Footnotes
Preface
[1]
See, for example, Dennis Rumley et al. (eds), Australia's Arc
of Instability: The Political and Culural Dynamics of Regional Security,
Springer, The Netherlands, pp.11-22
[2]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, A
Pacific engaged. August 2003
Chapter 1 - Introduction
[1]
National Farmers' Federation, Submission 35, Appendix D
[2]
Australian Financial Review, 21 November 2005, p.8
[3]
Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission 55, p.1
[4]
Horticulture Australia Limited, Submission 11, p.7
[5]
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Submission 51,
pp.1-10; Trends in Australian Agriculture, Productivity Commission, June
2005, pp.xvii-xli
[6]
Certifying bodies differ between jurisdictions, but frequently take the
form of economic development boards, state and territory government authorities
and departments or chambers of commerce
[7]
Nic Maclellan and Peter Mares, Remittances and Labour Mobility in the
Pacific: A working paper on seasonal work programs in Australia for Pacific
Islanders, Swinburne University Institute of Technology, Institute for
Social Research, p. 27
[8]
According to the DIMA website, visa holders have a
condition limiting work with each employer to 3 months. However, it then states
that all visa holders have been granted permission to work for up to 6 months
with each employer
[9] Seasonal work is defined as being any type of work that is seasonal in
nature or that is undertaken as the employee of a primary producer, including plant and animal cultivation, fishing and pearling, or tree
farming and felling. This work need not be paid work. Seasonal work must be
undertaken in a prescribed postcode, and thus identified as regional by the
Department
[10]
See, for example, Mr Tom Martin, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2006, p.42
[11]
Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Submission 43,
p.9
[12]
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Submission 42, p.3
[13]
Maclellan and Mares, op cit, pp.27-30
[14]
ibid, p.29
[15]
Tanya Basok, Tortillas and Tomatoes: transmigrant Mexican harvesters in
Canada, McGill-Queens Press, 2003, p.146, quoted in Maclellan and
Mares op cit p.27
[16]
Peter Mares, Submission 19, p.19
[17]
Dr Kerry Preibisch, Social Relations Practices between Seasonal
Agricultural Workers, their Employers, and the Residents of Rural Ontario,
Executive Summary, The North-South Institute, p.8. The study referred to was
conducted by Stevens Associates in 2003.
[18]
Peter Mares, Submission 19, p.19, drawing on personal
interviews conducted with representatives from the Ontario Fruit and Vegetable
Growers Association
[19]
Maclellan and Mares, op cit, p.28
[20]
The Australian, Howard, Clark shut out seasonal workers,
26 October 2005, p.6
[21]
The Age, Costello rules out importing islanders, 5 July 2006, p.6
[22]
Terrie Walmsley, Amer Ahmed and Christopher Parsons, op cit, p.21
[23]
Between 85 per cent and 90 per cent of Canada's foreign labourers work in Ontario
[24]
Foreign Agricultural Management Services (FARMS) Regional Report, Caribbean/Mexican
Seasonal Agricultural Workers Programs as of 31 December 2004, referred to in Maclellan and Mares, op cit, p.30
[25]
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2004, p.130
[26]
United Kingdom Home Office, Review of the Seasonal Agricultural
Workers' Scheme 2002, cited in Maclellan and Mares, op cit, p.31
[27]
The World Bank, at Home and Away, 2006, p.133
Chapter 2 - The question of labour shortages in horticulture
[1] Mr
Noel Sims, Committee Hansard, Renmark, 22 March 2006, p.5
[2] Mr
Richard Hamley, Committee Hansard, Renmark, 22 March 2006, p.17
[3] Horticulture
Australia Limited, Submission 11, p.15
[4] Growcom,
Submission 9, p.3-4
[5] Riverland
Development Corporation, Submission 6, Appendix 2
[6] Mr
Geoffrey Beecroft, Submission 50, p.1
[7] Mr
Geoff Beecroft, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 6 October 2006, pp. 1-4
[8] Swan
Hill Rural City Council, Submission 10, p.1
[9] Riverina
Citrus, Submission 17, p.2
[10] Mr Richard
Hamley, Committee Hansard, Renmark, 22 March 2006, p.16
[11] The
World Bank, at Home and Away, 2006, p.127
[12] Australian
Financial Review, 21 November 2005, p.8
[13] Mr Jim
O'Connor, Submission 1, p.4
[14] Sunraysia
Citrus Growers Inc., Submission 23, p.3
[15] Mr Noel
Sims, Committee Hansard, Renmark, 22 March 2006, p.8
[16] Growcom,
Submission 9, p.8
[17] Mr Maxwell
Polwarth, Committee Hansard, Mildura, 21 March 2006, p.31
[18] DEWR,
Submission 30, Attachment D, p.29
[19] Australian
Bureau of Statistics Labour Force Data (cat.6291.055.011)
[20] Horticulture
Australia, Submission 11, pp.18-19
[21] Growcom,
Submission 9, p.10
[22] The
World Bank, at Home and Away, op cit, p.105
[23] Mr Peter
Crisp, Committee Hansard, Mildura, 21 March 2006, p.38
[24] Reproduced
from at Home and Away, op cit, Figure 4.3, p.107
[25] Riverland
Development Corporation, Submission 6, Appendix 2, p.2
[26] Horticulture
Australia, Submission 11, p.20
[27] Mr Noel
Sims, Committee Hansard, Renmark, 22 March 2006, p.3
[28] Mr Ross
Wall, Committee Hansard, Shepparton, 24 March 2006, p.32-33
[29] Worktrainers
Ltd, Submission 1, p.6
[30] Mr John
Berto, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 5 June 2006, p.35
[31] Mr Anthony
Rossignuolo, Committee Hansard, Shepparton, 24 March 2006, p.35
[32] Mr Peter
Crisp, Committee Hansard, Mildura, 21 March 2006, p.43
[33] Mr Geoff Beecroft,
Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 6 October 2006, pp. 2-3
[34] Ms Mary
Anne Maloney, Committee Hansard, Mildura, 21 March 2006, p.32
[35] Mr Joe
Fangaloka, Committee Hansard, Robinvale, 23 March 2006, p.25
[36] Mr Stephen
Lynch, Committee Hansard, Mildura, 21 March 2006, p.2
[37] at
Home and Away, op cit, pp.113-114
[38] Peter
Mares, 'Profiting from seasonal labour', Canberra Times, 30 March 2005, p.9
Chapter 3 - Labour from the South Pacific
[1]
Core Group Recommendation Report for a White Paper on Australia's aid
program, AusAID 2005, p.69
[2]
Core Group Recommendations Report, Companion Volume, AusAID, December
2005, p.8-7, drawn originally from Advancing the National Interest,
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, February 2003, Chapter 7.
[3]
See, for instance, Core Group Recommendations Report, p.21
[4]
Australian Aid: Promoting Growth and Stability, A White Paper on the
Australian Government's Overseas Aid Program, AusAID, 2006, p.29
[5]
Core Group Report, op cit, p. vi
[6]
Australian Aid, op cit, p.29
[7]
Nic Maclellan and Peter Mares, Remittances and Labour Mobility in the
Pacific; a working paper on seasonal work programs in Australia for Pacific
Islanders, Institute for Social Research, Swinburne University of
Technology, 2006, p.6
[8]
Terrie Walmsley, S. Amer Ahmed, and Christopher Parsons, The Impact
of Liberalizing Labour Mobility in the Pacific Region, Asian Development
Bank-Commonwealth Secretariat Joint Report to the Pacific Island Forum
Secretariat, Pacific Studies Series, Volume 3, Working Paper 17, p.4
[9]
Maclellan and Mares, op cit.
[10]
Australian Aid, op cit, p.29
[11]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, A
Pacific Engaged: Australia's relations with Papua New
Guinea and the island states of the South-West Pacific, August
2003, p.13
[12]
Terrie Walmsley, S. Amer Ahmed, and Christopher Parsons, op cit,
p.2
[13]
AusAID, Submission 42, p.5
[14]
Professor Ron Duncan and James Gilling, Core Group Recommendations
Report, Companion Volume, AusAID 2005, p.8-14
[15]
The 2.1 per cent fertility rate combines Migration, Mortality and Birth
Rates – see Helen Ware: “Pacific instability and youth bulges: the devil in the
demography and the economy”, paper to the 12th biennial conference
of the Australian Population Association, 15-17 September 2004, Canberra,
quoted in NicMacllen, Submission 32, p.3
[16]
Global Economic Prospects; Economic Implications of Remittances and
Migration 2006, The World Bank, Washington, 2006, p.xiii
[17]
Dr Manjula Luthria, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 23 August 2006, p.40
[18]
Professor Richard Brown, Committee Hansard, Brisbane, 19 April 2006, p.27
[19]
Maclellan and Mares, op cit, p.12, 13. The Global Economic
Prospects Report, op cit, reported on econometric analysis which
estimated that official, reported remittance flows underestimated the real
amount by at least 50 per cent
[20]
Home and Away: expanding job opportunities for Pacific islanders
through labour mobility, The World Bank, 2006
[21]
H.M Lee, Tongans only want our money: the children of Tongan migrants,
paper presented to the SSGM conference on Globalisation, Governance in the Pacific
Islands, October 2005
[22]
Professor Richard Brown, Committee Hansard, op cit, p.29
[23]
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Submission 42, p.6
[24]
Horticulture Australia, Submission 11, p.35
[25]
Professor Richard Brown, Committee Hansard, op.cit, pp 34-35
[26]
Home and Away, op cit, p.124
[27]
ibid, p.49
[28]
Helen Hughes and Gaurav Sodhi, 'Should Australia and New Zealand Open
Their Doors to Guest Workers From the Pacific?', CIS Policy Monograph 72, 2006,
pp.21-22
[29]
Mr Edward Sulikowski, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 22 August 2006, p.17
[30]
Terrie Walmsley, Amer Ahmed and Christopher Parsons, The impact of
liberalising labour mobility in the Pacific region, Asian Development Bank,
ADB Public Studies Series, Volume 3, Working Paper no.71, p.7
[31]
Dr Manjula Luthria, Committee Hansard, Wednesday 23 August 2006, p.43
[32]
ibid
[33]
AusAID, Submission 42, p.1-2, Mares and Maclellan, op cit,
pp.19-22
[34]
https://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/fadt_ctte/completed_inquiries/2002-04/png/index.htm
[35]
Government Response to the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade
References Committee Report, 'A Pacific Engaged: Australia's Relations with
Papua New Guinea and the Island States of the South- West Pacific', tabled
24 June 2005, p.7, available at https://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/fadt_ctte/completed_inquiries/2002-04/png/index.htm
[36]
AusAID, Submission 42, p.2
[37]
Terrie Walmsley, S. Amer Ahmed, and Christopher Parsons, op cit,
p.29. See also para. 1.26.
Chapter 4 - Practicalities of a seasonal contract labour scheme
[1]
Mr James O'Connor, CEO Worktrainers Ltd, Committee Hansard, Shepparton,
24 March, 2006, p.15
[2]
Dr Satis Chand, Labour mobility for sustainable livelihood in Pacific
island states, November 2004, p.15
[3]
Mr James O'Connor, Committee Hansard, Shepparton, 24 March 2006, p.17
[4]
Mr Anthony Peardon, Committee Hansard , Shepparton, 24 March 2006, p.7
[5]
Mr James O'Connor, Committee Hansard, Shepparton, 24 March 2006, p. 20
[6]
Rev Evan Harris, Committee Hansard, Robinvale, 23 March 2006, p. 42
Senator Barnett's supplementary comments
[1]
See, for example, Mrs Denita Wawn, Committee Hansard, 22 August 2006, pp. 26-7. See also committee report, para. 2.49.
[2]
Committee report, paras. 1.19 and 1.20. See also Working Holiday
Makers Benefiting Australia, Department of Immigration and Multicultural
Affairs, Immigration Facts No. 18.
[3]
World Bank, At Home and Away, p.105.
[4]
Tanya Basok, as quoted in Mares and Maclellan, Remittances and Labour
Mobility in the Pacific; a working paper on seasonal work programs in Australia
for Pacific Islanders, Institute of Social Research, Swinburne University,
p.27. See also committee report paras 1.24-1.30
[5]
Mr Peter Mares, Submission 19, p.19
[6]
Mrs Denita Wawn, Committee Hansard, 22 August 2006, p. 25
Appendix 3 - The Canadian program for foreign agricultural labour
[1]
This overview is heavily informed by information contained in Peter
Mares, Submission 19