Footnotes

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

[1]        The Hon. Brendan O'Connor MP, Minister for Home Affairs, House of Representatives Hansard, 4 February 2010, p. 3. Under Article 34 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child signatories undertake all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to protect children from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse.

[2]        The Hon. Brendan O'Connor MP, Minister for Home Affairs, House of Representatives Hansard, 4 February 2010, p. 3.

[3]        The Hon. Brendan O'Connor MP, Minister for Home Affairs, House of Representatives Hansard, 4 February 2010, p. 3.

[4]        'Carriage service' is defined in the Telecommunications Act 1997 to mean a service for carrying communications by means of guided and/or unguided electromagnetic energy (section 7).

[5]        The Hon. Brendan O'Connor MP, Minister for Home Affairs, House of Representatives Hansard, 4 February 2010, p. 3.

[6]        The Hon. Brendan O'Connor MP, Minister for Home Affairs, House of Representatives Hansard, 4 February 2010, p. 3.

CHAPTER 2 - OVERVIEW OF THE BILL

[1]        The explanatory memorandum (EM) advises that this is consistent with the general practice of transferring Commonwealth criminal offences enacted prior to 1995 into the Criminal Code.

[2]        For full details see the EM, pp 11-14.

[3]        Crimes Act 1914, sections 50BA, 50BB, 50BC and 50BD.

[4]        All references are to proposed sections unless otherwise indicated.

[5]        That is, subsections 272.8(1), 272.8(2), 272.9(1) and 272.9(2).

[6]        EM, p. 11.

[7]        These offences are based on sections 50DA and 50DB of the Crimes Act 1914.

[8]        EM, p. 38.

[9]        That is, an offence against sections 272.8, 272.9, 272.10, 272.11 and 272.18.

[10]      That is, an offence against sections 272.12 and 272.13.

[11]      EM, p. 44.

[12]      EM, p. 2.

[13]      EM, p. 49.

[14]      EM, p. 48.

[15]      That is, sections 273.5, 273.6 and 273.7.

[16]      For full details see EM, p. 59; and the Bill, pp 34-35.

[17]      EM, p. 60.

[18]      That is, sections 471.16 and 471.17.

[19]      EM, p. 63.

[20]      EM, p. 69.

[21]      EM, p. 79.

[22]      EM, p. 83.

[23]      EM, p. 89.

[24]      EM, p. 103.

[25]      For full details see EM, pp 106-129; and the Bill, pp 63-73.

[26]      EM, p. 114.

[27]      For full details see EM, pp 114-129.

CHAPTER 3 - KEY ISSUES

[1]        EM, p. 39.

[2]        EM, p. 11.

[3]        EM, p. 41.

[4]        Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 8.

[5]        Ms Helen Donovan, Law Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 6.

[6]        Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 9.

[7]        Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 8.

[8]        Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 8.

[9]        Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, pp 8, 9.

[10]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 9.

[11]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 10.

[12]      Ms Sarah Chidgey, Attorney-General's Department, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 10.

[13]      Ms Sarah Chidgey, Attorney-General's Department, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 10.

[14]      Ms Helen Donovan, Law Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 8.

[15]      Ms Helen Donovan, Law Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 8.

[16]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 12. The LCA's arguments on this issue were also identified as relevant to subsection 272.12(6), which creates a similar offence for causing a young person to engage in sexual activity in the presence of the defendant, where the defendant is in a position of trust or authority.

[17]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 12.

[18]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 12.

[19]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 12.

[20]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 13.

[21]      In simple terms, a legal burden would require the defendant to prove the issue (that is, lack of intent to derive sexual gratification) on the balance of probabilities. An evidential burden would require the defendant to put forward enough evidence to allow the issue to be examined by the court. The prosecution would then have to disprove that evidence (beyond reasonable doubt).

[22]      EM, p. 20.

[23]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 13.

[24]      Ms Sarah Chidgey, Attorney-General's Department, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 10.

[25]      Ms Sarah Chidgey, Attorney-General's Department, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 10.

[26]      In simple terms, double jeopardy is the prosecution of a defendant for an offence for which he or she has already been tried and convicted or acquitted.

[27]      EM, p. 26.

[28]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 14.

[29]      Ms Sarah Chidgey, Attorney-General's Department, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 10.

[30]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 15.

[31]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 15.

[32]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 16.

[33]      Ms Sarah Chidgey, Attorney-General's Department, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 10-11.

[34]      Ms Sarah Chidgey, Attorney-General's Department, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 10.

[35]      Dr Dan Svantesson, Australian Privacy Foundation, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 2.

[36]      Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission 5, p. 3.

[37]      Dr Dan Svantesson, Australian Privacy Foundation, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 2.

[38]      Dr Dan Svantesson, Australian Privacy Foundation, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 2.

[39]      Dr Roger Clarke, Australian Privacy Foundation, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 3.

[40]      EM, p. 45.

[41]      EM, p. 44.

[42]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 17.

[43]      Ms Helen Donovan, Co-Director, Law Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard,

          9 March 2010, p. 6.

[44]      EM, p. 37.

[45]      Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 6.

[46]      Ms Helen Donovan, Law Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 March 2010, p. 9.

[47]      Attorney-General's Department, Answer to question on notice, 11 March 2010, p. 2.

[48]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 20.

[49]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 20.

[50]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 8, p. 20.

[51]      Attorney-General's Department, Answer to question on notice, 11 March 2010, p. 2.

[52]      Attorney-General's Department, Answer to question on notice, 11 March 2010, p. 2.

[53]      Attorney-General's Department, Answer to question on notice, 11 March 2010, p. 2.

[54]      Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee, Inquiry into Crimes Legislation Amendment (Child Sex Tourism Offences and Related Measures) Bill 2007[Provisions], October 2007, p. 21.