pp 2-3; Queensland Jurisdictional Response (Queensland Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian), Submission 58, pp 1‑2; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 10; and NSW Government, Submission 91, pp 2‑3.

[76]      FamilyVoice Australia, Submission 18, p. 4. See in particular Commonwealth Commissioner for Children and Young People Bill 2010, para. 3(2)(b) and subpara. 9(c)(i).

[77]      FamilyVoice Australia, Submission 18, p. 4.

[78]      Children's Hospitals Australasia, Submission 41, p. 3.

[79]      Mission Australia, Submission 56, pp 12‑13. See also UnitingCare Australia, Submission 67, p. 4.

[80]      Ms Elizabeth Fraser, Queensland Commissioner for Children and Young People and Child Guardian, ACCG, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 3.

[81]      The Employment Law Centre of Western Australia, Submission 33, p. 2. See also HRLRC, Submission 51, pp 3 and 9.

[82]      See for example: PeakCare, Submission 28, p. 3; The South Australian Council for the Care of Children, Submission 71, p. 5; The Benevolent Society, Submission 38, p. 6; Families Australia, Submission 17, pp 10‑11; CREATE Foundation, Submission 30, p. 2; NSW Government, Submission 91, p. 3; UnitingCare Australia, Submission 67, p. 5; and CAPRA, Submission 35, p. 4.

[83]      Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 11. See also Australian Association of Social Workers, Submission 44, p. 1.

[84]      Ms Prue Warrilow, Chair, Families Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 10.

[85]      Centre for Excellence in Child and Family Welfare, Submission 13, p. 1.

[86]      ACCG, Submission 20, pp 2-3.

[87]      Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 10. See also Blind Citizens Australia, Submission 49, p. 2; The Employment Law Centre of Western Australia, Submission 33, p. 2; PeakCare, Submission 28, p. 2; ACCG, Submission 20, pp 2-3; Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, p. 2; and HRLRC, Submission 51, p. 9.

[88]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 7; and Ombudsman Victoria, Submission 11, pp 1‑2. See also Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia (ALSWA), Submission 15, p. 1; Youthlaw, Submission 27, p. 3; Centre for Excellence in Child and Family Welfare, Submission 13, p. 1; and The South Australian Council for the Care of Children, Submission 71, p. 1.

[89]      PeakCare, Submission 28, p. 2.

[90]      Women Everywhere Advocating Violence Eradication (WEAVE), Submission 48, p. 8.

[91]      Dr Ken Baker, Chief Executive, NDS, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 12.

[92]      PIAC, Submission 82, p. 4.

[93]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 20.

[94]      Ms Budavari, Law Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 18.

[95]      Ms Fraser, ACCG, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 4.

[96]      See for example: Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, p. 3; NSW Government, Submission 91, p. 4; HRLRC, Submission 51, pp 5‑6; BoysTown, Submission 39, p. 3; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Service (ATSILS), Submission 22, p. 3; and Youth Legal Service, Submission 19, p. 4.

[97]      YAC, Submission 12, p. 2; and Youth Legal Service, Submission 19, p. 4.

[98]      See for example: Mallesons Stephen Jaques Human Rights Law Group, Submission 80, pp 13‑14; NSW Government, Submission 91, p. 4; Mission Australia, Submission 56, p. 8; Relationships Australia, Submission 25, pp 2-3; Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, p. 4; ATSILS, Submission 22, pp 3-4; and YACVic, Submission 92, p. 5.

[99]      ATSILS, Submission 22, p. 3; and BoysTown, Submission 39, p. 3.

[100]    Mallesons Stephen Jaques Human Rights Law Group, Submission 80, p. 14.

[101]    Families Australia, Submission 17, pp 16-17. See also: Play Environment Consulting, Submission 21, p. 1; and Mallesons Stephen Jaques Human Rights Law Group, Submission 80, p. 14.

[102]    CAPRA, Submission 35, pp 6‑7. See also NCYLC/ ARACY/ UNICEF Australia/ NACLC, Submission 79, pp 8‑9.

[103]    Mallesons Stephen Jaques Human Rights Law Group, Submission 80, p. 15; YACVic, Submission 92, p. 6; and Youthlaw, Submission 27, p. 4.

[104]    Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 16. See also: Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, p. 3; Mr Don Morris, Submission 68, p. 1; NSW Government, Submission 91, p. 4; and Mallesons Stephen Jaques Human Rights Law Group, Submission 80, p. 15.

[105]    Centre for Excellence in Child Safety and Family Welfare, Submission 13, pp 1‑2. See also: National Welfare Rights Network, Submission 87, p. 1; YMCA, Submission 64, p. 7; Association of Children's Welfare Agencies (ACWA), Submission 16, p. 2; Youth Legal Service, Submission 19, p. 4; CAPRA, Submission 35, pp 7‑8; and ChilOut, Submission 63, p. 6.

[106]    See for example: NDS, Submission 54, p. 3; CAPRA, Submission 35, pp 7‑8; Australian Association of Social Workers, Submission 44, p. 1; HRLRC, Submission 51, pp 11‑12; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 22; SNAICC, Submission 53, p. 4; Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, p. 5; and AHRC, Submission 50, p. 7.

[107]    Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 10.

[108]    HRLRC, Submission 51, p. 1.

[109]    NCYLC/ ARACY/ UNICEF Australia/ NACLC, Submission 79, p. 9; and Relationships Australia, Submission 25, p. 3.

[110]    Dr Rebecca Newton, Research Associate, CAPRA, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, pp 12‑13.

[111]    ATSILS, Submission 22, p. 2. See also ALSWA, Submission 15, p. 2.

[112]    Youthlaw, Submission 27, p. 5.

[113]    See for example: Relationships Australia, Submission 25, p. 3; Youthlaw, Submission 27, p. 4; PeakCare, Submission 28, pp 3‑4; CREATE Foundation, Submission 30, p. 3; ACWA, Submission 16, p. 2; Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 17; AHRC, Submission 50, p. 7; and UnitingCare Australia, Submission 67, pp 3 and 6‑7.

[114]    Ms Calvert AO/ National Foundation for Australian Women/ NIFTeY, Submission 24, p. 8.

[115]    Berry Street, Submission 74, p. 6.

[116]    Ms Calvert AO/ National Foundation for Australian Women/ NIFTeY, Submission 24, p. 8.

[117]    CAPRA, Submission 35, p. 5.

[118]    AYAC/ State and Territory Youth Peaks/ MYAN/ CAAH/ headspace/ Inspire Foundation, Submission 86, p. 13; Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 13; and Relationships Australia, Submission 25, p. 2.

[119]    Privacy NSW, Submission 40, pp 1‑2.

[120]    The Law Society of New South Wales, Submission 60, p. 2.

[121]    Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 22.

CHAPTER 4 - Main issues regarding the functions and powers of the Commonwealth Commissioner

[1]        Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 16. See also NSW Ombudsman, Submission 90, p. 2.

[2]        Child Abuse Prevention Research Australia (CAPRA), Submission 35, p. 3. See also Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 10.

[3]        Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 15. See also: Australian Children's Commissioners and Guardians (ACCG), Submission 20, pp 2-3; and Queensland Jurisdictional Response (Queensland Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian), Submission 58, p. 1.

[4]        Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, pp 10‑11 and 16. See also Novita Children's Services, Submission 93, p. 9.

[5]        Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Service (ATSILS), Submission 22, p. 4; Youth Legal Service, Submission 19, p. 5; Youthlaw, Submission 27, p. 3; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 16; Australian Council on Children and the Media (ACCM), Submission 52, p. 3; and Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, p. 4.

[6]        Youth Legal Service, Submission 19, pp 6‑8.

[7]        Youth Legal Service, Submission 19, p. 5. See also Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), Submission 64, p. 8.

[8]        See for example: Catholic Social Services Australia (CSSA), Submission 42, p. 2; NSW Ombudsman, Submission 90, p. 2; UnitingCare Australia, Submission 67, p. 4; People with Disability Australia, Submission 70, p. 3; Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC), Submission 50, p. 7; and Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, pp 12‑13.

[9]        AHRC, Submission 50, p. 7; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, pp 12‑13; and People with Disability Australia, Submission 70, p. 3.

[10]      See for example: PeakCare, Submission 28, p. 3; Association of Children's Welfare Agencies (ACWA), Submission 16, p. 2; Families Australia, Submission 17, pp 8 and 16; NSW Ombudsman, Submission 90, p. 3; National Disability Services (NDS), Submission 54, p. 2; and Secretariat of National Aboriginal and Islander Child Care (SNAICC), Submission 53, p. 4.

[11]      Barnardos, Submission 32, p. 1; YMCA, Submission 64, p. 8; The Benevolent Society, Submission 38, p. 6; Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 8; UnitingCare Australia, Submission 67, pp 4 and 6; and ACWA, Submission 16, p. 2.

[12]      Barnardos, Submission 32, p. 1.

[13]      See for example: Youthlaw, Submission 27, p. 4; Relationships Australia, Submission 25, p. 2; ACCG, Submission 20, pp 2-3; CSSA, Submission 42, pp 1‑2; Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 14; NSW Government, Submission 91, p. 3; NDS, Submission 54, p. 2; SNAICC, Submission 53, p. 4; and Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, pp 4‑5.

[14]      PeakCare, Submission 28, p. 3; and Ms Gillian Calvert AO/ National Foundation for Australian Women/ National Investment for the Early Years (NIFTeY), Submission 24, pp 2‑4.

[15]      UnitingCare Australia, Submission 67, p. 4; Multicultural Youth Advocacy Network (MYAN), Submission 84, p. 5; and Public Interest Advocacy Centre (PIAC), Submission 82, p. 3.

[16]      PIAC, Submission 82, p. 3.

[17]      NSW Ombudsman, Submission 90, p. 2.

[18]      AHRC, Submission 50, p. 8; Mallesons Stephen Jaques Human Rights Law Group, Submission 80, p. 10; National Association for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (NAPCAN), Submission 47, p. 3; The Employment Law Centre of Western Australia, Submission 33, p. 5; Children with Disability Australia, Submission 83, p. 8; and Women Everywhere Advocating Violence Eradication (WEAVE), Submission 48, pp 10‑11.

[19]      AHRC, Submission 50, p. 8. See also Mission Australia, Submission 56, p. 7.

[20]      PeakCare, Submission 28, p. 3; Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 15; Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, p. 4; CAPRA, Submission 35, p. 5; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 18; Mallesons Stephen Jaques Human Rights Law Group, Submission 80, p. 10; Law Institute of Victoria (LIV), Submission 59, p. 2. The LIV explained that as amicus curiae, the Commonwealth Commissioner could assist the court on points of law in a particular case, but could not file pleadings, lead evidence, or lodge an appeal.

[21]      LIV, Submission 59, pp 2‑3. See also and Mallesons Stephen Jaques Human Rights Law Group, Submission 80, p. 10.

[22]      Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 15.

[23]      Mission Australia, Submission 56, p. 7.

[24]      See for example: Community Child Care Co-operative, Submission 36, p. 1; The Employment Law Centre of Western Australia, Submission 33, p. 2; The Benevolent Society, Submission 38, p. 5; LIV, Submission 59, pp 2‑3; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 18; and Youth Affairs Council of Victoria (YACVic), Submission 92, pp 5‑6.

[25]      See for example Early Childhood Australia (ECA), Submission 26, p. 2; AHRC, Submission 50, pp 8‑9; Women Everywhere Advocating Violence Eradication (WEAVE), Submission 48, p. 11; and National Children's and Youth Law Centre (NCYLC)/ Australian Research Alliance for Children and Youth (ARACY)/ UNICEF Australia/ National Association of Community Legal Centres (NACLC), Submission 79, pp 14‑15.

[26]      NAPCAN, Submission 47, pp 3‑4.

[27]      ATSILS, Submission 22, p. 4.

[28]      The Employment Law Centre of Western Australia, Submission 33, p. 5; PeakCare, Submission 28, p. 2; and Youth Legal Service, Submission 19, p. 5.

[29]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 16.

[30]      See for example: Australian Association of Social Workers, Submission 44, p. 2; Mission Australia, Submission 56, pp 10‑11; The Employment Law Centre of Western Australia, Submission 33, p. 4; AHRC, Submission 50, p. 8; ACCG, Submission 20, p. 2; WEAVE, Submission 48, p. 10; and Novita Children's Services, Submission 93, p. 9.

[31]      Mallesons Stephen Jaques Human Rights Law Group, Submission 80, pp 8‑9; YACVic, Submission 92, p. 6; and NCYLC/ ARACY/ UNICEF Australia/ NACLC, Submission 79, pp 14‑15.

[32]      Child and Family Welfare Agencies Association (CAFWAA), Submission 72, p. 1. See also YACVic, Submission 92, p. 6.

[33]      Mallesons Stephen Jaques Human Rights Law Group, Submission 80, p. 9.

[34]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 19.

[35]      See for example: People with Disability Australia, Submission 70, p. 4; Mission Australia, Submission 56, pp 10‑11; Human Rights Law Resource Centre (HRLRC), Submission 51, p. 11; Play Environment Consulting, Submission 21, p. 1; Australian Medical Association (AMA), Submission 88, p. 2; Children's Hospitals Australasia, Submission 41, p. 3; SNAICC, Submission 53, p. 4; and Australian Youth Affairs Coalition (AYAC)/ State and Territory Youth Peaks/ MYAN/ Centre for the Advancement of Adolescent Health (CAAH)/ headspace/ Inspire Foundation, Submission 86, p. 15.

[36]      NDS, Submission 54, p. 3.

[37]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 19.

[38]      Ms Calvert AO/ National Foundation for Australian Women/ NIFTeY, Submission 24, p. 3; and Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, p. 5.

[39]      NCYLC/ ARACY/ UNICEF Australia/ NACLC, Submission 79, p. 10.

[40]      ATSILS, Submission 22, p. 4.

[41]      HRLRC, Submission 51, p. 10.

[42]      Mission Australia, Submission 56, pp 6‑7. See also: MYAN, Submission 84, p. 5; SNAICC, Submission 53, p. 3; and AYAC/ State and Territory Youth Peaks/ MYAN/ CAAH/ headspace/ Inspire Foundation, Submission 86, p. 15.

[43]      Julia Farr Association, Submission 76, pp 5‑6; Children with Disability Australia, Submission 83, p. 8; and People with Disability Australia, Submission 70, p. 4.

[44]      Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 69, p. 4.

[45]      AHRC, Submission 50, p. 8.

[46]      NCYLC/ ARACY/ UNICEF Australia/ NACLC, Submission 79, p. 10.

[47]      See for example: Julia Farr Association, Submission 76, p. 5; Mackillop Family Services, Submission 45, p. 1; NSW Government, Submission 91, pp 3‑4; CREATE Foundation, Submission 30, p. 2; Barnardos, Submission 32, p. 1; ATSILS, Submission 22, p. 4; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 17; and AMA, Submission 88, p. 2.

[48]      Mr Julian Pocock, Director of Public Policy and Practice Development, Berry Street, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 16.

[49]      Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 8.

[50]      CSSA, Submission 42, p. 2.

[51]      Ms Catherine Branson, President and Human Rights Commissioner, AHRC, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 25.

[52]      Families Australia, Submission 17, pp 5‑8. See also ATSILS, Submission 22, p. 2; Mission Australia, Submission 56, pp 6‑7; Youth Legal Service, Submission 19, p. 7; and Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia (ALSWA), Submission 15, pp 1‑2.

[53]      ALSWA, Submission 15, pp 1‑2. See also: Relationships Australia, Submission 25, p. 2; Families Australia, Submission 17, pp 5‑8; Australian Association of Social Workers, Submission 44, p. 1; AMA, Submission 88, p. 2; Playgroup Queensland, Submission 43, p. 2; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78; and SNAICC, Submission 53, pp 1 and 3‑4.

[54]      ALSWA, Submission 15, p. 2; SNAICC, Submission 53, p 1; YACVic, Submission 92, p. 4; NSW Government, Submission 91, p. 3; and AYAC/ State and Territory Youth Peaks/ MYAN/ CAAH/ headspace/ Inspire Foundation, Submission 86, pp 11‑12.

[55]      SNAICC, Submission 53, p. 1.

[56]      ATSILS, Submission 22, p. 4.

[57]      NDS, Submission 54, p. 2.

[58]      Novita Children's Services, Submission 93, pp 8‑9.

[59]      Dr Ken Baker, Chief Executive, NDS, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 11.

[60]      Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 8. See also NDS, Submission 54, p. 1.

[61]      Mission Australia, Submission 56, pp 7‑8.

[62]      PIAC, Submission 82, p. 3.

[63]      See for example: Hotham Mission Asylum Seeker Project, Submission 34, pp 2‑8; ECA, Submission 26, p. 2; Mr Tony Arch, Submission 1, pp 1‑2; Ms Grace Gorman, Submission 3, p. 1; Mr George Winston AM, Submission 5, p. 1; Ms Jean Jordan, Submission 6, p. 1; Mr Rodney Selden, Submission 7, p. 1; and Ms Sue Hoffman, Submission 8, p. 1.

[64]      ChilOut – Children Out of Immigration Detention (ChilOut), Submission 63, p. 3.

[65]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC), Submission 89, p. 1.

[66]      Mr David Manne, Executive Director and Principal Solicitor, Refugee and Immigration Legal Centre, appearing on behalf of ChilOut, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 17.

[67]      Dr Wendy Southern, Deputy Secretary, Policy and Program Management Group, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 28.

[68]      Ms Branson, AHRC, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 24.

[69]      Ms Kate Gauthier, Chair, ChilOut, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, pp 20‑21.

[70]      Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 11. See also: Relationships Australia, Submission 25, p. 2; Australian Association of Social Workers, Submission 44, p. 1; and ChilOut, Submission 63, p. 6.

[71]      PeakCare, Submission 28, p. 2; and ECA, Submission 26, p. 2.

[72]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 16; and AHRC, Submission 50, pp 4‑5. See also: People with Disability Australia, Submission 70, p. 4; Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, p. 4; YACVic, Submission 92, p. 4; and MYAN, Submission 84, p. 4.

[73]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 17.

[74]      Berry Street, Submission 74, p. 5.

[75]      DIAC, Submission 89, p. 3.

[76]      FamilyVoice Australia, Submission 18, p. 5.

[77]      DIAC, Submission 89, p. 3.

[78]      CSSA, Submission 42, p. 2.

[79]      See for example: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Submission 61, pp 2‑3; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 17; ChilOut, Submission 63, pp 5‑6; Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 69, pp 2‑3; MYAN, Submission 84, pp 4‑5; AHRC, Submission 50, pp 9‑10; and Victorian Legal Aid, Submission 85, p. 2.

[80]      AHRC, Submission 50, pp 9‑10.

[81]      DIAC, Submission 89, p. 3.

[82]      UNHCR, Submission 61, pp 2‑3.

[83]      Youth Advocacy Centre (YAC), Submission 12, p. 1; and The Employment Law Centre of Western Australia, Submission 33, p. 5.

[84]      CAPRA, Submission 35, p. 5. See also MYAN, Submission 84, pp 4‑5; and DIAC, Submission 89, p. 4.

[85]      See for example: The South Australian Council for the Care of Children, Submission 71, p. 2; Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 14; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, pp 17‑18; Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, p. 4; NSW Government, Submission 91, pp 3‑4; ChilOut, Submission 63, pp 5‑6; and UnitingCare Australia, Submission 67, p. 6.

[86]      Relationships Australia, Submission 25, p. 2. See also Families Australia, Submission 17, p. 14; and Mission Australia, Submission 56, p. 12.

[87]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, pp 17‑18; NSW Government, Submission 91, p. 4; Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, pp 3‑4; and ChilOut, Submission 63, pp 5‑6.

[88]      ChilOut, Submission 63, pp 5‑6.

[89]      Ms Rosemary Budavari, Co-director, Criminal Law and Human Rights Unit, Law Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 21.

[90]      Ms Gauthier, ChilOut, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 19.

[91]      Mr Manne, ChilOut, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 18.

[92]      Mr Pocock, Berry Street, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 14.

[93]      DIAC, Submission 89, p. 4.

[94]      AHRC, Submission 50, pp 9‑10. See also YACVic, Submission 92, pp 4‑5; and MYAN, Submission 84, pp 4‑5.

[95]      ACCG, Submission 20, pp 2-3; and NSW Ombudsman, Submission 90, p. 1.

[96]      Ms Elizabeth Fraser, Queensland Commissioner for Children and Young People and Child Guardian, ACCG, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 6.

[97]      Ms Branson, AHRC, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 23.

[98]      Ms Calvert AO/ National Foundation for Australian Women/ NIFTeY, Submission 24, p. 3.

[99]      Centre for Excellence in Child and Family Welfare, Submission 13, p. 2. See also: AHRC, Submission 50, p. 7; ATSILS, Submission 22, pp 3 and 6; Mission Australia, Submission 56, pp 7 and 12; Mallesons Stephen Jaques Human Rights Law Group, Submission 80, pp 11‑13; and Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, pp 16‑17 and 21.

[100]    See for example: The Employment Law Centre of Western Australia, Submission 33, p. 4; AHRC, Submission 50, p. 7; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, pp 16‑17 and 21; Youth Legal Service, Submission 19, p. 5; ALSWA, Submission 15, p. 1; ACWA, Submission 16, p. 2; and YMCA, Submission 64, pp 8‑9.

[101]    ATSILS, Submission 22, p. 5.

[102]    The Law Society of New South Wales, Submission 60, p. 1.

[103]    Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 21.

[104]    Play Environment Consulting, Submission 21, p. 1. See also: Youthlaw, Submission 27, p. 4; Ms Calvert AO/ National Foundation for Australian Women/ NIFTeY, Submission 24, p. 4; Youth Legal Service, Submission 19, p. 5; and ACWA, Submission 16, p. 2.

[105]    Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, pp 16‑17. See also NSW Government, Submission 91, p. 4.

[106]    NCYLC/ ARACY/ UNICEF Australia/ NACLC, Submission 79, pp 15‑16.

[107]    See for example: CREATE Foundation, Submission 30, p. 2; WEAVE, Submission 48, p. 10; The Employment Law Centre of Western Australia, Submission 33, p. 4; Children's Hospitals Australasia, Submission 41, p. 3; Save the Children Australia, Submission 57, pp 3‑4; HRLRC, Submission 51, pp 7‑8; and ALSWA, Submission 15, p. 2.

[108]    Salvation Army, Submission 23, p. 5. See also NCYLC/ ARACY/ UNICEF Australia/ NACLC, Submission 79, pp 10‑12.

[109]    NAPCAN, Submission 47, p. 3.

[110]    Ms Calvert AO/ National Foundation for Australian Women/ NIFTeY, Submission 24, p. 5; Youth Legal Service, Submission 19, p. 5; Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 20; and AHRC, Submission 50, p. 9.

[111]    AHRC, Submission 50, p. 9.

[112]    People with Disability Australia, Submission 70, p. 4.

[113]    Law Council of Australia, Submission 78, p. 20.

[114]    Australian Association of Social Workers, Submission 44, p. 2.

[115]    National Council for Single Mothers and their Children, Submission 55, p. 3.

CHAPTER 5 - Committee view and recommendations

[1]        Commonwealth Commissioner for Children and Young People Bill 2010, cl. 5.

DISSENTING REPORT BY THE AUSTRALIAN GREENS

[1]        Novita Children’s Services, Submission 93, pp 8-9.

APPENDIX 3 - Role of Australian Commissioners for Children and Child Guardians[1]

[1]        Taken from Australian Children's Commissioners and Guardians, Submission 20, pp 5‑13.