Footnotes


Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        House of Representatives Hansard, 30 May 2013, p. 4528.

[2]        House of Representatives Hansard, 30 May 2013, p. 4610.

[3]        Selection Committee, Report No. 82, Report relating to the consideration of bills introduced 27 to 30 May 2013, in House of Representatives Hansard, 30 May 2013, p. 4610.

[4]        Journals of the Senate, No. 148, 18 June 2013, pp. 4048–4049.

[5]        Selection of Bills Committee, Report No. 6 of 2013, 18 June 2013, Appendix 1.

[6]        African Development Bank Group, AfDB in Brief, May 2013, http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/
AfDB%20in%20Brief.pdf (accessed 20 June 2013).

[7]        See Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, ed., Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 13th ed., Department of the Senate 2012, pp. 189, 190, 332 and 487.

[8]        MOPAN is made up of 16 donor countries—Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, The Netherlands, Norway, Republic of Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Each year MOPAN assesses several multilateral organisations for their organisational effectiveness. See Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network, Assessment of Organisational Effectiveness and Reporting on Development Results, African Development Bank (AfDB), Volume 1, December 2012, p. i.

[9]        See Appendix 2 of this report.

[10]      African Development Bank Group, www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Integrity%20Anti-Corruption.pdf  (accessed 20 June 2013) and AfDB in Brief, May 2013, http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/
AfDB%20in%20Brief.pdf (accessed 20 June 2013).

[11]      World Bank website, 'About Us—Affiliates', http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/0,,contentMDK:20040612~menuPK:41694~pagePK:43912~piPK:44037~theSitePK:29708,00.html
(accessed 19 June 2013) and Commonwealth of Australia, Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 333.

[12]      World Bank website, 'About Us—Affiliates', http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/0,,contentMDK:20040612~menuPK:41694~pagePK:43912~piPK:44037~theSitePK:29708,00.html
(accessed 19 June 2013) and Commonwealth of Australia, Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 333.

[13]      See for example, House of Commons, International Development Committee, DFID and the African Development Bank, Seventh Report of Session 2007–08, Volume 1, 8 May 2008, p. 5.

[14]      African Development Bank Group, AfDB in Brief, May 2013, p. 9, http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/
AfDB%20in%20Brief.pdf (accessed 20 June 2013).

[15]      African Development Bank, AfDB in Brief, May 2013, p. 7, http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/
AfDB%20in%20Brief.pdf (accessed 20 June 2013).

[16]      African Development Bank Group, Annual Report 2012, p. v. South Sudan very recently became the latest member. See African Development Bank Group, 'Member countries', http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/members/ (accessed 9 August 2013). The non-regional member countries are: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States of America. The United Arab Emirates is a member of the ADF only. See also, AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, p. 55 and Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network, Assessment of Organisational Effectiveness and Reporting on Development Results, African Development Bank (AfDB), Volume 1, December 2012, p. 2.

[17]      President Donald Kaberuka, Opening remarks, Opening Session of the Second
ADF 13 Replenishment Meeting, 12 June 2013, http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/opening-session-of-the-second-adf-13-replenishment-meeting-opening-remarks-by-the-afdb-president-donald-kaberuka-12025/ (accessed 18 July 2013).

[18]      The Treasury and AusAID, Submission 2, p. 2 and the Development Policy Centre, Australian National University, Submission 5, p. 14.

[19]      Submission 5, p. 14.

[20]      Minister for Foreign Affairs, Senator the Hon Bob Carr, '2012–13 International Development Assistance Budget', Media release, 8 May 2012.

[21]      Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP and the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Senator the Hon Bob Carr, 'Australia to pursue membership of the African Development Bank to help overcome poverty', Joint media release, 17 July 2012, http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2012/bc_mr_120717b.html (accessed 16 July 2013).

[22]      Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP and the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Senator the Hon Bob Carr, 'Australia to pursue membership of the African Development Bank to help overcome poverty', Joint media release, 17 July 2012, http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2012/bc_mr_120717b.html (accessed 16 July 2013).

[23]      Australian Treaty National Interest Analysis [2012] ATNIA 23, paragraphs 1 and 2.

[24]      Australian Treaty National Interest Analysis [2012] ATNIA 23, paragraphs 3 and 4.

[25]      Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Committee Hansard, 26 November 2012, p. 4.

Chapter 2 - Purpose and provisions of the bill

[1]        African Development Bank Bill 2013, Explanatory Memorandum, (Explanatory Memorandum), General outline and financial impact, p. 3.

[2]        IMF website, 'Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)', www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/sdr.htm (accessed 20 June 2013).

[3]        IMF website, 'Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)', www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/sdr.htm (accessed 20 June 2013).

[4]        Explanatory Memorandum, paragraph 1.11.

[5]        Explanatory Memorandum, paragraph 1.10.

[6]        Agreement Establishing the African Development Bank as amended , (Khartoum,
4 August 1963), Article 3; African Development Bank Group, AfDB in Brief, May 2013, p. 9, http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/AfDB%20in%20
Brief.pdf (accessed 20 June 2013).

[7]        Explanatory Memorandum, paragraph 1.12.

[8]        Explanatory Memorandum, paragraph 1.12.

[9]        The bill, clause 8.

[10]      Explanatory Memorandum, paragraph 1.15.

[11]      Explanatory Memorandum, paragraphs 2.8–2.10.

[12]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights, Examination of legislation in accordance with the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011, Bills introduced
27 May–6 June 2013, Eighth Report of 2013, June 2013, p. 69.

Chapter 3 - Membership—costs

[1]        Commonwealth of Australia, Budget, Budget Measures, Budget Paper No. 2, 2012–13, p. 162.

[2]        Commonwealth of Australia, Budget, Budget Measures, Budget Paper No. 2, 2012–13, p. 162.

[3]        Commonwealth of Australia, Budget, Budget Measures, Budget Paper No. 2, 2012–13, p. 162.

[4]        African Development Bank Group, 'Mission & Objective', http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/mission-objective/ (accessed 17 July 2013).

[5]        See Joel Negin and Glenn Denning, Study of Australia's approach to aid in Africa, Final Report, commissioned study as part of the Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, 21 February 2011, p. 31.

[6]        AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and the African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 22.

[7]        Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Committee Hansard, 26 November 2012, p. 5.
The percentages change slightly over time. See African Development Bank, 'Distribution of voting power by executive director; statement of voting power as at 31 March 2013.

[8]        Mr Ripoll, House of Representatives Hansard, 30 May 2013, p. 4530.

[9]        Commonwealth of Australia, Budget, Budget Measures, Budget Paper No. 2, 2013–14, p.160. The Budget Papers estimated the value at $88.2 million.

[10]      African Development Bank, 'Frequently asked Questions on ADF', answer to question no. 4, http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/FAQS%20on%20ADF%20Eng%20_2_.pdf (accessed 16 July 2013).

[11]      African Development Bank Group, The Sixth General Increase in the Capital Resources of the African Development Bank: Issues and Framework, 25 March 2009, paragraph 6.1.

[12]      African Development Bank Group, The Sixth General Increase in the Capital Resources of the African Development Bank: Issues and Framework, 25 March 2009, paragraph 4.1 and African Development Bank Group website, 'The GCI Q&A', http://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/topics/capital-increase/the-gci-qa/ (accessed 17 July 2013).

[13]      African Development Bank Group, The Sixth General Increase in the Capital Resources of the African Development Bank: Issues and Framework, 25 March 2009, paragraph 1.2.

[14]      African Development Bank Group, The Sixth General Increase in the Capital Resources of the African Development Bank: Issues and Framework, 25 March 2009, paragraph 6.1.

[15]      Australian Treaty National Interest Analysis [2012] ATNIA 23, paragraph 35.

[16]      Answer to question on notice no. 2 at Appendix 2.

[17]      Australian Treaty National Interest Analysis [2012] ATNIA 23, paragraph 36; Explanatory Memorandum, General outline and financial impact, p. 3 and the Treasury and AusAID, Submission 2, p. 10.

[18]      Submission 2, p. 10.

[19]      Submission 2, p. 10.

[20]      Australian Treaty National Interest Analysis [2012] ATNIA 23, paragraph 36. See also answer to questions taken on notice, question no. 1 at Appendix 2.

[21]      Submission 2, p. 10; Explanatory Memorandum, General outline and financial impact, p. 3. See also answer to questions taken on notice no. 1 at Appendix 2.

[22]      African Development Bank Group, 'African Development Fund (ADF)', http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/african-development-fund-adf/ (accessed 17 July 2013).

[23]      African Development Fund, ADF Long-Term Financial Sustainability and Capacity, Discussion Paper, ADF-12 Mid-Term Review, September 2012, Praia, Cape Verde, paragraph 1.1.

[24]      African Development Bank Group, 'African Development Fund (ADF)', http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/african-development-fund-adf/ (accessed 17 July 2013).

[25]      Explanatory Memorandum, General outline and financial impact, p. 3.

[26]      Commonwealth of Australia, Budget, Budget Measures, Budget Paper No. 2, 2013–14, p.161.

[27]      AfDB, 'Frequently asked Questions on ADF', answer to question 2, http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/FAQS%20on%20ADF%20Eng%20_2_.pdf (accessed 16 July 2013).

[28]      AfDB, 'Frequently asked Questions on ADF', answer to question 2, http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/FAQS%20on%20ADF%20Eng%20_2_.pdf (accessed 16 July 2013).

[29]      AfDB, 'Frequently asked Questions on ADF', answer to question 2, http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/FAQS%20on%20ADF%20Eng%20_2_.pdf (accessed 16 July 2013).

[30]      African Development Bank Group, 'African Development Fund (ADF)', http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/african-development-fund-adf/ (accessed 17 July 2013).

[31]      African Development Bank Group, AfDB in Brief, May 2013, p. 11, http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/AfDB%20in%20
Brief.pdf (accessed 20 June 2013) and Outcome of the ADF-12 Replenishment Consultations, 22 October 2010.

[32]      Dr Donald Kaberuka, President, Opening remarks, Opening Session of the
Second ADF 13 Replenishment Meeting, 12 June 2013.

[33]      UK House of Commons Hansard, Debate, Overseas Development and Co-operation, 3 February 1992, vol 203, cc75–102.

[34]      Australian Treaty National Interest Analysis [2012] ATNIA 23, paragraph 34.

[35]      Australian Treaty National Interest Analysis [2012] ATNIA 23, paragraph 34.

[36]      Answer to question on notice no. 2(b) at Appendix 2 and Submission 2, p. 10.

[37]      Australian Treaty National Interest Analysis [2012] ATNIA 23, paragraph 38.

[38]      Australian Treaty National Interest Analysis [2012] ATNIA 23, paragraph 47. For additional information see AusAID's answer to question on notice no. 3 at Appendix 2.

[39]      Submission 5, pp. 23–24.

[40]      Submission 2, p. 10. See also answer to question on notice no. 4 at Appendix 2.

[41]      AusAID, Looking West: Australia's strategic approach to aid in Africa 2011–2015,
December 2010, p. 3.

[42]      AusAID, An Effective Aid Program for Australia: Making a real difference—Delivering real results, updated June 2012, p. 6.

[43]      See Table 3, 'Human Development in Africa', in African Development Bank Group, OECD Development Centre et al, African Economic Outlook 2013, pocket edition, p. 15.

[44]      African Development Bank Group, OECD Development Centre et al, African Economic Outlook 2013, pocket edition, p. 15.

[45]      AusAID, Looking West: Australia's strategic approach to aid in Africa 2011–2015,
December 2010, p. 8.

[46]      AusAID, An Effective Aid Program for Australia: Making a real difference—Delivering real results, updated June 2012, p. 1.

[47]      AusAID, Looking West: Australia's strategic approach to aid in Africa 2011–2015,
December 2010, p.  3; Africa Annual Program Report 2011, June 2012, p. 4, http://ausaid.gov.au/Publications/Documents/africa-appr-2011.pdf; and AusAID website,
Sub-Saharan Africa, http://ausaid.gov.au/countries/Sub-saharan-africa/pages/how-aid.aspx (accessed 17 July 2013).

[48]      AusAID website, 'Sub-Saharan Africa', http://ausaid.gov.au/countries/Sub-saharan-africa/pages/how-aid.aspx (accessed 17 July 2013).

[49]      AusAID, Looking West: Australia's strategic approach to aid in Africa 2011–2015,
December 2010, p. 15.

[50]      AusAID observed that individual donors are unable to resolve key development challenges, particularly those facing fragile states that are at a higher risk of conflict, economic dependence on a limited range of commodities, a narrow public revenue and patronage-based distribution of resources. AusAID, Africa Annual Program Report 2011, June 2012, p. 3, http://ausaid.gov.au/Publications/Documents/africa-appr-2011.pdf (accessed 17 July 2013). See also Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Australia's overseas development programs in Afghanistan, May 2013, (pp. 62–77) which goes into detail about the advantages of contributing to the World Bank sponsored Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund.

[51]      AusAID, An Effective Aid Program for Australia: Making a real difference—Delivering real results, p. 54. As at June 2012, the numbers of Australian staff in Sub-Saharan Africa were Ethiopia (six); Ghana (six); Kenya (14); South Africa (19) and Zimbabwe (7).  AusAID, Africa Annual Program Report 2011, June 2012, p. 5, http://ausaid.gov.au/Publications/Documents/africa-appr-2011.pdf (accessed 17 July 2013).

[52]      AusAID, Looking West: Australia's strategic approach to aid in Africa 2011–2015,
December 2010, p. 15.

[53]      AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 15.

[54]      AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 15.

[55]      Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 141.

[56]      Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, pp. 11–12.

[57]      AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, p. x.

[58]      AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, p. 58.

[59]      Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network, Assessment of Organisational Effectiveness and Reporting on Development Results, African Development Bank (AfDB), Volume 1, December 2012, p. 19.

[60]      African Development Bank Group, Annual Development Effectiveness Review 2013, p. 45.

[61]      Answer to question on notice no. 1(b) at Appendix 2.

[62]      AusAID, Looking West: Australia's strategic approach to aid in Africa 2011–2015,
December 2010, pp. 11 and 15.

[63]      AusAID, Africa Development Cooperation Report 2009, p. 5, http://ausaid.gov.au/Publications/Documents/2009-Africa-dcr.pdf (accessed 17 July 2013).

[64]      AusAID, Africa Development Cooperation Report 2009, p. 7, http://ausaid.gov.au/Publications/Documents/2009-Africa-dcr.pdf (accessed 17 July 2013).

[65]      AusAID, Annual Report 2009–2010, p. 99.

[66]      AusAID, Looking West: Australia's strategic approach to aid in Africa 2011–2015,
December 2010, p. 11.

[67]      Joel Negin and Glenn Denning, Study of Australia's approach to aid in Africa, Final Report, commissioned study as part of the Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness,
21 February 2011, p. 31.

[68]      Joel Negin and Glenn Denning, Study of Australia's approach to aid in Africa, Final Report, commissioned study as part of the Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness,
21 February 2011, p. 31.

[69]      Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, pp. 11–12.

[70]      Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 138.

[71]      Joint Committee on Treaties, Committee Hansard, 26 November 2012, p. 1.

[72]      President Donald Kaberuka, Closing statement, Closing Session of the 2013 AfDB Annual Meetings, 31 May 2013, http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/closing-session-of-the-2013-afdb-annual-meetings-closing-statement-by-the-afdb-president-donald-kaberuka-12023/ (accessed 18 July 2013).

[73]      AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 16.

[74]      Submission 5, p. 16.

[75]      Submission 5, p. 14.

[76]      See for example, Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network, Assessment of Organisational Effectiveness and Reporting on Development Results, African Development Bank (AfDB), Volume 1, December 2012, p. 87.

[77]      AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, p. 57. See also AusAID, Looking West: Australia's strategic approach to aid in Africa 2011–2015, December 2010, p. 15.

[78]      AfDB website, 'ADF Key Messages', http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/ADF%20Key%20messages%20Eng%20_2_.pdf (accessed 19 July 2013).

[79]      African Development Bank, Annual Development Effectiveness Review 2013, p. 39; AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, p. 56; and Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network, Assessment of Organisational Effectiveness and Reporting on Development Results, African Development Bank (AfDB), Volume 1, December 2012, p. 87.

[80]      Department for International Development, Multilateral Aid Review, March 2011, p. 164. See also Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 141.

[81]      Department for International Development, Multilateral Aid Review, March 2011, p. 164. See also Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 196.

[82]      Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, pp. 11–12 and 141.

[83]      AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, pp. xv and 31.

[84]      AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, p. 57.

[85]      AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, p. 58.

[86]      AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, pp. 55–56.

[87]      Australian Treaty National Interest Analysis [2012] ATNIA 23, Agreement Establishing the African Development Fund done at Abidjan on 29 November 1972, as amended [2012]
ATNIF 17 and Agreement Establishing the African Development Bank done at Khartoum on
4 August 1963, as amended [2012] ATNIF 18, paragraph 19 and Commonwealth of Australia, Budget, Budget Strategy and Outlook, Budget Paper No. 1, 2013–14, p. 33.

[88]      AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and the African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 20.

[89]      AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and the African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 21.

[90]      AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 19.

[91]      Submission 1.

[92]      See AusAID, Mining for Development in Africa, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/ame/Documents/ausaid-mining-brochure-english.pdf (accessed 15 April 2013).

[93]      For a full discussion on Australia's assistance to the African mining sector see Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Importance of the Indian Ocean rim for Australia's foreign, trade and defence policy, June 2013, chapter 8.

[94]      Submission 5, p. 16.

[95]      Submission 3, p. [1].

[96]      Submission 3, p. [1].

[97]      Submission 3, p. [5].

[98]      Submission 3, p. [5].

[99]      Submission 3, p. [2] and [5].

[100]    Submission 3, p. [6].

[101]    Submission 4, p. 2.

[102]    See Mr Robin Davies, Submission 5, p. 16.

[103]    Mr Paul Griffiths, Joint Committee on Treaties, Committee Hansard, 26 November 2012, p. 1.

[104]    AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and the African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 5.

[105]    Joint Committee on Treaties, Committee Hansard, 26 November 2012, pp. 1–2 and AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and the African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 19.

[106]    AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and the African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 5.

[107]    AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and the African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 5.

[108]    AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 19.

[109]    Joint Committee on Treaties, Committee Hansard, 26 November 2012, p. 2 and AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and the African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 21.

[110]    AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and the African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 19.

[111]    Joint Committee on Treaties, Committee Hansard, 26 November 2012, pp. 1–2 and AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and the African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 19.

Chapter 4 - Governance

[1]        African Development Bank, Distribution of voting power by executive director Statement of voting power as at 31 May 2013, http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Boards-Document7/AfDB%20Statement%20of%20Voting%20Power%20at%2031%20May%202013.pdf (accessed 18 July 2013).  

[2]        Article 29 of Agreement Establishing the African Development Bank as amended.

[3]        The Treasury and AusAID, Submission 2, p. 9.

[4]        The Treasury and AusAID, Submission 2, p. 15.

[5]        African Development Bank Group, 'Board of Governors', http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/structure/board-of-governors/ (accessed 18 July 2013).

[6]        African Development Bank Group, 'About the President', http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/structure/presidents-corner/about-the-president/ (accessed 18 July 2013).

[7]        African Development Bank Group, 'About the President', http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/structure/presidents-corner/about-the-president/ (accessed 18 July 2013).

[8]        Article 33 of Agreement Establishing the African Development Bank as amended. 

[9]        Article 34 of Agreement Establishing the African Development Bank as amended; and Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network, Assessment of Organisational Effectiveness and Reporting on Development Results, African Development Bank, Volume 1, December 2012, p. 2.

[10]      African Development Bank Group, 'About the President', http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/structure/presidents-corner/about-the-president/ (accessed 18 July 2013).

[11]      Donald Kaberuka, President, African Development Bank, Closing remarks at the non-regionals governors’ forum on the sixth general capital increase of the African Development Bank, Cape Town, 24 February 2010, paragraph 5, http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/GCI%20Closing%20Remarks_President%20Kaberuka.pdf
(accessed 18 July 2013).

[12]      Answer to question on notice, question no. 1(b), at Appendix 2.

[13]      African Development Bank Group, 'History', http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/history/
(accessed 18 July 2013).

[14]      Submission 2, p. 1.

[15]      House of Commons, International Development Committee, DFID and the African Development Bank, Seventh Report of Session 2007–08, Volume 1, 8 May 2008, p. 6.

[16]      Submission 5, p. 7.

[17]      African Development Bank Group, 'Auditor General's Office', http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/structure/auditor-generals-office/ (accessed 18 July 2013).

[18]      African Development Bank Group, 'Operations Evaluation', http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/structure/operations-evaluation/ (accessed 18 July 2013).

[19]      African Development Bank Group, 'Independent Review Mechanism (IRM)', http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/structure/independent-review-mechanism-irm/ and 'About the IRM', http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/structure/independent-review-mechanism-irm/about-the-irm/ (accessed 18 July 2013).

[20]      The Treasury and AusAID, Submission 2, p. 7.

[21]      See for example, US Department of the Treasury, Justification or Appropriations, FY 2014 Budget Request, p. 21.

[22]      IATI is a voluntary, multi-stakeholder initiative that seeks to improve the transparency of aid in order to increase its effectiveness in tackling poverty. The Initiative comprises 'donor and developing countries, civil society organisations and other experts in aid information who share the aspirations of the original IATI Accra Statement and are committed to working together to increase the transparency of aid'. See http://www.aidtransparency.net/about#sthash.JusZCEBF.dpuf  (accessed 16 July 2013).

[23]      African Development Bank Group, Annual Development Effectiveness Review 2011, pp. 41–42.

[24]      African Development Bank Group, Annual Development Effectiveness Review 2013, p. 51.

[25]      On 18 February 2006, the leaders of the African Development Bank Group, Asian Development Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, European Investment Bank Group, International Monetary Fund, Inter-American Development Bank Group and the World Bank Group agreed 'to establish a Joint International Financial Institutions Anti-Corruption Task Force to work towards a consistent and harmonized approach to combat corruption in the activities and operations of the member institutions'. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTDOII/Resources/FinalIFITaskForce
Framework&Gdlines.pdf (accessed 18 July 2013).

[26]      African Development Bank Group, Integrity and Anti-Corruption Department IACD, Integrity and Anti-Corruption Progress Report 2009-2010, pp. 9–10, http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Integrity%20and%20Anti-Corruption.pdf  (accessed 18 July 2013). See also The Treasury and AusAID, Submission 2, p. 6.

[27]      African Development Bank Group, Integrity and Anti-Corruption Department IACD, Integrity and Anti-Corruption Progress Report 2009-2010, p. 9, www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Integrity%20Anti-Corruption.pdf (accessed 18 July 2013).

[28]      African Development Bank Group, Integrity and Anti-Corruption Department IACD, Integrity and Anti-Corruption Progress Report 2009-2010, p. 11, http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Integrity%20and%20Anti-Corruption.pdf  (accessed 18 July 2013).

[29]      OECD, Stocktaking of Business Integrity and Anti-Bribery Legislation, Policies and Practices in Twenty African Countries, 2012, p. 13.

[30]      OECD, Stocktaking of Business Integrity and Anti-Bribery Legislation, Policies and Practices in Twenty African Countries, 2012, p. 25.

[31]      Submission 2, p. 6.

[32]      Department for International Development (DFID), Multilateral Aid Review, Ensuring maximum value for money for UK aid through multilateral organisations, March 2011, p. 164.

[33]      Department for International Development (DFID), Multilateral Aid Review, Ensuring maximum value for money for UK aid through multilateral organisations, March 2011, p. 58.

[34]      Department for International Development (DFID), Multilateral Aid Review, Ensuring maximum value for money for UK aid through multilateral organisations, March 2011, p. 164.

[35]      See Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, April 2011, p. 141.

[36]      AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, p. 57.

[37]      AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, pp. 57–58.

[38]      AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, p. 57.

[39]      AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, p. 59.

[40]      International Aid Transparency Initiative, 'African Development Bank publishes to IATI', http://www.aidtransparency.net/news/african-development-bank-publishes-to-iati
(accessed 16 July 2013).

[41]      International Aid Transparency Initiative, , 'African Development Bank publishes to IATI', http://www.aidtransparency.net/news/african-development-bank-publishes-to-iati
(accessed 16 July 2013).

[42]      AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, p. 59.

[43]      AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, p. 59 and Agreement for Mutual Enforcement of Debarment Decisions Among Multilateral Development Banks, http://crossdebarment.org/oai001p.nsf  (accessed 16 July 2013).

[44]      AusAID, Australian Multilateral Assessment, March 2012, p. 59.

[45]      Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network, Assessment of Organisational Effectiveness and Reporting on Development Results, African Development Bank, Volume 1, December 2012, p. 5.

[46]      Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network, Assessment of Organisational Effectiveness and Reporting on Development Results, African Development Bank, Volume 1, December 2012, p. 19.

[47]      Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network, Assessment of Organisational Effectiveness and Reporting on Development Results, African Development Bank, Volume 1, December 2012, p. 35.

[48]      Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network, Assessment of Organisational Effectiveness and Reporting on Development Results, African Development Bank, Volume 1, December 2012, p. 40.

[49]      Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network, Assessment of Organisational Effectiveness and Reporting on Development Results, African Development Bank, Volume 1, December 2012, pp. xiii and 88.

[50]      Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network, Assessment of Organisational Effectiveness and Reporting on Development Results, African Development Bank, Volume 1, December 2012, p. x.

[51]      Submission 5, pp. 8–9.

[52]      Submission 5, p. 11.

[53]      Submission 5, p. 11.

[54]      See also Joel Negin and Glenn Denning, Study of Australia's approach to aid in Africa, commissioned study as part of the Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness, Final Report, 21 February 2011, p. 31.

[55]      Submission 2, p. 7.

[56]      UK House of Commons Hansard, Debate, Overseas Development and Co-operation, 3 February 1992, vol 203, cc75–102.

[57]      Outcome of the ADF-12 Replenishment Consultations, 22 October 2010.

[58]      AfDB, 'Frequently asked Questions on ADF', answer to question 3, http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/FAQS%20on%20ADF%20Eng%20_2_.pdf (accessed 16 July 2013).

[59]      Canadian International Development Agency, African and Asian Development Funds: A case Study of Policy Dialogue, 2009.

[60]      According to the US Department of the Treasury, Justification or Appropriations, FY 2014 Budget Request, p. 20, US contributions to the sixth General Capital Increase 'helped the Bank to nearly triple its lending from an average of $1.8 billion' before the increase to over $5 billion annually by 2011. See US Department of the Treasury, Justification or Appropriations, FY 2014 Budget Request, p. 20.

[61]      US Department of the Treasury, Justification or Appropriations, FY 2014 Budget Request, p. 20.

[62]      Submission 5, p. 11.

[63]      AusAID, Proposal for Australia to Pursue Membership of the African Development Bank and the African Development Fund, Consultation Paper, July 2012, p. 20. See also the Treasury and AusAID, Submission 2, p. 3.

[64]      In its response to question on notice no 6, AusAID explained further 'through the Board of Directors, which has 20 directorships that represent the Bank’s (currently) 78 member countries through constituencies, and guides the Bank’s policies, projects, and programs. Relevant factors in negotiating to join a particular constituency are shareholding sizes, access to executive positions and consistent development priorities'. See Appendix 2.

[65]      Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Committee Hansard, 26 November 2012, p. 4.

[66]      Answer to question on notice no 6 at Appendix 2.

[67]      Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Committee Hansard, 26 November 2012, p. 5. See also answer to question on notice no. 6 Appendix 2.

[68]      Submission 5, p. 18.

[69]      Submission 5, p. 21.

[70]      Answer to question on notice no. 8 at Appendix 2.

[71]      Answer to question on notice no. 8 at Appendix 2.

Additional Comments

[1] AllianceSud. Swiss Alliance of Development Organisations. Regional development banks – the great unknowns. 16/12/2010. http://alliancesud.ch/en/policy/finances/regional-development-banks/?searchterm=african%20development%20bank

[2]AusAID. Sub-Saharan Africa. Aust Govt. http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/sub-saharan-africa/Pages/default.aspx

[3] Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Committee Inquiry. African Development Bank Bill 2013 [Provisions]. Report

[4] Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Committee Inquiry. African Development Bank Bill 2013 [Provisions]. The Treasury and AusAid combined Submission.

[5] African Development Bank Group. Disclosure and Access to Information, Background. http://www.afdb.org/en/disclosure-and-access-to-information/background/

[6] African Development Bank Group. About the ADF. http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/african-development-fund-adf/about-the-adf/

[7] African Development Bank Group 2012 Annual Report: http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Annual%20Report%202012.pdf

[8] ibid

[9] Cernea, M. Safeguard Social Policies in Africa: A Continent-Wide Public Debate. 31/3/2012. The Brookings Institute. http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/03/31-africa-development-cernea. AfDB response at: http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/Response%20to%20Cernea%20Brookings%20on%20safeguard%20policies%20-%20DS%20reviewed.pdf

[10] Carrasco, E et al. Global Money, the Good Life and You. The University of Iowa Center for International Finance and Development E-Book. Part 4-III: Regional Development Banks. 2009 (E-Book). http://blogs.law.uiowa.edu/ebook/uicifd-ebook/part-iv-iii-regional-development-banks

[11] ibid

[12] ibid

[13] AllianceSud. Op cit.

[14] Forest People’s Programme, African Development Bank set to introduce Indigenous Peoples standards for the first time. 29/4/2013. http://www.forestpeoples.org/topics/african-development-bank-afdb/news/2013/04/african-development-bank-set-introduce-indigenous-

[15] Ndobe, S et al. Indigenous Peoples of Africa Co-ordinating Committee. Why a stand-alone Indigenous peoples Policy within the African Development Bank's Intergrated Safeguards System. June 2012. http://www.coalitionafdb.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Why-A-Standalone-IP-Policy-in-AfDBs-ISS.pdf