Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction  

[1]        Mr Philip Moss, Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 2; Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, p. 8.

[2]        Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions, Annual Report 2011–12, p. 4, http://www.cdpp.gov.au/Publications/Annual-Reports/CDPP-Annual-Report-2011-2012.pdf (accessed 17 April 2013).

[3]        Mr Greg Williams, ATO, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 6.

[4]        Ms Rona Mellor, DAFF, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 11.

[5]        Mr Todd Frew, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 12.

[6]        Mr Todd Frew, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 12.

[7]        Australian Government Response to: Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity Final Report, February 2012, p. 2.

[8]        Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2012, p. 12, http://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/AntiCorruption/Documents/TheCommonwealthsApproachtoAntiCorruption.pdf (accessed 21 March 2013).

[9]        Mr Michael Ahrens, Transparency International Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 11; Mr Malone, ATO, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 8; Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 3.

[10]      Mr Paul Malone, ATO, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 8; Export Finance and Insurance Corporation, Answer to Question on Notice at a public hearing on 11 May 2012 (received 25 May 2012); Mr Peter Yuile, Austrade, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 28.

[11]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Answer to Question on Notice at a public hearing on 11 May 2012.

[12]      In February 2013, the RBA agreed to sell its 50 shareholding in Securency to Innovia Films. Reserve Bank of Australia, Sale of Securency, Media Release, 12 February 2013, http://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2013/mr-13-02.html (accessed 20 May 2013).

[13]      Evidence to the committee suggests that Australian officials are most commonly deployed for up to three years. Mr Michael Pezzullo, Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, pp 19–20; Mr Todd Frew, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 15.

[14]      As a case in point, ATO staff travel internationally to attend international forums and conferences as well as to partner AusAID to deliver Australia's overseas aid program. Mr Greg Williams, ATO, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 6.

[15]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Annual Report 2011–12, pp 4–5, http://www.dfat.gov.au/dept/annual_reports/11-12/pdf/DFAT_AR_2011-12.pdf (accessed 10 May 2013).

[16]      Mr Blair Excell, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 9.

[17]      As at December 2011. Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, pp 5–6.

[18]      Assistant Commissioner Kevin Zuccato, AFP, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 5. AFP officers serve as advisors and intelligence analysts in people smuggling investigation teams in Malaysia and Indonesia.  The AFP has an advisor deployed to the Jakarta Cybercrime Centre and Transnational Crime teams in Ho Chi Minh City, Phnom Penh, Manila and Bangkok while counter-terrorism officers work alongside counterparts in London and Washington.  Australian Federal Police, Submission 5, p. 4.

[19]      Mr Peter Yuile, Executive Director, Education and Corporate Operations, Austrade, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 26.

[20]      Answer to Question on Notice from the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service in response to Chair's letter of 6 February 2012 (received 7 March 2012).

[21]      Mr Greg Williams, ATO, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 8.

CHAPTER 2

[1]        Reserve Bank of Australia, Answers to Questions on Notice in response to committee request of 23 May 2012 (received 1 June 2012), pp 7–8.

[2]        AFP, 'Foreign bribery charges laid in Australia', Media Release, 1 July 2011, http://www.afp.gov.au/media-centre/news/afp/2011/july/foreign-bribery-charges-laid-in-australia.aspx (accessed 5 June 2012); Nick McKenzie and Richard Baker, 'Former Securency bosses arrested', Sydney Morning Herald, 1 July 2011, http://www.smh.com.au/business/former-securency-bosses-arrested-20110701-1gtr8.html (accessed 5 June 2011).

[3]        AFP, Further charges laid in foreign bribery investigation', Media Release, 10 August 2011, http://www.afp.gov.au/media-centre/news/afp/2011/august/further-charges-laid-in-foreign-bribery-investigation.aspx (accessed 5 June 2012).

[4]        In February 2013, the RBA agreed to sell its 50 shareholding in Securency to Innovia Films. Reserve Bank of Australia, 'Sale of Securency', Media Release, 12 February 2013, http://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2013/mr-13-02.html (accessed 20 May 2013).

[5]        AFP, 'Foreign bribery charges laid in Australia', Media Release, 1 July 2011, http://www.afp.gov.au/media-centre/news/afp/2011/july/foreign-bribery-charges-laid-in-australia.aspx (accessed 5 June 2012), Nick McKenzie & Richard Baker, 'Bank head admits bribery defences were inadequate', Saturday Age, 12 February 2011, http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/media/pressclp/548923/upload_binary/548923.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22securency,%20bribery%22 (accessed 6 June 2012).

[6]        AFP, 'Foreign bribery charges laid in Australia', Media Release, 1 July 2011.

[7]        AFP, 'Foreign bribery charges laid in Australia', Media Release, 1 July 2011.

[8]        Staff reporters, 'Reserve bank firms plead guilty to paying bribes to middlemen', Sydney Morning Herald, 28 October 2011.   

[9]        R v Ellery [2012] VSC 349, http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/vic/VSC/2012/349.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=title(R%20and%20Ellery%20) (accessed 20 May 2013).

[10]      AFP, 'Further charges laid in foreign bribery investigation', Media Release, 14 March 2013, http://www.afp.gov.au/media-centre/news/afp/2013/march/Media%20Release%20-%20Further%20charges%20laid%20in%20foreign%20bribery%20investigation.aspx (accessed 20 May 2013).

[11]      AFP, 'Further charges laid in foreign bribery investigation', Media Release, 14 March 2013.

[12]      Nick McKenzie and Richard Baker, 'Senior RBA men face fresh scrutiny over bribe scandal', Sydney Morning Herald, 5 March 2012, http://www.smh.com.au/national/senior-rba-men-face-fresh-scrutiny-over-bribe-scandal-20120304-1ub4z.html (accessed 5 June 2012).

[13]      Richard Baker and Nick McKenzie, 'ASIC drops note printing bribes probe', Sydney Morning Herald, 13 March 2012,  http://www.smh.com.au/national/asic-drops-note-printing-bribes-probe-20120312-1uwjo.html (accessed 5 June 2012).

[14]      Maris Beck, 'UN forum tackles business graft', Age, 15 November 2011, http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/media/pressclp/1226013/upload_binary/1226013.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22securency,%20bribery%22  (accessed 6 June 2012).

[15]      R v Ellery [2012] VSC 349.

[16]      Nick McKenzie, 'More questions over RBA role in corruption scandal', ABC News, 12 September 2012, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-09-11/more-questions-over-rba-role-in-corruption-scandal/4255344 (accessed 27 September 2012).

[17]      R v Ellery [2012] VSC 349.

[18]      R v Ellery [2012] VSC 349.

[19]      Mr Brian Hood, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 14.

[20]      Mr Brian Hood, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 10.

[21]      Mr Brian Hood, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 13.

[22]      Mr Brian Hood, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 14.

[23]      Mr Brian Hood, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 12.

[24]      Mr Brian Hood, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 14.

[25]      Mr Brian Hood, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 13.

[26]      Mr Brian Hood, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, pp 12–13.

[27]      Mr Brian Hood, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, pp 12–13.

[28]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 7.

[29]      Mr Glenn Stevens, RBA, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 17.

[30]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 1.

[31]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 2.

[32]      Mr Brian Hood, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 11.

[33]      Reserve Bank of Australia, Memorandum for the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics, Note Printing Australia Pty Ltd ('NPA') and Securency International Pty Ltd (Securency') History, Governance and Response to Issues Raised in 2007, p. 5, http://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2012/pdf/sp-gov-081012-memorandum.pdf (accessed 20 May 2013).

[34]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 2.

[35]      Reserve Bank of Australia, Memorandum for the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics, Note Printing Australia Pty Ltd ('NPA') and Securency International Pty Ltd (Securency') History, Governance and Response to Issues Raised in 2007, p. 5,

[36]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 2.

[37]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, pp 2–3.

[38]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 3.

[39]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 4.

[40]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 3.

[41]      The June 2007 RBA memo, http://www.theage.com.au/national/the-june-2007-rba-memo-20120822-24llm.html?rand=1345598937818 (accessed 10 January 2013).

[42]      Nick McKenzie, 'RBA faces questions over bribery connections', 7:30 Report, 21 August 2012.

[43]      The June 2007 RBA memo, http://www.theage.com.au/national/the-june-2007-rba-memo-20120822-24llm.html?rand=1345598937818 (accessed 10 January 2013).

[44]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 9.

[45]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 3.

[46]      Nick McKenzie and Richard Baker, 'Reserve chief admits bank new of corruption', Saturday Age, 25 February 2012, http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/media/pressclp/1464517/upload_binary/1464517.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22securency,%20bribery%22 (accessed 7 June 2012).

[47]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 8.

[48]      Commissioner Tony Negus, Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Estimates Hansard, 25 May 2010, p. 111, http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Senate_Estimates/legconctte/estimates/bud1011/index (accessed 5 June 2012).

[49]      AFP, 'Foreign bribery charges laid in Australia', Media Release, 1 July 2011, http://www.afp.gov.au/media-centre/news/afp/2011/july/foreign-bribery-charges-laid-in-australia.aspx (accessed 5 June 2012); Nick McKenzie & Richard Baker, 'Bank head admits bribery defences were inadequate', Saturday Age, 12 February 2011, http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/media/pressclp/548923/upload_binary/548923.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22securency,%20bribery%22 (accessed 6 June 2012).

[50]      Mr Frank Campbell, RBA, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 19.

[51]      Mr Ric Battellino, RBA, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics, Committee Hansard, 26 August 2011, p. 16.

[52]      Mr Frank Campbell, RBA, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 19.

[53]      Securency Pty Ltd, Securency Releases KPMG Review of Agent Arrangements, Press Release, 30 March 2010, http://www.securency.com.au/805.htm (accessed 6 June 2012), Mr Glenn Stevens, Reserve Bank Governor, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics, Inquiry into the Reserve Bank of Australia Annual Report 2010, Committee Hansard, 11 February 2011.

[54]      Mr Glenn Stevens, RBA, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics, Committee Hansard, 8 October 2012, p. 5.

[55]      Reserve Bank of Australia, Answers to questions on notice in response to committee request on 23 May 2012 (received 1 June 2012), p. 1, http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Australian_Commission_for_Law_Enforcement_Integrity/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/integrity_inter_op/submissions (accessed 5 November 2012).

[56]      Reserve Bank of Australia, Answers to Questions on Notice in response to committee request of 23 May 2012 (received 1 June 2012), p. 1.

[57]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 6.

[58]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 6.

[59]      Mr Glenn Stevens, RBA, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 13.

[60]      Mr Glenn Stevens, RBA, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics, Committee Hansard, 8 October 2012, p. 5.

[61]      Mr Glenn Stevens, RBA, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics, Committee Hansard, 8 October 2012, p. 5.

[62]      Reserve Bank of Australia, Answers to questions on notice in response to committee request on 23 May 2012 (received 1 June 2012), p. 1.

[63]      Jenny Wiggins and Ayesha de Kretser, 'Big stick is out to beat bribery', Australian Financial Review, 7 May 2012, http://www.afr.com/p/business/companies/big_stick_is_out_to_beat_bribery_DognUpKX3jPa53lzjoFmWI (accessed 20 May 2013).

[64]      Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2012, p. 17.

[65]      Mr Brian Hood, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, pp 10–11.

[66]      Mr Brian Hood, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 10.

[67]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 10.

[68]      Mr Ric Battellino, Committee Hansard, 30 November 2012, p. 12.

[69]      Clancy Yeates, 'Pressure grows to protect those who reveal misdeed', The Age, 15 September 2012, http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/political-news/pressure-grows-to-protect-those-who-reveal-misdeed-20120914-25y3z.html (accessed 28 September 2012).

[70]      Clancy Yeates, 'Pressure grows to protect those who reveal misdeed', The Age, 15 September 2012, http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/political-news/pressure-grows-to-protect-those-who-reveal-misdeed-20120914-25y3z.html(accessed 28 September 2012).

[71]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 3.

[72]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 4.

[73]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 9.

[74]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 9.

[75]      OECD Working Group on Bribery, Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Australia, October 2012, p.44, http://www.oecd.org/australia/oecdseriouslyconcernedbylackofforeignbriberyconvictionsbutencouragedbyrecenteffortsbytheaustralianfederalpolice.htm (accessed 5 November 2012).

[76]      OECD Working Group on Bribery, Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Australia, October 2012, p. 44, http://www.oecd.org/australia/oecdseriouslyconcernedbylackofforeignbriberyconvictionsbutencouragedbyrecenteffortsbytheaustralianfederalpolice.htm (accessed 5 November 2012).

[77]      UNCAC Implementation Review Group, Review of implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, Executive Summary: Australia, CAC/COSP/IRG/I/2/1, 15 May 2012, p. 6, http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNCAC/WorkingGroups/ImplementationReviewGroup/18-22June2012/V1253616e.pdf (accessed 19 April 2013).

[78]      Mr Michael Ahrens, TIA, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 13.

[79]      Mr Brian Hood, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 10.

[80]      Mr Brian Hood, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 15.

[81]      Mr Glenn Stevens, RBA, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics, Committee Hansard, 8 October 2012, p. 44.

[82]      ASIC, 12-47AD Statement on Securency International and Note Printing Australia, 12 March 2012, http://www.asic.gov.au/asic/asic.nsf/byheadline/12-47AD+Statement+on+Securency+International+and+Note+Printing+Australia (accessed 6 November 2012).

[83]      ASIC, answers to questions no notice taken at ASIC oversight hearing of the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services, 12 September 2012, p. 4, http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Corporations_and_Financial_Services/asic (accessed 6 November 2012).

[84]      ASIC, answers to questions no notice taken at ASIC oversight hearing of the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services, 12 September 2012, p. 4, http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Corporations_and_Financial_Services/asic (accessed 6 November 2012).

[85]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services, Committee Hansard, 21 March 2012, p. 19, http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id:%22committees/commjnt/7203c0c6-f5c6-4153-8681-84b0a92cda30/0000%22 (accessed 6 November 2012).

[86]      Mr Warren Day, ASIC, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 24.

[87]      Mr Warren Day, ASIC, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 23.

[88]      Assistant Commissioner Kevin Zuccato, AFP Committee Hansard, 23 March, p. 6.

[89]      Reserve Bank of Australia, Answers to Questions on Notice in response to committee request of 23 May 2012 (received 1 June 2012), p. 1.

[90]      Mr Peter Yuile, Austrade, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 28.

[91]      Mr Peter Yuile, Austrade, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 29.

[92]      Mr Brendan Jacomb, Austrade, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 29.

[93]      Mr Brendan Jacomb, Austrade, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 24.

[94]      Mr Peter Yuile, Austrade, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, pp 29–30.

[95]      Answer to Questions on Notice from DFAT at a public hearing on 11 May 2012 (received 30 May 2012).

[96]      Answer to Questions on Notice from DFAT at a public hearing on 11 May 2012 (received 30 May 2012).

CHAPTER 3 - The corruption risk environment

[1]        United Nations Convention against Corruption, Foreword, p. iii, http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNCAC/Publications/Convention/08-50026_E.pdf  (18 April 2013).

[2]        Dr Naser Al Sane, Welcome Remarks, GOPAC Global Conference of Parliamentarians Against Corruption 2013, http://gopacmanila2013.com/blog/2013/01/welcome-remarks-dr-naser-al-sane  (accessed 25 March 2013).

[3]        Mr Howard Whitton, Submission 9, p. 1.

[4]        Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index 2012, http://www.transparency.org/cpi2012/results (accessed 14 May 2013).

[5]        Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 3.

[6]        One example in point is the April 2013 Boston Marathon bombings whereby the public mobilised in response to requests of investigators to submit photographs and videotapes. Todd Shields and Brian Chappatta, 'How public helped track perpetrators', Australian Financial Review, 23 April 2013, http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/media/pressclp/2390274/upload_binary/2390274.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22(Australian%20Financial%20Review)%20%3e=20130422090003%20|%20%3e=20130422090003)%22 (accessed 23 April 2013).

[7]        A 2010 survey conducted by the Australian Institute of Criminology established a link between the level of public confidence in the police with perceptions of the level of corruption in the police force. Those who perceive more corruption have lower confidence. Adam Tomison, AIC, Confidence in the criminal justice system, February 2010, http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/tandi/381-400/tandi387/view%20paper.html (accessed 23 April 2013).

[8]        The Hon. Terence RH Cole AO RFD QC, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, Volume 1, Summary, recommendations and background, Prologue, November 2006, http://www.oilforfoodinquiry.gov.au/agd/WWW/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(22D92C3251275720C801B3314F7A9BA2)_Volume%2bI%2b(21Nov06)-CD.pdf/%24file/Volume%2bI%2b(21Nov06)-CD.pdf (accessed 18 April 2013).

[9]        Mr Philip Moss, Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 2.

[10]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, p. 8.

[11]      Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Submission 1, pp 5­–6.

[12]      Australian Crime Commission, Submission 6, p. 2.

[13]      Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 3.

[14]      The Hon. Kevin Rudd MP, Prime Minister, House of Representatives Hansard, 4 December 2008, p. 12549, http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/genpdf/chamber/hansardr/2008-12-04/0045/hansard_frag.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf (accessed 16 May 2012).

[15]      Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Submission 1, p. 7.

[16]      Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Submission 1, p. 7.

[17]      Mr Gary Lewis, UNOCD, 'Australia obvious target for drug and people smugglers', Radio Australia, 19 April 2012, http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/radio/program/connect-asia/australia-obvious-target-for-drug-and-people-smugglers/930224 (accessed 18 April 2013).

[18]      Mr Gary Lewis, UNODC, Australia an 'obvious target' for international crime, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, http://www.unodc.org/eastasiaandpacific/en/video/2012/abc-news-australia.html (accessed 21 May 2012).

[19]      Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Submission 1, p. 6.

[20]      Australian Crime Commission, Submission 6, pp 1–2.

[21]      Australian Crime Commission, Submission 6, p. 2.

[22]      Mr Peter Yuile, Austrade, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 26.

[23]      Mr Peter Yuile, Austrade, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 30.

[24]      Mr Luke Williams, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 4.

[25]      Mr Philip Moss, Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 2; Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, p. 8; Mr Michael Pezzulo, Customs, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 25.

[26]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, pp 8–9.

[27]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, p. 8.

[28]      Answer to Question on Notice from the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service in response to the Chair's letter of 6 February 2012 (received 7 March 2012); Mr Laurie Dunn, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, pp 10–12.

[29]      Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Submission 1, p. 7.

[30]      Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Submission 1, p. 7.

[31]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, p. 9.

[32]      Mr Laurie Dunn, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 10.

[33]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 5, p. 9.

[34]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 5, p. 10.

[35]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 5, p. 11.

[36]      Mr Luke Williams, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 3.

[37]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Answer to Question on Notice at a public hearing on 11 May 2012.

[38]      APSC, Sect 4.16 Working overseas, http://www.apsc.gov.au/publications-and-media/current-publications/aps-values-and-code-of-conduct-in-practice/working-overseas (accessed 26 April 2013).

[39]      Ms Rona Mellor, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 17.

[40]      Australian Crime Commission, Submission 6, p. 1.

[41]      The Hon. Jason Clare MP, Minister for Home Affairs and Minister for Justice, Ministerial Statement, 12 February 2013, http://www.ministerhomeaffairs.gov.au/Mediareleases/Pages/2013/First%20Quarter/12th-February-2013---Ministerial-Statement.aspx (accessed 18 April 2013).

[42]      'Three more charged over Customs smuggling ring', ABC News, 23 April 2013, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-04-23/three-more-charged-over-customs-smuggling-ring/4646770 (accessed 23 April 2013); Nick McKenzie and Richard Baker, 'Five arrested in customs drug sting', Sydney Morning Herald, 13 February 2013, http://www.smh.com.au/national/five-arrested-in-customs-drug-sting-20130212-2eb6q.html (accessed 18 April 2013).

[43]      AAP, Customs staff charged over alleged drug smuggling ring', The Australian, 12 February 2013, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/customs-staff-charged-over-alleged-drug-smuggling-ring/story-e6frg6nf-1226576397568 (accessed 18 April 2013).  AFP, 'AQIS official arrested over corruption', Media Release, 20 December 2012, http://www.afp.gov.au/media-centre/news/afp/2012/december/aqis-official-arrested-over-corruption.aspx (accessed 18 April 2013).

[44]      Mr Philip Moss, Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2013, p. 2.

[45]      Australian Government, Commonwealth Organised Crime Strategic Framework: Overview, 2009, p. 9.

[46]      Australian Government, Commonwealth Organised Crime Strategic Framework: Overview, 2009, p. 9.

[47]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 2.

[48]      Mr Philip Moss, Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 2.

[49]      Mr Philip Moss, Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 2.

[50]      Mr Philip Moss, Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 3.

[51]      Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre, Submission 3, p. 2.

[52]      The Integrity Commissioner clarified that there was little opportunity for this form of corruption to occur in relation to the roles and functions of LEIC Act agencies. Mr Philip Moss, Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 2.

[53]      Mr Todd Frew, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, 17.

[54]      Mr Philip Moss, Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 2.

[55]      Mr Philip Moss, Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 2.

[56]      Mr Philip Moss, Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 2.

[57]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006, Final Report,  July 2011, p. 10, http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Australian_Commission_for_Law_Enforcement_Integrity/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/integrity_com_act/report/index (accessed 31 May 2012).

[58]      Ms Alison Larkins, Office of the Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 20.

[59]      ACLEI, Submission to the PJC–ACLEI, Inquiry into the operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2005, July 2009, Submission 14, pp 11–13.

[60]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 6.

[61]      Ms Alison Larkins, Office of the Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 21.

[62]      Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Submission 1, p. 6.

[63]      Mr Michael Pezzullo, Customs, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 21.

[64]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, p. 9.

[65]      United Nations Convention against Corruption, Article 8 (5), http://treaties.un.org/doc/source/RecentTexts/Corruption_E.pdf  (accessed 19 April 2013).

[66]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 28.

[67]      Austrade, Client Service Handbook, Attachment F, Answer to Question on Notice from Austrade at a public hearing on 11 May 2012 (received 31 May 2012).

[68]      P. Steidlmeier, Gift Giving, Bribery and Corruption: Ethic Management of Business Relationships in China, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 20, No. 2, June 1999, pp 121–132.

[69]      EFIC Code of Conduct Policy, Answer to Question on Notice from Export Finance and Insurance Corporation in response to the committee's request on 6 September (received 7 September 2012).

[70]      EFIC Code of Conduct Policy, Answer to Question on Notice from Export Finance and Insurance Corporation in response to the committee's request on 6 September (received 7 September 2012).

[71]      OECD, Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and related documents, Commentaries on the Convention, p. 15, http://www.oecd.org/investment/anti-bribery/anti-briberyconvention/38028044.pdf (accessed 17 May 2013).

[72]      UNCAC Implementation Review Group, Review of implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, Executive Summary: Australia, CAC/COSP/IRG/I/2/1, 15 May 2012, p. 3, http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNCAC/WorkingGroups/ImplementationReviewGroup/18-22June2012/V1253616e.pdf (accessed 19 April 2013).

[73]      UNCAC Implementation Review Group, Review of implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, Executive Summary: Australia, CAC/COSP/IRG/I/2/1, 15 May 2012, p. 3, http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNCAC/WorkingGroups/ImplementationReviewGroup/18-22June2012/V1253616e.pdf (accessed 19 April 2013).

[74]      Attorney-General's Department, Assessing the 'facilitation payments' defence to the Foreign Bribery offence and other measures, Public Consultation Paper, 15 November 2011, p. 2. http://www.crimeprevention.gov.au/Financialcrime/Documents/v2Public%20consultation%20paper%20-%20amendments%20to%20bribery%20offences%20-%20corrected%20version%2018%20November%202011.pdf (accessed 19 April 2013).

[75]      Mr Brendan Jacomb, Austrade, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 21.

[76]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Recommendation of the Council for Further Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, 26 November 2009, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/11/40/44176910.pdf (accessed 7 June 2012).

[77]      The three include an official's family, friends, and other third persons acting as intermediaries; intermediaries who do not provide any identifiable service; and intermediaries who provide a combination of legitimate and illegitimate goods and services. OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Typologies on the Role of Intermediaries in International Business Transactions, Final Report, 9 October 2009, p. 6, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/40/17/43879503.pdf (accessed 8 June 2012).

[78]      Australian Council of Superannuation Investors, Anti-Corruption and Bribery Practices in Corporate Australia, October 2011, p. 5, http://www.acsi.org.au/images/stories/ACSIDocuments/generalresearchpublic/11_anti_corruption__bribery_practices_in_corporate_australia.oct_11.pdf (accessed 22 April 2013).

[79]      Australian Council of Superannuation Investors, Anti-Corruption and Bribery Practices in Corporate Australia, October 2011, p. 20..

[80]      Australian Council of Superannuation Investors, Anti-Corruption and Bribery Practices in Corporate Australia, 26 October 2011, p. 21.

[81]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Australia: Phase 2 Follow up report on the implementation of phase 2 recommendations, August 2008, p. 5, http://www.oecd.org/investment/anti-bribery/anti-briberyconvention/41305864.pdf (accessed 20 May 2013).

[82]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Australia Phase 3: Final Report, Final Report on Implementation and Application of the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, November 2012, p. 4. http://search.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=DAF/WGB(2012)1/FINAL&docLanguage=En (accessed 20 May 2013).

[83]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Australia Phase 3: Final Report, November 2012, p. 4.

[84]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Australia Phase 3: Final Report, November 2012, p. 9.

[85]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Australia Phase 3: Final Report, November 2012, pp 9–10.

[86]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Australia Phase 3: Final Report, November 2012, p. 10.

[87]      Mr Brendan Jacomb, Austrade, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 22.

[88]      AGD, Assessing the 'facilitation payments' defence to the foreign bribery offence and other measures, http://www.crimeprevention.gov.au/Financialcrime/Pages/Briberyofforeignpublicofficials.aspx#Assessing (accessed 20 May 2013).

[89]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Australia Phase 3: Final Report, November 2012, p. 10.

[90]      UNCAC Implementation Review Group, Review of implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, Executive Summary: Australia, CAC/COSP/IRG/I/2/1, June 2012, p. 9.

CHAPTER 4 - International obligations and regional engagement

[1]        United Nations, UNODC's Action against Corruption and Economic Crime, 2013, http://www.unodc.org/unodc/corruption/index.html (accessed 22 April 2013); United Nations, Technical Guide to the United Nations Convention against Corruption, September 2009, http://www.unicri.it/news/article/0909-5_guide_corruption (accessed 22 April 2013). 

[2]        Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, International Anti-Corruption Day 9 December 2009 cited in UNODC's Action against Corruption and Economic Crime, 2013, http://www.unodc.org/unodc/corruption/index.html (accessed 22 April 2013)

[3]        UNODC, UNCAC Signature and Ratification Status as of 24 December 2012, http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CAC/signatories.html (accessed 22 April 2013).

[4]        United Nations Convention against Corruption, Preamble, http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNCAC/Publications/Convention/08-50026_E.pdf (accessed 21 May 2012).

[5]        United Nations General Assembly, Keeping the promise: united to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, Sixty-fifth session, Agenda Items 13 and 115, A/65/L.1, paragraph 52, p. 11, http://www.un.org/en/mdg/summit2010/pdf/mdg%20outcome%20document.pdf (accessed 18 May 2012).

[6]        Attorney-General's Department, 'Consultation on the review of Australia's implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption', http://www.ag.gov.au/Consultationsreformsandreviews/Pages/ConsultationonthereviewofAustraliasimplementationoftheUnitedNationsConventionagainstCorruption.aspx (accessed 21 May 2012).

[7]        Attorney-General's Department, 'Australia's international anti-corruption obligations', http://www.ag.gov.au/Crimepreventionandenforcement/Corruption/Pages/Australiasinternationalanticorruptionobligations.aspx (accessed 21 May 2012).

[8]        Attorney-General's Department, 'Global leadership in combating corruption', http://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/AntiCorruption/Pages/Globalleadershipincombatingcorruption.aspx (accessed 22 April 2013).

[9]        UNCAC Implementation Review Group, Review of implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, Executive Summary: Australia, CAC/COSP/IRG/I/2/1, 15 May 2012, p. 6, http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNCAC/WorkingGroups/ImplementationReviewGroup/18-22June2012/V1253616e.pdf (accessed 19 April 2013).

[10]      UNCAC Implementation Review Group, Review of implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, Executive Summary: Australia, CAC/COSP/IRG/I/2/1, 15 May 2012, p. 3.

[11]      UNCAC Implementation Review Group, Review of implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, Executive Summary: Australia, CAC/COSP/IRG/I/2/1, 15 May 2012, p. 3, http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNCAC/WorkingGroups/ImplementationReviewGroup/18-22June2012/V1253616e.pdf (accessed 19 April 2013).

[12]      Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2012, p. 27.

[13]      OECD, Australia–OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, http://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/australia-oecdanti-briberyconvention.htm (accessed 22 April 2013).

[14]      OECD Working Group on Bribery, 2010 Annual Report, p. 11, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/7/15/47628703.pdf (accessed 21 May 2012).

[15]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Australia: Final Report, October 2012, p. 9.

[16]      OECD, 'OECD seriously concerned by lack of foreign bribery convictions, but encouraged by recent efforts by the Australian Federal Police', Media Release, 25 October 2012, http://www.oecd.org/australia/oecdseriouslyconcernedbylackofforeignbriberyconvictionsbutencouragedbyrecenteffortsbytheaustralianfederalpolice.htm (accessed 25 October 2012).

[17]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Australia: Final Report, October 2012, pp 48–51, http://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/Australiaphase3reportEN.pdf (accessed 19 April 2013). 

[18]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Australia: Final Report, October 2012, p. 51.

[19]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Australia: Final Report, October 2012, p. 52.

[20]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Australia: Final Report, October 2012, p. 52.

[21]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Australia: Final Report, October 2012, p. 49.

[22]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Australia: Final Report, October 2012, p. 50.

[23]      OECD, 'OECD seriously concerned by lack of foreign bribery convictions, but encouraged by recent efforts by the Australian Federal Police', Media Release, 25 October 2012.

[24]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Australia: Final Report, October 2012, pp 9 and 49.

[25]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Australia: Final Report, October 2012, p. 49.

[26]      Attorney-General's Department, 'Global Leadership in combating corruption', http://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/AntiCorruption/Pages/Globalleadershipincombatingcorruption.aspx (accessed 22 April 2013).

[27]      G20 Anti-Corruption Action Plan, http://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/AntiCorruption/Documents/G20AntiCorruptionActionPlan.pdf (accessed 22 April 2013).

[28]      Attorney-General's Department, 'Global Leadership in combating corruption', http://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/AntiCorruption/Pages/Globalleadershipincombatingcorruption.aspx (accessed 22 April 2013).

[29]      OECD, G20 Anti-Corruption Action Plan, Action Point 7: Protection of Whistleblowers, http://www.oecd.org/general/48972967.pdf (Accessed 22 April 2013).

[30]      Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2012, p. 25.

[31]      APEC, APEC Course of Action on Fighting Corruption and Ensuring Transparency, p. 1, http://www.apec.org/Groups/SOM-Steering-Committee-on-Economic-and-Technical-Cooperation/Working-Groups/~/media/Files/Groups/ACT/04_amm_033rev2.ashx (accessed 22 April 2013).

[32]      Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, 'Anti-Corruption and Transparency Working Group', http://www.apec.org/Groups/SOM-Steering-Committee-on-Economic-and-Technical-Cooperation/Working-Groups/Anti-Corruption-and-Transparency.aspx (accessed 22 May 2012).

[33]      Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2012, p. 25. At its inception in 2005, the working group was called the Anti-Corruption and Transparency Experts' Task Force. Its status was upgraded to a working group in March 2011.

[34]      APEC, APEC Anti-corruption Code of Conduct for Business, September 2007, p. 1, http://publications.apec.org/publication-detail.php?pub_id=269 (accessed 22 April 2013).

[35]      GOPAC Inaugural Conference, Constitution, Rules and Regulations, October 2002, http://www.gopacnetwork.org/Docs/GOPACConstitution_EN.pdf (accessed 22 April 2013). GOPAC, Annual Report 2011–12, p. 5, http://www.gopacnetwork.org/Docs/AnnualReport_2011_2012_EN.pdf (accessed 22 April 2013).

[36]      GOPAC, 'Global Organization of Parliamentarians Against Corruption Welcomes New Executive Committee of the Board of Directors', News Release, 6 March 2013, http://www.gopacnetwork.org/Docs/NewsReleases/2013/NR_GlobalConference_Mar0613_EN.pdf (accessed 22 April 2013). The thematic Global Task Forces (GTF) include an anti-money laundering GTF; UNCAC GTF; parliamentary oversight GTF; parliamentary ethics and conduct GTF; participation in society GTF; and the Resource revenue and transparency GTF. GOPAC, Global Task Forces, http://www.gopacnetwork.org/about/global-task-forces/ (accessed 22 April 2013).

[37]      GOPAC, Annual Report 2011–12, p. 9, http://www.gopacnetwork.org/Docs/AnnualReport_2011_2012_EN.pdf (accessed 22 April 2013)

[38]      GOPAC, Annual Report 2011–12, p. 11, http://www.gopacnetwork.org/Docs/AnnualReport_2011_2012_EN.pdf (accessed 22 April 2013)

[39]      GOPAC, Annual Report 2011–12, p. 19.

[40]      GOPAC, 'Global Organisation of Parliamentarians Against Corruption Calls on International Community to Prosecute Corruption Perpetrators', News Release, 4 March 2013, http://www.gopacnetwork.org/Docs/NewsReleases/2013/NR_GlobalConference_Mar0413_EN.pdf (accessed 23 April 2013).

[41]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on ACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006, Final Report, July 2011, Recommendation 10, p. viii, http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Australian_Commission_for_Law_Enforcement_Integrity/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/integrity_com_act/report/index (accessed 22 April 2013).

[42]      The Hon. Brendan O'Connor MP, Minister for Home Affairs and Justice, 'Proceeds of crime to be used to fight corruption', Media Release, 22 September 2011, http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22media%2Fpressrel%2F1129632%22 (accessed 22 April 2013).

[43]      Australian Government, Australian Government Response to Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Final Report–Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006, February 2012, p. 7, http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Australian_Commission_for_Law_Enforcement_Integrity/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/integrity_com_act/report/index (accessed 22 April 2013).

[44]      Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2012, p. 4.

[45]      The Hon. Brendan O'Connor MP, Minister for Home Affairs and Justice, 'Proceeds of crime to be used to fight corruption', Media Release, 22 September 2011, http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22media%2Fpressrel%2F1129632%22 (accessed 22 April 2013).

[46]      The Hon. Brendan O'Connor MP, Minister for Home Affairs and Justice, 'Proceeds of crime to be used to fight corruption', Media Release, 22 September 2011.

[47]      Ms Alex Taylor, Assistant Secretary, AGD, 'Anti-Corruption in Australia: Reducing the Risk. The National Anti-Corruption Plan', Speech, http://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/AntiCorruption/Documents/SpeechMsAlexTaylorAGDAssistantSecretary.pdf (accessed 22 April 2013).

[48]      Ms Alex Taylor, Assistant Secretary, AGD, 'Anti-Corruption in Australia: Reducing the Risk. The National Anti-Corruption Plan', Speech.

[49]      Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2012, p. 27, http://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/AntiCorruption/Pages/NationalAntiCorruptionPlan.aspx (accessed 22 April 2013).

[50]      Attorney-General's Department, National Anti-Corruption Plan, http://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/AntiCorruption/Pages/NationalAntiCorruptionPlan.aspx (accessed 20 May 2013).

[51]      Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 3.

[52]      Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 10.

CHAPTER 5 - National integrity framework

[1]        The Hon. Kevin Rudd MP, Prime Minister, House of Representatives Hansard, 4 December 2008, p. 12553, http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/genpdf/chamber/hansardr/2008-12-04/0045/hansard_frag.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf  (accessed 16 May 2012).

[2]        Australian Crime Commission, Organised Crime in Australia 2011, p. 95, http://www.crimecommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/OCA/2011/oca2011.pdf (accessed 16 May 2012).

[3]        The Hon. Robert McClelland MP, Attorney-General, Commonwealth Organised Crime Strategic Framework: Overview, 2009, Foreword, p. 5, http://www.ag.gov.au/Documents/Organised%20Crime%20Strategic%20Framework%20Overview.PDF (accessed 16 May 2012.

[4]        Australian Government, Commonwealth Organised Crime Strategic Framework: Overview, 2009, p. 11.

[5]        Australian Government, Australian Government Response to Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Final Report––Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006, February 2012, p. 7.

[6]        Australian Government, UNCAC Self-Assessment Report, Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, Australia, p. 5, http://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/AntiCorruption/Documents/Selfassessmentreport.pdf (accessed 23 April 2013).

[7]        Scott Prasser, 'Australian integrity agencies in critical perspective', Policy Studies, Vol. 33, No. 1, January 2012, p. 21 received as Additional Information, Article 1, 26 July 2012.

[8]        United Nations Convention against Corruption, Preamble.

[9]        Australian Government, Commonwealth Organised Crime Strategic Framework: Overview, 2009, p. 6.

[10]      Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2012, p. 27, http://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/AntiCorruption/Pages/NationalAntiCorruptionPlan.aspx (accessed 22 April 2013).

[11]      Australian Government, UNCAC Self-Assessment Report, Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, Australia, p. 3, http://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/AntiCorruption/Documents/Selfassessmentreport.pdf (accessed 23 April 2013).

[12]      Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2012, pp 16–17.

[13]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service 2011–12, p. 50.

[14]      CAC Act agencies are not subject to the Fraud Control Guidelines 2011 unless the Finance Minister has made a General Policy Order in accordance with section 48A of the Act specifying mandatory requirements for that body under the guidelines. CAC Act agencies not subject to the guidelines should 'consider applying the Guidelines as a matter of policy'. Australian Government, Commonwealth Fraud Control Guidelines 2011, p.1, http://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/FraudControl/Documents/CommonwealthFraudControlGuidelinesMarch2011.pdf (accessed 17 May 2013).

[15]      Department of Finance and Deregulation, Commonwealth Procurement Rules, 1 July 2012, http://www.finance.gov.au/procurement/docs/cpr_commonwealth_procurement_rules_july_2012.pdf (accessed 23 April 2013).

[16]      Department of Finance and Deregulation, Commonwealth Grant Guidelines, July 2009, http://www.finance.gov.au/publications/fmg-series/23-commonwealth-grant-guidelines.html (accessed 23 April 2013).

[17]      The code addresses particular conduct issues that arise overseas additional or different from those covered in existing legislation and guidelines covering APS conduct in Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, DFAT Code of Conduct for Overseas Service, http://www.dfat.gov.au/dept/code_of_conduct200598.html (accessed 8 May 2013).

[18]      Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2012, p. 12.

[19]      Australia Public Service Commission, 'Accountability', http://www.apsc.gov.au/publications-and-media/current-publications/foundations-of-governance/chapter-3-accountability (accessed 26 April 2013).

[20]      Australian Public Service Commission, Role and responsibilities, http://www.apsc.gov.au/about-the-apsc/the-commission (accessed 23 April 2013).

[21]      APSC, Section 4.16 Working overseas, http://www.apsc.gov.au/publications-and-media/current-publications/aps-values-and-code-of-conduct-in-practice/working-overseas (accessed 26 April 2013).

[22]      APSC, Section 4.16 Working overseas, http://www.apsc.gov.au/publications-and-media/current-publications/aps-values-and-code-of-conduct-in-practice/working-overseas (accessed 26 April 2013).

[23]      APSC, Section 4.12 Gifts and benefits, http://www.apsc.gov.au/publications-and-media/current-publications/aps-values-and-code-of-conduct-in-practice/gifts-and-benefits (accessed 26 April 2013).

[24]      Australian Public Service Commission, 'Australian Public Service agencies', updated 17 April 2013, http://www.apsc.gov.au/publications-and-media/current-publications/australian-public-service-agencies (accessed 26 April 2013).

[25]      Commonwealth Fraud Control Guidelines 2011, p. 17.

[26]      Australian National Audit Office, Fraud Control in Australian Government Entities––Better Practice Guide, p. 63.

[27]      Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2012, p. 13.

[28]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service 2011–12, p. 58, https://resources.apsc.gov.au/2012/SOSr1112.pdf (accessed 23 April 2013).

[29]      Commonwealth and Law Enforcement Ombudsman, Submission to the PJC on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, June 2009, http://www.ombudsman.gov.au/files/Inquiry_into_the_operation_of_the_Law_Enforcement_Integrity_Commissioner_Act_2006.pdf

[30]      Commonwealth and Law Enforcement Ombudsman, Annual Report on the Ombudsman's activities under Part V of the Australian Federal Police Act 1979––1 July 2011 to 30 June 2012, http://www.ombudsman.gov.au/files/activities_under_part_v_06.pdf (accessed 23 April 2013).

[31]      A controlled operation is a covert operation carried out by law enforcement agencies under the Act for the purposes of obtaining evidence that may lead to the prosecution of a person for a serious offence.  Commonwealth Ombudsman, A report on the Commonwealth Ombudsman's activities in monitoring controlled operations 2011–12, September 2012, p.1, http://www.ombudsman.gov.au/files/controlled_ops_2011_12.pdf (accessed 23 April 2013).

[32]      Under the Surveillance Devices Act 2004, a surveillance device means a data surveillance device, a listening device, an optical surveillance device or a tracking device. Commonwealth Ombudsman, Report to the Attorney-General on the results of inspections of records under s 55 of the Surveillance Devices Act 2004, September 2012, p.1, http://www.ombudsman.gov.au/files/surveillance_devices_2012.pdf (accessed 23 April 2013).

[33]      Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2012, p. 21.

[34]      Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2012, p. 13.

[35]      Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions, Submission 8, p. 4.

[36]      Category D in relation to the extended geographical jurisdiction applies to these offences. Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions, Submission 8, p. 4.

CHAPTER 6 - Measuring public sector corruption and integrity risks

[1]        Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2012, p. 7, http://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/AntiCorruption/Documents/TheCommonwealthsApproachtoAntiCorruption.pdf (accessed 21 March 2013).

[2]        Peter Grabosky and Peter Larmour, Public Sector Corruption and its Control, Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice, No. 143, Australian Institute of Criminology, January 2000, http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/5/4/2/%7B542945A1-12F3-4834-9072-FDAF963F6E84%7Dti143.pdf (accessed 17 April 2013).

[3]        Commander Chris McDevitt, AFP, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 26.

[4]        Commander Chris McDevitt, AFP, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 26.

[5]        Parliamentary Joint Committee on ACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006, Final Report, July 2011, Recommendation 6, p. viii.

[6]        Australian Government Response to: Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity Final Report, February 2012, p. 5.

[7]        Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 8.

[8]        Australian Crime Commission, Submission 6, pp 1–2.

[9]        Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 3.

[10]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service 2011–12, p. 49, https://resources.apsc.gov.au/2012/SOSr1112.pdf (accessed 26 April 2013).

[11]      Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 4.

[12]      Ms Alex Taylor, Assistant Secretary, AGD, 'Anti-Corruption in Australia: Reducing the Risk. The National Anti-Corruption Plan', Speech, http://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/AntiCorruption/Documents/SpeechMsAlexTaylorAGDAssistantSecretary.pdf (accessed 22 April 2013).

[13]      This responsibility was given to the AIC in 2006 as required by the Commonwealth Fraud Control Guidelines. The guidelines that 'all Commonwealth agencies are required to provide the AIC with fraud control information which is used in the preparation of an annual report for the Minister for Home Affairs'. See further AIC, Fraud against the commonwealth monitoring program, http://www.aic.gov.au/about_aic/research_programs/nmp/fraud_comm.html (accessed 17 May 2013).

[14]      Australian Institute of Criminology, Fraud against the Commonwealth 2009–10 annual report to government, AIC Monitoring Report 18, p. xi, http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/B/5/1/%7bB514C8BC-4578-4D7F-A9C8-475FF1269004%7dMR18.pdf (accessed 26 April 2013).

[15]      The AIC notes that some of these incidents of external fraud may have involved allegations of non-compliance with regulatory instruments rather than actual incidents of financial crime. Australian Institute of Criminology, Fraud against the Commonwealth 2009–10 annual report to government, AIC Monitoring Report 18, March 2012, p. 20.

[16]      Australian Institute of Criminology, Fraud against the Commonwealth 2009–10 annual report to government, AIC Monitoring Report 18, March 2012, p. xii.

[17]      Australian Institute of Criminology, Fraud against the Commonwealth 2009–10 annual report to government, AIC Monitoring Report 18, March 2012, p. xii.

[18]      Australian Institute of Criminology, Fraud against the Commonwealth 2009–10 annual report to government, AIC Monitoring Report 18, March 2012, p. xii.

[19]      Australian Institute of Criminology, Fraud against the Commonwealth 2009–10 annual report to government, AIC Monitoring Report 18, March 2012, p. xii.

[20]      Australian Institute of Criminology, Fraud against the Commonwealth 2009–10 annual report to government, AIC Monitoring Report 18, March 2012, p. xii.

[21]      Australian Government, Commonwealth Fraud Control Guidelines, 2011, p. 1.

[22]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 2.

[23]      APSC, Annual Report 2010–11, Role and responsibilities, p. 10, https://resources.apsc.gov.au/2011/AR1011.pdf (accessed 14 May 2013).

[24]      Australian Public Service Commissioner, State of the Service Report 2011–12, Australian Public Service Commission, p. 50, https://resources.apsc.gov.au/2012/SOSr1112.pdf   (accessed 17 May 2013); Australian Public Service Commissioner, State of the Service Report 2010–11, Australian Public Service Commission, p. 50, http://www.apsc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/3340/chapt3.pdf (accessed 24 May 2012).

[25]      Answer to Question on Notice from the Australian Public Service Commission at a public hearing on 8 August 2012 (received 30 August 2013).

[26]      Australian Public Service Commissioner, State of the Service Report 2010–11, Australian Public Service Commission, p. 67.

[27]      Answer to Question on Notice from the Australian Public Service Commission at a public hearing on 8 August 2012 (received 30 August 2012).

[28]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service 2011–12, p. 50.

[29]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service 2011–12, pp 52–53.

[30]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service 2011–12, p. 53.

[31]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service 2011–12, p. 50.

[32]      Answer to Question on Notice from the Australian Public Service Commission at a public hearing on 8 August 2012 (received 3 September 2012).

[33]      Answer to Question on Notice from the Australian Public Service Commission at a public hearing on 8 August 2012 (received 3 September 2012).

[34]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service 2011–12, p. 50.

[35]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service 2010–11, p. 68.

[36]      Mr Howard Whitton, Submission 9, p. 5.

[37]      Assistant Commissioner Kevin Zuccato, AFP, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, pp 25–26.

[38]      Assistant Commissioner Kevin Zuccato, AFP, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 1.

[39]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 8.

[40]      Assistant Commissioner Kevin Zuccato, AFP, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 1. 

[41]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 5, p. 10.

[42]      Assistant Commissioner Kevin Zuccato, AFP, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 5.

[43]      Assistant Commissioner Kevin Zuccato, AFP, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 6.

[44]      Mr Luke Williams, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 3.

[45]      Mr Laurie Dunn, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, pp 11–12.

[46]      Mr Laurie Dunn, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 12.

[47]      Mr Laurie Dunn, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 11.

[48]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Australia: Final Report, October 2012, p. 52.

[49]      Answer to Question on Notice from Australian Customs and Border Protection Service in response to the Chair's letter of 6 February 2012 (received 7 March 2012).

[50]      Mr John Hopkins, EFIC, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 15.

[51]      Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 4.

[52]      Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 4.

[53]      OECD, Public Sector Integrity: A Framework for Assessment, 2005, p. 3.

[54]      OECD, Public Sector Integrity: A Framework for Assessment, 2005, p. 13.

[55]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 6.

[56]      Assistant Commissioner Kevin Zuccato, AFP, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 4.

[57]      Assistant Commissioner Kevin Zuccato, AFP, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 4.

[58]      Commander Ray Johnson, AFP, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, pp 4–5.

[59]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Answer to Question on Notice at a public hearing on 23 March 2012 (received 29 May 2012).

[60]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Answer to Question on Notice at a public hearing on 23 March 2012 (received 29 May 2012).

[61]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Answer to Question on Notice at a public hearing on 23 March 2012 (received 29 May 2012).

[62]      Mr Todd Frew, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 15.

[63]      Ms Jane Atkins, AUSTRAC, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 10.

[64]      Commander Ray Johnson, AFP, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, pp 4–5.

[65]      Answer to Question on Notice from the Australian Public Service Commission at a public hearing on 8 August 2012 (received 30 August). 

[66]      Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2012, p. 7.

[67]      Dr Ken Norman, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 42; Mr Stephen Sedgwick, Public Service Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 22.

[68]      Mr Philip Moss, Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 3.

[69]      Mr Stephen Sedgwick, Public Service Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 22.

[70]      Transparency International Australia, Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 3.

[71]      Mr Philip Moss, Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 3.

[72]      Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 13.

[73]      Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 12.

[74]      Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 4.

CHAPTER 7

[1]        OECD, Towards a Sound Integrity Framework: Instruments, Processes, Structures and Conditions for Implementation, Global Forum on Public Governance, 23 April 2009, p. 9, http://search.oecd.org/officialdocuments/displaydocumentpdf/?doclanguage=en&cote=GOV/PGC/GF(2009)1 (accessed 20 May 2013).

[2]        Public Sector Standards Commissioner, Review of Victoria's integrity and anti-corruption system, 2010, vii–viii, http://www.vic.ipaa.org.au/sb_cache/professionaldevelopment/id/193/f/PSSC_Integrity_Review.pdf (accessed 13 May 2013).

[3]        Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 6.

[4]        Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 5.

[5]        Answer to Question on Notice from Australian Customs and Border Protection Service in response to the Chair's letter of 6 February 2012 (received 7 March 2012).

[6]        Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 6.

[7]        Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service 2011–12, p. 59.

[8]        Mr Philip Moss, Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 3.

[9]        Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, p. 8.

[10]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p.12; Attorney General's Department, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p.7; Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Committee Hansard, 26 March 2012, p.16.

[11]      Dr Ken Norman, private individual, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 41.

[12]      Mr Howard Whitton, Submission 9, p. 1.

[13]      Mr Howard Whitton, Submission 9, p. 2.

[14]      Mr Howard Whitton, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 34.

[15]      Mr Stephen Sedgwick, Public Service Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 23.

[16]      Dr David Lacey, ACC, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, pp 30–31.

[17]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 6.

[18]      Mr Howard Whitton, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 35.

[19]      Dr John Nye, 'What about Trust?: Human Capital, Social Capital, and Institutions', Paper presented at GOPAC Conference, January 2013.

[20]      Mr Stephen Sedgwick, Public Service Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 19.

[21]      Mr Howard Whitton, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 35.

[22]      Mr Michael Ahrens, TIA, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 11. The other principles include overall program design; risk assessment; due diligence; communication including training; and monitoring and review. These six principles were recognised as broadly similar to best practices for anti-corruption compliance in the United States and elsewhere. UK Ministry of Justice, The Bribery Act 2010––Guidance, p. 20, http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/legislation/bribery-act-2010-guidance.pdf (accessed 15 May 2013).

[23]      Scott Prasser, 'Australian integrity agencies in critical perspective', Policy Studies, Vol. 33, No. 1, January 2012, p. 23 received as Additional Information, Article 1, 26 July 2012. The Australian Institute of Criminology noted that the example set by senior people is 'most important'. Peter Grabosky and Peter Lamour,' Public Sector Corruption and its Control', Australian Institute of Criminology, Trends and Issues in crime and criminal justice, No. 143, January 2000, p. 6.

[24]      Dr David Lacey, ACC, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 32.

[25]      Answer to Question on Notice from Australian Customs and Border Protection Service in response to the Chair's letter of 6 February 2012 (received 7 March 2012).

[26]      Mr Brian Hood, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p .10.

[27]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 5.

[28]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 2.

[29]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 1.

[30]      Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 12.

[31]      Mr Luke Williams, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, pp 2–3; Mr Todd Frew, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 16.

[32]      Mr Luke Williams, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, pp 2–3.

[33]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 26.

[34]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 26.

[35]      AJ Brown, 'Whistleblower bill once-in-a-lifetime', The Australian, 2 November 2012, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/legal-affairs/whistleblower-bill-once-in-a-lifetime/story-e6frg97x-1226508670645 (accessed 20 May 2013).

[36]      Mr Howard Whitton, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 34.

[37]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 5.

[38]      OECD, Principles for Managing Ethics in the Public Service, Public Management Service, May 1998, p. 3, www.oecd.org/gov/ethics/1899138.pdf (accessed 1 May 2013).

[39]      Peter Roberts, A.J. Brown and Jane Olsen, Whistling While They Work. A good-practice guide for managing internal reporting of wrongdoing in public sector organisations, 2011, p. 10.

[40]      APSC, State of the Service 2011–12, p. 54.

[41]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 2. 

[42]      Nick McKenzie, Richard Baker, Maris Beck, Outspoken RBA exec 'forced out', The Age, 14 September 2012, http://www.theage.com.au/national/outspoken-rba-exec-forced-out-20120913-25v7u.html (accessed 20 May 2013).

[43]      Nick McKenzie, Richard Baker, Maris Beck, 'Whistleblower told to shut up', Sydney Morning Herald, http://www.smh.com.au/business/whistleblower-told-to-shut-up-20120913-25v8t.html (accessed 20 May 2013); 'Note Printing Australia whistleblower Brian Hood threatened, magistrates court told', Herald Sun, 17 September 2012, http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/banknote-whistleblower-threatened-magistrates-court-told/story-e6frf7kx-1226476022069 (accessed 20 May 2013).  

[44]      Mr Michael Ahrens, TIA, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 13. Other whistleblower cases before the courts included that of an ATO whistleblower who took action against the ATO in the Federal Magistrates Court under the Fair Work Act 2009 alleging eight adverse actions as a result of lodging a whistleblower complaint made under the Public Service Act. Chris Seage, 'ATO whistleblower in court: 'they sabotaged my complaints', Crikey, 20 September 2012. In another case, two of three CSIRO employees blew the whistle on alleged 'criminal or civil breaches of the law' by the organisation. All three were later made redundant. Linton Besser, 'Whistleblowers at CSIRO forced out and 'bullying rife', Sydney Morning Herald, 18 September 2012, http://www.smh.com.au/national/whistleblowers-at-csiro-forced-out-and-bullying-rife-20120917-262hk.html (accessed 18 September 2012).

[45]      Clancy Yeates, 'Pressure grows to protect those who reveal misdeed', The Age, 15 September 2012, http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/political-news/pressure-grows-to-protect-those-who-reveal-misdeed-20120914-25y3z.html (accessed 28 September 2012); AJ Brown, 'Everyone backs whistleblowing laws. So why are we still waiting for them?, Opinion, The Canberra Times, 2 October 2012, http://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/public-service/everyone-backs-whistleblowing-laws-so-why-are-we-still-waiting-for-them-20120929-26ryr.html (accessed 2 October 2012).

[46]      Australian Government, The Commonwealth's Approach to Anti-Corruption: Discussion Paper, Attorney-General's Department, March 2013, p. 18.

[47]      Explanatory Memorandum, Public Interest Disclosure Bill 2013.

[48]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Social Policy and Legal Affairs, Media Alert, 2 April 2013, http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House_of_Representatives_Committees?url=spla/bill 2013 public interest disclosure/media.htm (accessed 24 May 2013).

[49]      Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Public Interest Disclosure Bill 2013, http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate_Committees?url=legcon_ctte/public_interest_disclosure/index.htm (accessed 24 May 2013).

[50]      Public Interest Disclosure (Whistleblower Protection) Bill 2012, http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22legislation%2Fbills%2Fr4913_first-reps%2F0000%22;rec=0 (accessed 20 May 2013).

[51]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Social Policy and Legal Affairs, Advisory Report,  Public Interest Disclosure (Whistleblower Protection) Bill 2012, Public Interest Disclosure (Whistleblower Protection) (Consequential Amendments) Bill 2012, Public Interest Disclosure Bill 2013, May 2013, http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House_of_Representatives_Committees?url=spla/bill 2013 public interest disclosure/index.htm (accessed 3 June 2013).

[52]      Advisory Group on Reform of Australian Government Administration, Ahead of the Game: Blueprint for the Reform of Australian Government Administration, March 2010, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/publications/aga_reform/aga_reform_blueprint/ (accessed 20 May 2013).

[53]      The Hon. Garry Gray MP, Special Minister of State and Minister for the Public Service and Integrity, Second Reading Speech, Public Service Amendment Bill 2012, 1 March 2012, http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansardr%2Fbda27a36-a8b5-4e6a-a64f-6084b2c53511%2F0016%22 (accessed 20 May 2013).

[54]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 2.

[55]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 4.

[56]      Employees were able to nominate more than one reason. APSC, State of the Service 2011–12, pp 55–56.

[57]      Mr Stephen Sedgwick, Public Service Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 22.

[58]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service 2011–12, p. 51.

[59]      Mr Paul Malone, ATO, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 10.

[60]      Mr Paul Malone, ATO, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 10.

[61]      Mr Howard Whitton, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 33.

[62]      Ms Karin Fisher, APSC, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 16.

[63]      Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 12.

[64]      Mr Paul Malone, ATO, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 9.

[65]      Mr Paul Malone, ATO, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 9.

[66]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 6.

[67]      Ms Karin Fisher, APSC, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 16.

[68]      Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 12.

[69]      Australian Public Service Commission, Submission 10, p. 3.

[70]      Ms Karin Fisher, APSC, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 16.

[71]      Mr Stephen Sedgwick, Public Service Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 16.

[72]      Mr Stephen Sedgwick, Public Service Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 16.

[73]      Mr Stephen Sedgwick, Public Service Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 20.

[74]      Commander Chris McDevitt, AFP, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, pp 26–27.

[75]      Mr Howard Whitton, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 35.

[76]      Mr Howard Whitton, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 36.

[77]      Mr Howard Whitton, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 33.

[78]      Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 12.

[79]      Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 12.

[80]      Mr Michael Ahrens, TIA, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 14.

[81]      Assistant Commissioner Kevin Zuccato, AFP, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 27.

[82]      Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Integrity in Law Enforcement, http://www.aclei.gov.au/Pages/default.aspx (accessed 20 May 2013).

[83]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on ACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006, Final Report, July 2011, Recommendation 1, p. 9.

[84]      Mr Michael Ahrens, TIA, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 13.

[85]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on Law Enforcement, Inquiry into the gathering and use of criminal intelligence, Recommendation 11, May 2013, p. 93,

CHAPTER 8 - Corruption risks and integrity frameworks across Commonwealth agencies

[1]        Ms Alison Larkins, Office of the Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 20.

[2]        Ms Sarah Chidgey and Ms Susie Williamson, AGD, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, pp 8–9.

[3]        Mr Warren Day, ASIC, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 24.

[4]        Ms Jane Atkins, AUSTRAC, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 8.

[5]        Mr Blair Excell, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 9.

[6]        Assistant Commissioner Kevin Zuccato, AFP, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 5; Australian Federal Police, Submission 5, p. 4.

[7]        Australian Federal Police, Submission 5, p. 9.

[8]        Mr Greg Williams, ATO, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 6.

[9]        The AFP noted that Part V of the AFP Act is 'unique in the Commonwealth in providing a number of alternative remedies to criminal prosecution where misconduct occurs and places an emphasis on improving work conduct in appointees rather than apportioning punishment'. Answer to Question on Notice from the Australian Federal Police at a public hearing on 8 August 2012 (received 3 September 2012).

[10]      In addition to being bound by relevant criminal law, non-APS Commonwealth bodies including the AFP are subject to the requirements of enabling legislation and the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997. Answer to Question on Notice from the Australian Public Service Commission at a public hearing on 8 August 2012 (received 30 August 2012).

[11]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 5, p. 10.

[12]      Australian Federal Police, Answer to Question on Notice in response to Chair's letter of 18 January 2012 (received 24 February 2012).

[13]      Assistant Commissioner Kevin Zuccato, AFP, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, pp 2–3.

[14]      Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre, Submission 3, pp 2–3.

[15]      Ms Rona Mellor, DAFF, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 17.

[16]      Ms Rona Mellor, DAFF, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 17.

[17]      Ms Rona Mellor, DAFF, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 12.

[18]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Answer to Question on Notice at a public hearing on 11 May 2012.

[19]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Answer to Question on Notice at a public hearing on 11 May 2012.

[20]      Mr Luke Williams, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 4.

[21]      Mr Peter Scott, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 7.

[22]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 6.

[23]      Mr Peter Scott, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 6.

[24]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 2.

[25]      Mr Luke Williams, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 3.

[26]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 7.

[27]      Mr Laurie Dunn, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 10.

[28]      Answer to Question on Notice from Export Finance and Insurance Corporation at a public hearing on 11 May 2012 (received 25 May 2012).

[29]      Answer to Question on Notice from Australian Customs and Border Protection Service in response to the Chair's letter of 6 February 2012 (received 7 March 2012).

[30]      Answer to Question on Notice from Australian Customs and Border Protection Service in response to the Chair's letter of 6 February 2012 (received 7 March 2012).

[31]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 26.

[32]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 28.

[33]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 26.

[34]      Mr Laurie Dunn, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 9.

[35]      Mr Laurie Dunn, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 12.

[36]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, p. 9.

[37]      Mr Laurie Dunn, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 10.

[38]      These include Customs, the AFP, DAFF and DIAC. Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 28; Mr Michael Pezzullo, Customs, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 25.

[39]      Mr Paul Grigson and Mr Luke Williams, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, pp 1–2.

[40]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 28.

[41]      Mr Luke Williams, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 5.

[42]      Mr Todd Frew, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 12; Mr Luke Williams, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 4.

[43]      Mr Todd Frew of DIAC explained, 'locally engaged staff are required to comply with the DFAT code of conduct because they are DFAT employees'. Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 13.

[44]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 5, pp 10–11.

[45]      Ms Jo Evans, DAFF, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 18.

[46]      Mr Todd Frew, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 13.

[47]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, pp 6–7.

[48]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, pp 9–10.

[49]      Mr Todd Frew, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 17.

[50]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, p. 9.

[51]      Mr Todd Frew, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 12.

[52]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, p. 9.

[53]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, p. 10.

[54]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, p. 9.

[55]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, pp 11–12.

[56]      Mr Todd Frew, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 17.

[57]      Mr Todd Frew, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 13.

[58]      Mr Todd Frew, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 16.

[59]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 28.

[60]      Mr Laurie Dunn, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 10.

[61]      Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, p. 7.

[62]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 5, pp 14–15.

[63]      Assistant Commissioner Kevin Zuccato, AFP, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, p. 4.

[64]      Mr Paul Grigson, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 8.

CHAPTER 9

[1]        Griffith University & Transparency International 2005, Chaos or coherence? Strengths, opportunities and challenges for Australia’s integrity systems. National Integrity Systems Assessment Final Report, Key Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice and Governance, Griffith University & Transparency International, Australia.

[2]        Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 2.

[3]        Ms Alison Larkins, Office of the Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 20.

[4]        Mr Michael Ahrens, TIA, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 13.

[5]        Mr Howard Whitton, Submission 9, p. 3.

[6]        Transparency International, 'A Ten-Point Integrity Plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan', May 2012, Additional Information received at a public hearing on 8 August 2012, p. 12.

[7]        Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 4 October 2012, p. 8.

[8]        Scott Prasser, 'Australian integrity agencies in critical perspective', Policy Studies, Vol. 33, No. 1, January 2012, p. 25 received as Additional Information, Article 1, 26 July 2012.

[9]        Mr Luke Williams, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 6.

[10]      While overseas, staff receive Code of Conduct and Ethics training on a regular basis. Mr Todd Frew, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2012, pp 12–13; Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 4, p. 9.

[11]      Mr Laurie Dunn, AusAID, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 10.

[12]      Australian Federal Police, Submission 5, p. 11; Mr Philip Moss, Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 4.

[13]      Answer to Question on Notice from Australian Customs and Border Protection Service in response to the Chair's letter of 6 February 2012 (received 7 March 2012).

[14]      Ms Marcia Kimball, Austrade, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 27.

[15]      Ms Rona Mellor, DAFF, Committee Hansard, 16 March 2012, p. 17.

[16]      Mr John Pacey, EFIC, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 14.

[17]      Mr Howard Whitton, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 34.

[18]      Mr Howard Whitton, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 34.

[19]      Mr Howard Whitton, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 34.

[20]      Ms Diana Merryfull, Office of the Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 11 May 2012, p. 20.

[21]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Australia: Final Report, October 2012, p. 52.

[22]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Australia: Final Report, October 2012, p. 52.

[23]      Mr Michael Ahrens, TIA, Committee Hansard, 8 August 2012, p. 11.  

[24]      OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Australia: Final Report, October 2012, p.46.