Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        The Australian Crime Commission Act 2002 may be accessed at: http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/acca2002289/ (website viewed 28 November 2006).

[2]        The inquiry's terms of reference may be accessed at: http://www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/acc_ctte/aosd/tor.htm (website viewed 28 November 2006).

Chapter 2 - Amphetamines and other synthetic drugs in Australia

[1]        United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2: Statistics, United Nations Publications Sales, No. E.04.XI.16, Vienna, Austria, p. 398.

[2]        Department of Health and Ageing, Submission 16, p. 2.

[3]        Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 2.

[4]        Department of Health and Ageing, Submission 16, p. 2.

[5]        The common or street name for MDMA, 'ecstasy', is not used in this report. See the discussion on terminology at 4.30.

[6]        Australian Customs Service, Submission 5, p. 2.

[7]        Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Submission 3, p. 1.

[8]        Australian Federal Police, Submission 6, p. 2.

[9]        Ketamine is ketamine hydrochloride and is used primarily for veterinary anaesthesia. GHB is gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Also known as 'grievous bodily harm', it is often referred to as a date-rape drug because it can be used to spike a person's drink in order to render them vulnerable to sexual predators. Appendix 5 provides further information on this drug.

[10]      ACC, Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, p. 10. Appendix 5 contains a summary of terms, drugs and methods of use.

[11]      In its 2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, in recognition of the change in chemical composition from amphetamine to methamphetamine, substituted the term 'methamphetamine/amphetamine (speed)' for the term 'amphetamine', which had been used in previous surveys. The new term was defined as including drugs with the common or street names of crystal, whiz, goey, gogo, zip, uppers, ice, amphet, meth, ox blood, leopard's blood, MDEA, methylamphetamine, eve and shabu.

[12]      National Drug and Alcohol Research Council, Submission 13, p. 1.

[13]      Submission 13, pp 6-7.

[14]      Families and Friends for Drug Law Reform, Submission 19, p. 10.

[15]      National Drug and Alcohol Research Council, Submission 13, p. 3.

[16]      ACC, Submission 18, p. 2.

[17]      The common or street name for MDMA, 'ecstasy', is not used in this report. See the discussion on terminology at 4.30.

[18]      ACC, Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, p. 24.

[19]      See Appendix 5 for details of chemical composition and common names.

[20]      See Appendix 5.

[21]      The Australia Institute, Submission 24, p. 5.

[22]      Committee Hansard, 4 May 2006, p. 21.

[23]      Alcohol and other Drugs Council of Australia, Submission 7, p. 2.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2006, pp 26-27.

[25]      Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, p. 33.

[26]      Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, p. 33; and Submission 3A, p. 2.

[27]      G Fowler, S Kinner and L Krenske, Containing ecstasy: analytical tools for profiling an illegal drug market, 2006, pp 7-8.

[28]      ACC, Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, p. 29.

[29]      Department of Health and Ageing, Submission 16, p. 1.

[30]      Department of Health and Ageing, Submission 16, p. 1. Source: McKetin, McLaren, Kelly, Hall and Hickman, Estimating the Number of Regular Dependent Methamphetamine Users in Australia, Technical Report No. 230.

[31]      Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, p. 59.

[32]      Figures have been rounded to the nearest percentage point.

[33]      Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, p. 60.

[34]      2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, p. 60.

[35]      2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, p. 61.

[36]      2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, p. 61.

[37]      2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, pp 61-62.

[38]      2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, p. 62.

[39]      2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, p. 64.

[40]      Figures have been rounded to the nearest percentage point.

[41]      2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, pp 64-65.

[42]      2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, p. 65.

[43]      2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, pp 65-66.

[44]      2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, p. 66.

[45]      2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, p. 67.

[46]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2006, p. 3. MDMA-related deaths are relatively rare. Between 2001 and 2004 there were 11 MDMA-related deaths in Australia, five in which MDMA made a 'primary contribution' and six where MDMA was the only drug present. Source: 'Containing Ecstasy: profiling the ecstasy market in Queensland,' 2006, PowerPoint presentation, p. 15.

[47]      See, for example, ACC, Submission 18, p. 3; and New South Wales Crime Commission, Submission 9A, p. 1.

[48]      Various types of population survey and other data collection methods are used. Although methods used by the five countries are broadly consistent, comparisons should be treated with caution [see 2.38].

[49]      Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Statistics on drug use in Australia 2004, Table 6.5, p. 36. Statistics derived from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2004. The figures in this table may vary slightly from NDSHS results because they are adjusted for the different age cohort (the UNODC uses ages 15 to 64, while the NDSHS uses age 14 and over).

[50]      Department of Health and Ageing, Submission 16, p. 2.

[51]      ACC, Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, p. 11.

[52]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2006, pp 29-30.

[53]      Australian National Council on Drugs, Methamphetamine, p. 4.

[54]      For example: Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, Submission 12; Family and Friends for Drug Law Reform, Submissions 19 and 19A; National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Submission 22; The Hack, Submission 28.

[55]      Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence, Australian Illicit Drug Report 1999-2000, Canberra, March 2001, p. 55.

[56]      ACC, Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, p. 10.

[57]      Families and Friends for Drug Law Reform, Submission 19, p. 2.

[58]      ACC, Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, p. 25.

[59]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 6, p. 4.

[60]      ACC, Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, p. 27.

[61]      National Drug and Alcohol Research Council, Submission 13, p. 5.

[62]      ACC, Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, p. 29.

[63]      A very large clandestine laboratory producing ice was detected in northern NSW in April. See Amanda Hodge, 'Super lab for meth 'tip of iceberg'', Weekend Australian, 8 April 2006, p. 4.

[64]      Committee Hansard, 16 May 2006, p. 27.

[65]      Submission 13, p. 3. The submission from the New South Wales Crime Commission noted that the relatively simple hypophosphorous method is most commonly used in Australia, while in the USA most clandestine laboratories use the Nazi method, which is more dangerous and prone to explosion: Submission 9A, p. 4.

[66]      ACC, Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, p. 18.

[67]      National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Submission 13, p. 21.

[68]      ACC, Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, p. 18.

[69]      Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, p. 18. The New South Wales Crime Commission noted that 17,170 clandestine laboratories were detected in the USA in 2004: Submission 9A, p. 2.

[70]      Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, p. 18.

[71]      Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, p. 18.

[72]      Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, pp 15-16.

[73]      ACC, Submission 18, p. 3.

[74]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 5.

[75]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 6.

[76]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2006, pp 56-57.

[77]      New South Wales Crime Commission, Submission 9A, p. 4.

[78]      Committee Hansard, 4 May 2006, p. 5.

[79]      New South Wales Crime Commission, Submission 9A, pp 4-5.

[80]      ACC, Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, p. 29.

[81]      Alcohol and other Drugs Council of Australia, Submission 7, p. 3.

[82]      Families and Friends for Drug Law Reform, Submission 19, p. 34 (footnotes omitted).

[83]      Jennifer Stafford, Louisa Degenhardt, Maria Agaliotis, Francoise Chanteloup, Jane Fischer, Allison Matthews, Jacyln Newman, Phoebe Proudfoot, Mark Stoové & Josephine Weekley, Australian trends in ecstasy and related drug markets 2004: findings from the Party Drugs Initiative (PDI), NDARC monograph No. 57, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, 2005.p. 55-58.

[84]      Families and Friends for Drug Law Reform, Submission 19, p. 34 (footnotes omitted).

[85]      Submission 19, p. 34.

[86]      VIVAIDS and Ravesafe, Submission 32, p. 6.

[87]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2006, p. 6.

[88]      Australian Customs Service, Submission 5, p. 3.

[89]      Queensland Crime and Misconduct Commission, Submission 17, p. 3.

[90]      Submission 17, p. 3.

[91]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 3.

[92]      Queensland Crime and Misconduct Commission, Submission 17, p. 3.

[93]      Committee Hansard, 3 May 2006, p. 15.

[94]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 95.

[95]      See for example: New South Wales Crime Commission, Submission 9A, p. 1.

[96]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 5.

[97]      New South Wales Crime Commission, Submission 9A, p. 1.

[98]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 99.

[99]      ACC, Submission 18, p. 7.

Chapter 3 - The national policy framework

[1]        United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2004 World Drug Report, United Nations Publications, Vienna, 2004.

[2]        Sunday Telegraph, 22 October 2006, p. 83.

[3]        The Australian, 12 October 2006, p. 12.

[4]        ABC, 'The Ice Age', Four Corners, 23 March 2006.

[5]        Channel 9, 'Ice', Sixty Minutes, 9 July 2006.

[6]        'The Ice Epidemic', Sixty Minutes, 10 September 2006.

[7]        Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, Submission 12, p. 7.

[8]        Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy, The National Drug Strategy: Australia's integrated framework 2004-2009, p. 2.

[9]        The National Drug Strategy website, http://www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au/internet/drugstrategy/publishing.nsf/Content/978CCA3285B6CA42CA25717D000297A4/$File/framework0409.pdf, viewed 7 November 2006.

[10]      Attorney-General's Department, Submission 15, p. 1.

[11]      Submission 15, p. 7.

[12]      Committee Hansard, 19 June 2006, p. 5.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 19 June 2006, p. 5.

[14]      Department of Health and Ageing, Submission 16, p. 2.

[15]      National Drug Strategy website, http://www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au/internet/drugstrategy/publishing.nsf/Content/igcd-lp, viewed 17 October 2006.

[16]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 6, p. 3.

[17]      Australian National Council on Drugs, Methamphetamines, 31 January 2007.

[18]      Australian National Council on Drugs website, http://www.ancd.org.au/about/ndsf.htm, viewed 17 October 2006.

[19]      Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, Submission 12, p. 1.

[20]      Mr Andrew Stuart, First Assistant Secretary, Population Health Division, Department of Health and Ageing, Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 48.

[21]      Australasian Amphetamines Conference, Darling Harbour, 28-29 September 2006.

[22]      Mr Mark Cooper-Stanbury, Head, Population Health Unit, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 2.

[23]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 2.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 63.

Chapter 4 - Demand and harm reduction under the National Drug Strategy

[1]        Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, Submission 12, p. 5.

[2]        Committee Hansard, 3 May 2006, p. 21.

[3]        Department of Health and Ageing website, http://www.drugs.health.gov.au/internet/drugs/publishing.nsf/Content/media-campaign, viewed 8 February 2007.

[4]        Department of Health and Ageing, Submission 16, p. 3.

[5]        Submission 16A, p. 20.

[6]        Submission 16A, p. 3.

[7]        Matt Price, 'Ice ads will rely on scare tactics', Weekend Australian, 28 October 2006, p. 3.

[8]        Corrinne, ABC Triple J, The Hack, Submission 28, p. 46.

[9]        Clara, ABC Triple J, The Hack, Submission 28, p. 59.

[10]      Alison, ABC Triple J, The Hack, Submission 28, p. 37.

[11]      Department of Health and Ageing, Submission 16A, p. 20.

[12]      Mr Michael Lodge, New South Wales Users and AIDS Association Inc., Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 71.

[13]      Family and Friends for Drug Law Reform, Submission 19A, p. 2.

[14]      Jonathon, ABC Triple J, The Hack, Submission 28, p. 20.

[15]      Name not supplied, ABC Triple J, The Hack, Submission 28, p. 36.

[16]      Carly, ABC Triple J, The Hack, Submission 28, p. 24.

[17]      Lauren, ABC Triple J, The Hack, Submission 28, p. 9.

[18]      Dr Susan Carruthers, National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Committee Hansard, 4 May, p. 23.

[19]      Alcohol and other Drugs Council of Australia, Submission 7, p. 1.

[20]      Family and Friends for Drug Law Reform, Submission 19A, p. 3.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 4 May, p. 24.

[22]      VIVAIDS, Submission 32, p. 3.

[23]      Name supplied, ABC Triple J, The Hack, Submission 28, p. 21.

[24]      VIVAIDS, Submission 32, p. 3.

[25]      Alcohol and other Drugs Council of Australia, Submission 7, p. 5.

[26]      Paola Totaro, Sydney Morning Herald, 1 December 2005, p. 8.

[27]      Catherine Munro, Sun Herald, 5 March 2006, p. 4.

[28]      Xavier La Canna, Canberra Times, 8 April 2006, p. 18.

[29]      Angela Kamper, Daily Telegraph, 16 May 2006, p. 4.

[30]      Bluelight, Submission 29, p. 12.

[31]      Mr Andrew Swindells, Submission 30, p. 17.

[32]      Angela Kamper, Daily Telegraph, 16 May 2006, p. 4.

[33]      Name withheld, Submission 25, p. 1.

[34]      Ms Karen Price, Department of Health and Ageing, Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 57.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 49.

[36]      For example: Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, Submission 12; Family and Friends for Drug Law Reform, Submissions 19 and 19A; National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Submission 22; The Hack, Submission 28.

[37]      Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence, Australian Illicit Drug Report 1999-2000, Canberra, March 2001, p. 55.

[38]      National Drug and Health Research Institute, Submission 10, pp 4-5.

[39]      Department of Health and Ageing, Submission 16, p. 1.

[40]      Rebecca McKetin, Jennifer McLaren and Erin Kelly, 'The Sydney methamphetamine market: patterns of supply, use, personal harms and social consequences', NDLERF Monograph Series no. 13.

[41]      Family and Friends for Drug Law Reform, Submission 19, p. 46.

[42]      Submission 19, p. 46 (footnotes omitted).

[43]      Australian National Council on Drugs, Methamphetamine, p. 4.

[44]      Methamphetamine, p. 5.

[45]      'Methamphetamines and Injury', address to the Australasian Amphetamines Conference, 29 September 2006.

[46]      Family and Friends for Drug Law Reform Submission 19, p. 46 (footnotes omitted).

[47]      Submission 19, p. 47 (footnotes omitted).

[48]      Australian National Council on Drugs, Methamphetamines, p. 4.

[49]      Methamphetamines, p. 4.

[50]      Methamphetamines, p. 5.(footnotes omitted)

[51]      Methamphetamines, p. 5 (footnotes omitted).

[52]      Methamphetamines, p. 5.

[53]      Alcohol and other Drugs Council of Australia, Submission 7, p. 4.

[54]      Committee Hansard, 3 May 2006, p. 26.

[55]      Alcohol and other Drugs Council of Australia, Submission 7, p. 5 (footnotes omitted).

[56]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 50.

[57]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 16.

[58]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 16.

[59]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 13.

[60]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 32.

[61]      Committee Hansard, 3 May 2006, p. 27.

[62]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 34.

[63]      Committee Hansard, 3 May 2006.

[64]      Committee Hansard, 3 May 2006, pp 24-25.

[65]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 23.

[66]      Department of Health and Ageing, Submission 16, p. 4.

[67]      Submission 16A, p. 33.

[68]      Submission 16A, p. 33.

[69]      Submission 16A, p. 33.

[70]      Victoria Police website, http://www.police.vic.gov.au/content.asp?Document_ID=5059, viewed 23 November 2006.

[71]      Divert website, South Australian Police Drug Diversion Initiative, http://www.divert.sa.edu.au/, viewed 23 November, 2006.

[72]      Lawlink New South Wales website, http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/drugcrt/drugcrt.nsf/pages/drugcrt2, viewed 15 November 2006.

[73]      Lawlink New South Wales website, http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/drugcrt/drugcrt.nsf/pages/drugcrt2, viewed 15 November 2006. The Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research evaluation can be found at www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/bocsar.

[74]      Department of Health and Ageing, Submission 16, p. 33.

[75]      Submission 16A, p. 34.

[76]      Submission 16A, p. 34.

[77]      The Australia Institute, Submission 24, p. 13.

[78]      Anex, Submission 31, p. 3.

[79]      The Hon. Dr John Herron, speech to National Press Club, 31 January 2007, p. 9.

Chapter 5 - The national law enforcement environment: agencies, strategies and legislative initiatives

[1]        National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, Developing and implementing a performance measurement framework for drug law enforcement in Australia, Monograph Series No. 18, 2006, p. 9.

[2]        Australian Customs Service, Submission 5, p. 3.

[3]        Submission 5, p. 2.

[4]        ACC website, http://www.crimecommission.gov.au/content/about/ACC_PROFILE.pdf, viewed 18 November 2006.

[5]        ACC, Submission 18, p. 9.

[6]        Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 85.

[7]        ACC, Australian Crime Commission Annual Report 2004-05, p. 10.

[8]        Submission 18, p. 10.

[9]        Submission 18, p. 8.

[10]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 86.

[11]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 86.

[12]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 85.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 87.

[14]      New South Wales Police, Submission 9B, p. 7.

[15]      ACC, Submission 18, p. 11.

[16]      Submission 18, p. 9.

[17]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Crime Commission, Review of the Australian Crime Commission Act 2002, p. 20.

[18]      ACC, Submission 18, p. 5.

[19]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 87.

[20]      ACC, Submission 18, p. 6.

[21]      Submission 18, p. 7.

[22]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 2, p. 2.

[23]      Submission 6, p. 1.

[24]      Submission 6, pp 1-2.

[25]      Australian Customs Service website, http://www.customs.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=4238, viewed 15 November 2006.

[26]      Australian Customs Service, Submission 5, p. 2.

[27]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 6, p. 5.

[28]      Australian Federal Police website, http://www.afp.gov.au/national/drug_trafficking/drug_intelligence, viewed 20 November 2006.

[29]      Australian Customs Service website, http://www.customs.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=4238, viewed 15 November 2006.

[30]      New South Wales Crime Commission, Submission 9A, p .4.

[31]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 6, p. 5.

[32]      New South Wales Crime Commission, Submission 9A p. 4.

[33]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 9.

[34]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 6, p. 6.

[35]      Submission 6, p. 6; Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 74.

[36]      Submission 6, p. 6.

[37]      ACC, Australian Crime Commission Annual Report 2004-05, p. 36.

[38]      Australian Customs Service, Submission 5, p. 7.

[39]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 9.

[40]      Dr Andreas Schloenhardt, University of Queensland, Submission 21, p. 10.

[41]      Submission 21, p. 10.

[42]      Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions, Submission 11, p. 1.

[43]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 6, pp 7-8.

[44]      Australian Customs Service, Submission 5, p. 10.

[45]      Explanatory memorandum, Law and Justice Legislation (Serious Drug Offences and Other Measures) Amendment Bill 2005 (Cth), p. 2.

[46]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 6, p. 8.

[47]      A penalty unit is presently $110.00.

[48]      Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions, Submission 11, p. 2.

[49]      Submission 11, p. 3.

[50]      Submission 11, pp 2-3.

[51]      Submission 11, p. 3.

[52]      Submission 11, pp 4-5; Attorney-General's Department, Submission 15, p. 5.

[53]      Submission 11, p. 5.

[54]      Submission 11, p. 6.

[55]      University of Queensland, Submission 21, pp 10-11

[56]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 6, p.8.

[57]      Committee Hansard, 19 June 2006, p. 17.

[58]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 6, p. 7.

[59]      Attorney-General's Department, Submission 15, p. 6.

[60]      ACC, Submission 18, p. 10.

[61]      University of Queensland, Submission 21, p. 13.

[62]      Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions, Submission 11, p. 1.

[63]      Name withheld, Submission 25, p. 2.

[64]      Australia Institute, Submission 24, p. 9.

[65]      Committee Hansard, 5 June, 2006, p. 18.

[66]      Committee Hansard, 5 June, 2006, p. 17.

[67]      University of Queensland, Submission 21, p. 13.

[68]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2006, p. 21.

[69]      ACC, Submission 18, p. 12.

[70]      Jennifer Norberry, Bills Digest for the Law and Justice Legislation Amendment (Serious Drug Offences and Other Measures) Bill 2005 (Cth), pp 3-4.

[71]      Bills Digest for the Law and Justice Legislation Amendment (Serious Drug Offences and Other Measures) Bill 2005 (Cth), pp 3-4.

[72]      Committee Hansard, 4 May 2006, p. 4.

[73]      Committee Hansard, 3 May 2006, p. 5.

[74]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2006, p. 20.

[75]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2006, p. 20.

[76]      University of Queensland, Submission 21, p. 13.

[77]      University of Queensland, Submission 21, p. 13.

[78]      Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, Submission 12, p. 7.

[79]      Mr Craig Anthony Harris, Assistant Secretary, National Law Enforcement Policy Branch, Criminal Justice Division, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 19 June 2006, p.16.

[80]      Dr Andreas Schloenhardt, University of Queensland, Submission 21, p. 5.

[81]      Submission 21, p. 6.

[82]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 6, p. 6.

[83]      Submission 6, p. 6.

[84]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 73.

[85]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 6, p. 8.

[86]      Explanatory memorandum, Law and Justice Legislation Amendment (Serious Drug Offences And Other Measures) Bill 2005, p. 120.

[87]      Explanatory memorandum, Law and Justice Legislation Amendment (Serious Drug Offences And Other Measures) Bill 2005, p. 120.

[88]      Australian Customs Service, Submission 5, p. 10.

Chapter 6 - Supply reduction: the adequacy of the response

[1]        Western Australia Police, Submission 1, p. 1.

[2]        Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, Submission 12, p. 5.

[3]        Committee Hansard, 15 May 2006, p. 75.

[4]        Australian National Council on Drugs, Methamphetamines, p. 7; also see: National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, Developing and implementing a performance measurement framework for drug law enforcement in Australia, Monograph Series No. 18, 2006.

[5]        Australian Federal Police, Submission 6, p. 4.

[6]        Submission 6, p. 5.

[7]        Submission 6, pp 3-4; Australian Customs Service, Submission 5, p. 7.

[8]        Attorney-General's Department, Submission 15, p. 4.

[9]        Submission 15, p. 4.

[10]      Pharmacy Guild of Australia, Submission 26, p. 5.

[11]      Submission 26, p. 6.

[12]      Substances are classified in a schedule to the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons, and its amendments contain the decisions of the National Drugs and Poisons Schedule Committee regarding the classification of drugs and poisons into schedules for inclusion in the relevant legislation of the states and territories. Schedule 3 drugs are preparations that require professional advice on use, which should be available to the public from a pharmacist without a prescription. National Poisons and Drugs Schedule Committee website, http://www.tga.gov.au/ndpsc/gazette/g980800.htm, viewed 30 November 2006.

[13]      Pharmacy Guild of Australia, Submission 26, p. 10.

[14]      Submission 26, p. 10.

[15]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 22.

[16]      Pharmacy Guild of Australia, Submission 26, p. 9.

[17]      Submission 26, p. 9.

[18]      'Law and Order', session 2, Australasian Amphetamines Conference, 28 September 2006.

[19]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 24.

[20]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 24.

[21]      Pharmacy Guild of Australia, Submission 26, p. 9.

[22]      Submission 26, p. 10.

[23]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 24.

[24]      Pharmacy Guild of Australia, Submission 26, p. 9.

[25]      Attorney-General's Department website, http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/justiceministerHome.nsf/Page/Media_Releases_2006_4th_Quarter_16_November_2006_-_Progress_in_fight_against_amphetamine_drug_trafficking, viewed 20 November 2006.

[26]      ACC, Submission 18, p. 12.

[27]      New South Wales Crime Commission, Submission 9A, p. 5.

[28]      ACC, Submission 18, p. 12.

[29]      New South Wales Crime Commission, Submission 9A, p. 5.

[30]      Attorney-General's Department website, http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/justiceministerHome.nsf/Page/Media_Releases_2006_4th_Quarter_16_November_2006_-_Progress_in_fight_against_amphetamine_drug_trafficking, viewed 20 November 2006.

[31]      Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, Submission 12, p. 7.

[32]      ACC, Submission 18, p. 13.

[33]      Department of Premier and Cabinet, Queensland Government, Submission 20, p. 4.

[34]      Legislative measures are discussed in chapter 5.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 85.

[36]      West Australian Police, Submission 1, p. 2.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 83.

[38]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 5.

[39]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 5.

[40]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 73.

[41]      Committee Hansard, 13 October 2006, p. 4.

[42]      National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, Developing and implementing a performance measurement framework for drug law enforcement in Australia, Monograph Series No. 18, 2006, p. vii.

[43]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 6, p. 7.

[44]      Submission 6, p. 7.

[45]      Submission 6, p. 7.

[46]      Submission 6, p. 7; Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p.75.

[47]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 75.

[48]      See also: National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, Developing and implementing a performance measurement framework for drug law enforcement in Australia, Monograph Series No. 18, 2006.

[49]      National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, Developing and implementing a performance measurement framework for drug law enforcement in Australia, Monograph Series No. 18, 2006, p. 16.

[50]      Families and Friends for Drug Law Reform, Submission 19, p. 39ff.

[51]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 20.

[52]      National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, Developing and implementing a performance measurement framework for drug law enforcement in Australia, Monograph Series No. 18, 2006.

[53]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 74.

[54]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 74.

[55]      Committee Hansard, 5 June 2006, p. 71.

[56]      The Committee acknowledges the valuable work of the Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, which provided a tailored analysis of data collected on AOSD.

[57]      Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, Submission 12, p. 2.

[58]      Submission 12, p. 4.

[59]      Submission 12, p. 6.

[60]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2006, p. 13.

[61]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2006, p. 23.

[62]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2006, p. 13.

[63]      Committee Hansard, 15 May 2006, p. 13.

[64]      ACC, Submission 18A, pp 2-3.

[65]      Submission 18A, p. 3.

[66]      Submission 18A, p. 3.

[67]      Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, Submission 12, p. 4.

[68]      Submission 12, p. 3.

[69]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Crime Commission, Review of the Australian Crime Commission Act 2002, p. ix.

[70]      ACC, Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05, pp. 76 - 80.

Appendix 5

[1]           The information contained in these tables has been complied from the Victorian Parliament report on amphetamines and party drugs and the Australian Crime Commission Illicit Drug Data Report 2004-05.

[2]           Information in these tables taken from DrugAware, 'Facts about Drugs', published and produced by the Prevention Directorate, Drug and Alcohol Office, Western Australia.