House of Representatives Committees

| House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics

Footnotes

Chapter 1 Introduction

[1] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 126.

Chapter 2 Australia’s oil refinery industry

[1] Dr John Tilley, Australian Institute of Petroleum (AIP), Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 3.

[2] Shell, Submission 20, p. 14.

[3] Dr John Tilley, AIP, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 3.

[4] Dr John Tilley, AIP, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 3.

[5] Dr John Tilley, AIP, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 20.

[6] Dr John Tilley, AIP, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 20.

[7] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), Monitoring of the Australian petroleum industry: Report of the ACCC into the prices, costs and profits of unleaded petrol in Australia, December 2012, pp. 54; 265.

[8] Mr Graham Larcombe, Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU), Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 20.

[9] ACCC, Monitoring of the Australian petroleum industry: Report of the ACCC into the prices, costs and profits of unleaded petrol in Australia, December 2012, p. xlvii.

[10] Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism (RET), Submission 18, p. 6.

[11] AIP, Downstream Petroleum 2011, p. 3.

[12] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. xi.

[13] Dr John Tilley, AIP, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 3.

[14] Mr Eriks Velins, Submission 1, pp. 2-3.

[15] Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism (RET), Submission 18, p. 9.

[16] RET, Submission 18, p. 9.

[17] RET, Submission 18, p. 7.

[18] RET, Submission 18, p. 7.

[19] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 120.

[20] ACCC, Monitoring of the Australian petroleum industry: Report of the ACCC into the prices, costs and profits of unleaded petrol in Australia, December 2012, pp. 186; 263.

[21] ACCC, Monitoring of the Australian petroleum industry: Report of the ACCC into the prices, costs and profits of unleaded petrol in Australia, December 2012, p. 265.

[22] Australian Government, National Energy Security Assessment, December 2011, p. 10.

[23] RET, Submission 18, p. 3.

[24] RET, Submission 18, p. 3.

[25] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 120.

[26] AIP, Downstream Petroleum 2011, p. 5.

[27] Mr Andrew Smith, Shell, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 15.

[28] Mr Peter Colley, CFMEU, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 11.

[29] Mr Gary Smith, Caltex, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 39.

[30] Mr Andrew Smith, Shell, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 17.

[31] Mr Peter Colley, CFMEU, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 37.

[32] Mr Andrew Warrell, Mobil Oil, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 16.

[33] Mr Gary Smith, Caltex, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 16.

[34] ACCC, Monitoring of the Australian petroleum industry: Report of the ACCC into the prices, costs and profits of unleaded petrol in Australia, December 2012, p. 265.

[35] Mr Andrew Warrell, Mobil Oil, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 4.

[36] Mr Michael Pope, Shell, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 21.

[37] Dr John Tilley, AIP, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 2.

[38] AIP, Downstream Petroleum 2011, p. 3.

[39] Shell, Submission 20, p. 9.

[40] BP, Submission 13, p. 7.

[41] Mr Eriks Velins, Submission 1, p. 2.

[42] Dr John Tilley, AIP, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 3.

[43] Mr Andrew Warrell, Mobil Oil, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 4.

[44] Caltex, Submission 12, p. [1].

[45] Mr Gary Smith, Caltex, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 17.

[46] Shell, Submission 20, p. 4.

[47] Shell, Submission 20, p. 5.

[48] Mr Andrew Smith, Shell, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 15.

[49] Shell, Submission 20, p. 5.

[50] Shell, Submission 20, p. 5.

[51] Shell, Submission 20, p. 5.

[52] Mobil Oil, Submission 17, p. 2.

[53] Mobil Oil, Submission 17, p. 2.

[54] AIP, Downstream Petroleum 2011, p. 5.

[55] Mobil Oil, Submission 17, p. 5.

[56] Mr Eriks Velins, Submission 1, p. 5.

[57] Mobil Oil, Submission 17, p. 4.

[58] Business Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 1.

[59] Mr Andrew Warrell, Mobil Oil, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 31.

[60] Mr Gary Smith, Caltex, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 31.

[61] United Kingdom Petroleum Industry Association, The Refining Industry in the UK, June 2012, www.ukpia.com.

Chapter 3 Domestic economic impacts of declining refining capacity

[1] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 120.

[2] Dr John Tilley, Australian Institute of Petroleum (AIP), Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 3.

[3] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 125.

[4] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 125.

[5] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 125.

[6] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 125.

[7] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 127.

[8] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 127.

[9] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, pp. 128-129.

[10] Mr Michael Pope, Shell, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 30.

[11] Ms Lorraine Usher, CFMEU, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 31.

[12] Mr Andrew Smith, Shell, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, pp. 29-30.

[13] AIP, Downstream Petroleum 2011, p. 14.

[14] International Fuel Quality Centre, Worldwide Fuel Specifications 2012, p. 6.

[15] AIP, Downstream Petroleum 2011, p. 15.

[16] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 53.

[17] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 53.

[18] AIP, Submission 14, p. 12.

[19] Mobil Oil, Submission 17, p. 3.

[20] Mobil Oil, Submission 17, p. 3.

[21] Mr Andrew Warrell, Mobil Oil, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 31.

[22] Mr Gary Smith, Caltex, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 31.

[23] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 126.

[24] Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism (RET), Submission 18, p. 15.

[25] Australian Workers’ Union (AWU), Submission 4, p. 11.

[26] AWU, Submission 4, p. 13.

[27] Australian Manufacturing Workers’ Union (AMWU), Submission 7, p. 3.

[28] AMWU, Submission 7, p. 3.

[29] Business Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 2.

[30] Caltex, Submission 12, p. [8].

[31] Caltex, Submission 12, p. [8].

[32] Caltex, Submission 12, p. [8].

[33] BP, Submission 13, p. 8.

[34] Mr Eriks Velins, Submission 1, p. 3.

[35] Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU), Submission 9, Why shut a refinery amidst a boom?, 5 September 2011, p. 1.

[36] AWU, Submission 4, p. 11.

[37] NRMA, Submission 15, p. [5].

[38] AAA, Submission 16, p. [1].

[39] RET, Submission 18, p. 17.

[40] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 121.

[41] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 121.

[42] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 122.

[43] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 126.

[44] BP, Submission 13, p. 9.

[45] Caltex, Submission 12, p. 11.

[46] Caltex, Submission 12, p. 11.

[47] Mobil Oil, Submission 17, p. 4.

[48] Shell, Submission 20, p. 11.

[49] Shell, Submission 20, p. 11

[50] Mr Eriks Velins, Submission 1, p. 4.

[51] AIP, Submission 14, p. 13.

[52] Australian Consumer and Competition Commission (ACCC), Monitoring of the Australian petroleum industry, Report of the ACCC into the prices, costs and profits of unleaded petrol in Australia, December 2012.

[53] ACCC, Monitoring of the Australian petroleum industry, Report of the ACCC into the prices, costs and profits of unleaded petrol in Australia, December 2012, p. ix.

[54] Mr Matthew Schroder, ACCC, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 14.

[55] Mr Matthew Schroder, ACCC, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 14.

Chapter 4 Energy security

[1] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 59; International Energy Agency (IEA), <www.iea.org/aboutus/faqs/membership/>, viewed 21 November 2012.

[2] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 48.

[3] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. ix; 48.

[4] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 50.

[5] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 49.

[6] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 50.

[7] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. ix.

[8] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 49.

[9] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 56.

[10] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 48.

[11] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. xxi.

[12] Australian Government, National Energy Security Assessment, December 2011, p. v.

[13] Australian Government, Factsheet: National Energy Security Assessment 2011, p. 1.

[14] Australian Government, Factsheet: National Energy Security Assessment 2011, p. 2.

[15] Hale & Twomey Limited, National Energy Security Assessment (NESA) Identified Issues: Competitive Pressures on Domestic Refining, Prepared for the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, 29 June 2012, p. ii.

[16] Hale & Twomey Limited, National Energy Security Assessment (NESA) Identified Issues: Competitive Pressures on Domestic Refining, Prepared for the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, 29 June 2012, p. i.

[17] Mr Brendan Morling, Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism (RET), Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 24.

[18] Mr Brendan Morling, RET, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 24.

[19] ACIL Tasman, Liquid fuels vulnerability assessment, October 2011, pp. ix and xxvi.

[20] ACIL Tasman, Liquid fuels vulnerability assessment, October 2011, p. xxvi.

[21] Mr Brendan Morling, Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism (RET), Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 24.

[22] AIP, Downstream Petroleum 2011, p. 16.

[23] AIP, Downstream Petroleum 2011, p. 16.

[24] AIP, Submission 14, p. 10.

[25] AIP, Submission 14, p. 18.

[26] For example, see Australian Automobile Association, Submission 16, p. 2; Service Station Association, Submission 10, p. 1.

[27] Australian Manufacturing Workers’ Union (AMWU), Submission 7, p. 3.

[28] Air Vice Marshal John Blackburn (Retired), NRMA, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 26.

[29] Australian Workers’ Union (AWU), Submission 4, p. 13.

[30] See for example BP, Submission 13, p. 8.

[31] Caltex, Submission 12, pp. [15-16].

[32] Caltex, Submission 12, p. [15].

[33] Mr Gary Smith, Caltex, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 5.

[34] Business Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 1.

[35] Mr Brendan Morling, RET, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 25.

[36] Mr Brendan Morling, RET, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 25.

[37] ACIL Tasman, Liquid fuels vulnerability assessment, October 2011, p. viii.

[38] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 50.

[39] RET, Submission 18, p. 23.

[40] Mobil Oil, Submission 17, p. 4.

[41] Mobil Oil, Submission 17, p. 3.

[42] Shell, Submission 20, p. 9.

[43] Shell, Submission 20, p. 5.

[44] Mr Eriks Velins, Submission 1, p. 4

[45] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 53.

[46] BP, Submission 13, p. 8.

[47] Shell, Submission 20, p. 10.

[48] Mr Brendan Morling, RET, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 25.

[49] Mobil Oil, Submission 17, p. 4.

[50] Mobil Oil, Submission 17, p. 4; Mr Alan Bailey, Mobil Oil, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 26.

[51] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 126.

[52] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 126.

[53] Mr Brendan Morling and Ms Robyn Casey, RET, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 26.

[54] Mr Michael Pope, Shell, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 30.

[55] Mr Andrew Smith, Shell, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 28.

[56] Mr Paul Barrett, AIP, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 28.

[57] RET, Submission 18, p. 3.

[58] NRMA, Submission 15, p. 5.

[59] NRMA, Submission 15, p. 5.

[60] AIP, Submission 14, p. 17.

[61] AIP, Submission 14, p. 17.

[62] RET, Submission 18, p. 16.

[63] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 27.

[64] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 31.

[65] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, pp. 88-89.

[66] Mr Stephen Woolcott, RET, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 35.

[67] Shell, Submission 20, p. 15.

[68] RET, Submission 18, p. 25.

[69] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 53.

[70] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 53.

[71] RET, Submission 18, p. 2.

[72] AIP, Submission 14, p. 11.

[73] AIP, Submission 14, p. 17.

[74] RET, Submission 18, p. 23.

[75] RET, Submission 18, p. 24.

[76] Hale & Twomey Limited, National Energy Security Assessment (NESA) Identified Issues: Competitive Pressures on Domestic Refining, Prepared for the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, 29 June 2012, p. iii.

[77] Australian Government, National Energy Security Assessment, December 2011, p. vii.

[78] Australian Government, National Energy Security Assessment, December 2011, p. vii.

[79] AWU, Submission 4, p. 14.

[80] Air Vice Marshal John Blackburn AO (Retired), NRMA, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 6.

[81] Mr Graham Larcombe, Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 27.

[82] AIP, Submission 14, p. 18.

[83] Mr Brendan Morling, RET, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 24.

[84] AIP, Submission 14, p. 22.

[85] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, pp. 57-58.

[86] Australian Government, National Energy Security Assessment 2011, December 2011, p. 11.

[87] Australian Government, National Energy Security Assessment 2011, December 2011, p. 11.

[88] Australian Government, National Energy Security Assessment 2011, December 2011, p. 11.

[89] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 48.

[90] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 52.

[91] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 54.

[92] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 54.

[93] Mr Nic Moulis, Chief Executive Officer, Australasian Convenience and Petroleum Marketers Association (ACPMA), Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 7.

[94] Mr Nic Moulis, Chief Executive Officer, ACPMA, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 7.

[95] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. ix.

[96] BP, Submission 13, p. 8.

[97] BP, Submission 13, p. 3.

[98] BP, Submission 13, p. 8.

[99] Mobil Oil, Submission 17, p. 5.

[100] Mobil Oil, Submission 17, p. 6.

[101] Mobil Oil, Submission 17, p. 6.

[102] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 53.

[103] RET, Submission 18, p. 5.

[104] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 55.

[105] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 55.

[106] IEA website, < www.iea.org/aboutus/faqs/membership/>, viewed 21 November 2012.

[107] IEA website, < www.iea.org/aboutus/faqs/membership/>, viewed 21 November 2012.

[108] Australian Government, National Energy Security Assessment 2011, December 2011, p. 13.

[109] ACIL Tasman, Liquid fuels vulnerability report, October 2011, p. xiii.

[110] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 59.

[111] Mr Brendan Morling, RET, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 25.

[112] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 59.

[113] Hale & Twomey Limited, National Energy Security Assessment (NESA) Identified Issues: Competitive Pressures on Domestic Refining, Prepared for the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, 29 June 2012, p. iv.

[114] Hale & Twomey Limited, National Energy Security Assessment (NESA) Identified Issues: Competitive Pressures on Domestic Refining, Prepared for the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, 29 June 2012, p. iv.

[115] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 51.

[116] See Australian Automobile Association, Submission 16, p. 2;

[117] See NRMA, Submission 15, p. [9].

[118] Mr Eriks Velins, Submission 1, p. 5.

[119] AIP, Submission 14, p. 23.

[120] AIP, Submission 14, p. 24.

[121] Gas Energy Australia, Submission 6, pp. 2-3.

[122] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 59; Mr Brendan Morling, RET, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 25.

Chapter 5 Employment issues

[1] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 12.

[2] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 206.

[3] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 208.

[4] Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism (RET), Submission 18, p. 28.

[5] RET, Submission 18, p. 18.

[6] RET, Submission 18, p. 28.

[7] Mr Eriks Velins, Submission 1, p. 4.

[8] Mr Andrew Warrell, Mobil Oil, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 31.

[9] Ms Lorraine Usher, Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU), Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 33. Also see RET, Submission 18, p. 22.

[10] Mr Andrew Smith, Shell, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 43.

[11] RET, Submission 18, p.18.

[12] BP, Submission 13, p. 12.

[13] BP, Submission 13, p. 7.

[14] Mr Andrew Smith, Shell, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 37.

[15] Mr Peter Colley, CFMEU, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 38.

[16] Mr Gary Smith, Caltex, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, pp. 39-40.

[17] RET, Submission 18, p. 18.

[18] Australian Institute of Petroleum (AIP), Downstream Petroleum 2011, p. 9.

[19] Australian Manufacturing Workers’ Union (AMWU), Submission 7, p. 4.

[20] BP, Submission 13, p. 10.

[21] BP, Submission 13, p. 10.

[22] CFMEU, Submission 9, Attachment 2: Strategic Economics and SGS Economics and Planning, The Future of Clyde Refinery—A report to CFMEU Mining & Energy and AMWU, July 2011, p. 54

[23] Caltex, Submission 12, p. [13]; AWU, Submission 4, p. 17.

[24] Shell, Submission 20, p. 12.

[25] Shell, Submission 20, p. 12.

[26] See CFMEU, Submission 9.

[27] CFMEU, Submission 9, p. [54]; Mr Peter Colley, CFMEU, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 36.

[28] CFMEU, Submission 9, p. 2.

[29] CFMEU, Submission 9, p. 2.

[30] Caltex, Submission 12, p. [14].

[31] Australian Workers’ Union (AWU), Submission 4, p. 17.

[32] AWU, Submission 4, p. 18.

[33] AWU, Submission 4, p. 17.

[34] Mr Gary Smith, Caltex, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 43.

[35] For example AMWU, Submission 4, p. 4; CFMEU, Submission 9, p. 2;

[36] AWU, Submission 4, p. 18.

[37] Caltex, Submission 12, p. [14].

[38] LyondellBasell, Submission 19, p. 1.

[39] Mr Peter Colley, CFMEU, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 36.

[40] RET, Submission 18, p. 22.

[41] Mr Peter Colley, CFMEU, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 36; Mr Andrew Warrell, Mobil Oil, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 4.

[42] Mr Andrew Warrell, Mobil Oil, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 4.

[43] Mr Peter Colley, CFMEU, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 36.

[44] AIP, Downstream Petroleum 2011, p. 9.

[45] Australian Government, Energy White Paper 2012, Australia’s energy transformation, p. 208.

[46] Mr Andrew Smith, Shell, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 41.

[47] Shell, Submission 20, p. 13.

[48] Shell, Submission 20, p. 14.

[49] Mr Eriks Velins, Submission 1, pp. 5-6.

[50] Caltex, Submission 12, p. [13].

[51] Mr Misha Zelinsky, AWU, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 November 2012, p. 37.

[52] CFMEU, Submission 9, Attachment 2: Strategic Economics and SGS Economics and Planning, The Future of Clyde Refinery—A report to CFMEU Mining & Energy and AMWU, July 2011, p. 54.

[53] RET, Submission 18, p. 29.

[54] RET, Submission 18, p. 20.

[55] Caltex, Submission 12, p. [13].

[56] Caltex, Submission 12, p. [13].

[57] Shell, Submission 20, p. 13.