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Footnotes
Chapter 2 - The character of organised crime groups in Australia
[1] For the
purposes of this inquiry the relevant definition of organised crime is
contained in section 4 of the Australian Crime Commission Act 2002,
which is set out in appendix 5.
[2] Australian
Institute of Criminology, 'The worldwide fight against transnational organised crime',
Technical and Background Paper, no.9, 2004, p. 6.
[3] Australian
Crime Commission, Submission 17, p. 4.
[4] The
committee notes that paedophilia is the exception. Paedophilia is discussed in
more detail in chapter 3.
[5] Attorney-General's
Department, Submission 21, p. 3.
[6] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 35.
[7] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 24
[8] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p.55.
[9] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 15.
[10] Submission
17, p. 5.
[11] Australian
Institute of Criminology, 'The worldwide fight against transnational organised crime',
Technical and Background Paper, no.9, 2004, p. 6.
[12] Frank Costigan
QC, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 42.
[13] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 10.
[14] Submission
7, p. 4.
[15] Submission
20, p. 4.
[16] Mr Christopher
Keen, Director, Intelligence, Queensland Crime and Misconduct Commission, Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 44.
[17] NSW Police
Force, Submission 20, p. 4.
[18] Mr Christopher
Keen, Director, Intelligence, Queensland Crime and Misconduct Commission, Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 44.
[19] Mr Christopher
Keen, Director, Intelligence, Queensland Crime and Misconduct Commission,
Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 44.
[20] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 66.
[21] Corruption
and Crime Commission of Western Australia, Report to the Joint Standing
Committee on the Corruption and Crime Commission with regard to the
commission's organised crime function and contempt powers, December 2005,
p. 2.
[22] NSW Police
Force, Submission 20, p. 3.
[23] Australian
Crime Commission, Submission 17, p. 5.
[24] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 2.
[25] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 15.
[26] Committee
Hansard, 30 April 2007, p. 12.
[27] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 16.
[28] Assistant
Commissioner Tony Harrison, Crime Service, South Australia Police, Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 16.
[29] Assistant
Commissioner Tony Harrison, Crime Service, South Australia Police, Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 16.
[30] Assistant
Commissioner Wayne Gregson, Portfolio Head, Specialist Crime Portfolio, Western
Australia Police, Committee Hansard, 30 April 2007, p. 11.
[31] Mr Alastair Milroy,
Chief Executive Officer, Australian Crime Commission, Committee Hansard,
6 July 2007, p. 29.
[32] Assistant
Commissioner Tony Harrison, Crime Service, South Australia Police, Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 16.
[33] Commissioner
Ken Moroney, NSW Police Force, Committee Hansard, 8 June 2007, p. 2.
[34] Detective
Superintendent Kim Porter, Divisional Superintendent, Western Australia
Police, Committee Hansard, 30 April 2007, p. 18.
[35] Queensland
Crime and Misconduct Commission, Submission 8, p. 9.
[36] Committee
Hansard, 30 April 2007, p. 12.
[37] This
represents a shift away from heroin.
[38] Commissioner
Ken Moroney, NSW Police Force, Committee Hansard, 8 June 2007, p. 2.
[39] Submission
15, p. 2.
[40] Submission 15, p. 3.
[41] Submission
8, p. 9.
[42] Submission
17, p. 6.
[43] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 34.
[44] Mr Michael Monaghan,
Deputy Commissioner, Australian Taxation Office, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007, pp 29-30.
[45] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 67.
[46] Corruption
and Crime Commission of Western Australia, 'Report to the Joint Standing
Committee on the Corruption and Crime Commission with regard to the
commission's organised crime function and contempt powers', December 2005, p.
9.
[47] Assistant
Commissioner Tony Harrison, Crime Service, South Australia Police, Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 15.
[48] Professor Rod
Broadhurst, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, pp 65-67.
[49] Australian
Crime Commission, Submission 17, p. 6.
[50] Professor Rod
Broadhurst, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 64.
[51] Assistant
Commissioner Tony Harrison, Crime Service, South Australia Police, Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 15.
[52] Submission
21, p.5.
[53] Submission
16, p. 5.
[54] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 1.
[55] Professor Rod
Broadhurst, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 60.
[56] Professor Rod
Broadhurst, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 68.
[57] Submission
16, p. 3.
[58] Submission
21, p. 4.
[59] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 45.
[60] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 44.
Chapter 3 - Future trends in serious and organised crime
[1] This report
uses the term 'high-tech crime' as opposed to 'cybercrime'.
[2] Professor
Rod Broadhurst, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 67.
[3] 'Phishing'
is the act of 'sending an email to a user falsely claiming to be an established
legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the user into surrendering private
information that will be used for identity theft. The email directs the user to
visit a website where they are asked to update personal information, such as
passwords and credit card, social security, and bank account numbers, that the
legitimate organisation already has. The website, however, is bogus and set up
only to steal the user’s information': Australian High Tech Crime Centre, http://www.ahtcc.gov.au/glossary/,
viewed 5 September 2007.
[4] Deputy
Commissioner John Lawler, National Security, Australian Federal Police, Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 70.
[5] The
committee notes the recent release by the Australian Institute of Criminology
of the paper 'The future of technology-enabled crime in Australia', Trends
& issues in crime and criminal justice, no. 341, July 2007.
[6] Commissioner
Mick Keelty, Australian Federal Police, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007,
p. 53.
[7] Submission
4, p. 2.
[8] Professor
Rod Broadhurst, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 65.
[9] Australian
Crime Commission, Submission 17, p. 8.
[10] Mr Rob
McCusker, Research Analyst, Transnational Crime, Australian Institute of
Criminology, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 89.
[11] Mr Rob
McCusker, Research Analyst, Transnational Crime, Australian Institute of
Criminology, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 89.
[12] Australian
Institute of Criminology, Submission 4, p. 2.
[13] Commissioner
Mick Keelty, Australian Federal Police, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007,
p. 53.
[14] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 53.
[15] Deputy
Commissioner John Lawler, National Security, Australian Federal Police, Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 66.
[16] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 2.
[17] 'Botnet' is
jargon for a collection of software robots, or bots, which run autonomously. A
botnet's originator can control the group remotely, usually for nefarious
purposes. A botnet can comprise a collection of compromised computers running
programs—referred to as worms, Trojan horses, or backdoors—under a common
command and control infrastructure: Australian High Tech Crime Centre, http://www.ahtcc.gov.au/glossary/#botnet,
viewed 5/09/2007.
[18] Professor
Rod Broadhurst, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 67.
[19] ABC Radio
National, 'Your money dot con', Background Briefing, 24 June 2007,
transcript, p. 4.
[20] ABC Radio
National, 'Your money dot con', Background Briefing, 24 June 2007,
transcript, p.18.
[21] Submission
21, p. 6.
[22] Submission
21, p. 6.
[23] Professor
Rod Broadhurst, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 69.
[24] Commissioner
Mick Keelty, Australian Federal Police, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007,
p. 53.
[25] Australian
Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre, Submission 10, p. 4.
[26] Submission
4, p. 2.
[27] Australian
Crime Commission, Submission 17, p. 8.
[28] Australian
Institute of Criminology, Submission 4, p. 2.
[29] Submission
10.
[30] NSW Police
Force, Submission 20, p. 3.
[31] Attorney-General's
Department, Submission 21, p. 7.
[32] The
committee notes that Commissioner Ken Moroney has since retired from the NSW
Police Force and acknowledges the long and valuable service he has given to law
enforcement.
[33] Committee
Hansard, 7 June, 2007, p. 3.
[34] Submission
8, p. 6.
[35] Queensland
Crime and Misconduct Commission, Submission 6, p. 1.
[36] Mr Rob
McCusker, Research Analyst, Transnational Crime, Australian Institute of
Criminology, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 95.
[37] NSW Police
Force, Submission 20, p. 2.
[38] Submission
7, p. 6.
[39] Submission
6, p. 1.
[40] Western
Australia Police, Submission 15, p. 3.
[41] NSW Police Force, Submission 20,
p. 4.
[42] Office of
the Director of Public Prosecutions South Australia, Submission 6, p. 1.
[43] Queensland
Crime and Misconduct Commission, Submission 8, p. 5.
[44] Detective
Chief Superintendent Ross Barnett, Queensland Police Service, Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 2.
[45] Parliamentary
Joint Committee on the Australian Crime Commission, Cybercrime, March 2004,
p. 41.
[46] Mr Rob
McCusker, Research Analyst, Transnational Crime, Australian Institute of
Criminology, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 95.
[47] Ms Jennie
Granger, Second Commissioner of Taxation, Australian Taxation Office, Committee
Hansard, 2007, 5 July 2007, p. 24.
[48] Ms Jennie
Granger, Second Commissioner of Taxation, Australian Taxation Office, Committee
Hansard, 2007, 5 July 2007, p. 25.
[49] Ms Jennie
Granger, Second Commissioner of Taxation, Australian Taxation Office, Committee
Hansard, 2007, 5 July 2007, p. 27.
[50] Submission
17, p. 7.
[51] Corruption
and Crime Commission of Western Australia, 'Organised crime report to the Joint
Standing Committee on the Corruption and Crime Commission', December 2005, p.
2.
[52] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 44.
[53] Detective
Chief Superintendent Ross Barnett, Queensland Police Service, Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 10.
[54] Parliamentary
Joint Committee on the Australian Crime Commission, Inquiry into the
manufacture, importation and use of amphetamines and other synthetic drugs
(AOSD) in Australia, 28 February 2007, pp 10-20.
[55] Detective
Superintendent Stephan Gollschewski, Queensland Police Service, Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, pp 29-30.
[56] Detective
Chief Superintendent Barnett, Queensland Police Service, Committee Hansard,
7 June 2007, p. 1.
[57] Detective
Chief Superintendent Barnett, Queensland Police Service, Committee Hansard,
7 June 2007, p. 2.
[58] Commissioner
Ken Moroney, NSW Police Force, Committee Hansard, 8 June 2007, p. 2.
[59] Detective
Superintendent Stephan Gollschewski, Queensland Police Service, Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 24.
[60] For a
detailed examination of the AOSD market in Australia see Parliamentary Joint
Committee on the Australian Crime Commission, Inquiry into the manufacture,
importation and use of amphetamines and other synthetic drugs (AOSD) in
Australia, February 2007.
[61] Detective
Superintendent Barnett, Queensland Police Service, Committee Hansard, 7
June 2007, p. 2.
[62] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 66.
[63] Professor
Rod Broadhurst, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 55.
[64] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, pp 33-34.
[65] Committee
Hansard, 8 June 2007, p. 52.
Chapter 4 - Strategies for countering future serious and organised crime
[1] South
Australia Police, Submission 7, pp 15-16.
[2] Australian
Federal Police, Submission 16, p. 5.
[3] NSW Police
Force, Submission 20, p. 4.
[4] Australian
Crime Commission, Submission 17, p. 12.
[5]
Submission 17, p. 14.
Chapter 5 - The cost of countering future organised crime
[1] Western
Australia Police, Submission 15, p. 4.
[2] Western
Australia Police, Submission 15, p. 4.
[3] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 36.
[4] Submission 10, p. 3.
[5] Australian
Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre, Submission 10, p. 6.
[6] The Australian
Crime Commission replaced the National Crime Authority in 2003; the committee
has used the latter's budget figures for 1997-98.
[7] CrimTrac
was established in 2002.
[8] The committee
notes that accrual accounting was introduced after the 1997-98 financial year.
[9] Australian
Federal Police, Australian Federal Police Annual Report 1997-98, p. 16, http://www.afp.gov.au/about/publications/annual_reports/afp.html,
viewed 3 September 2007.
[10] National
Crime Authority, National Crime Authority Annual Report 1997-98, p. 61.
[11] Australian
Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre, AUSTRAC Annual Report 1998-99,
p. 155, http://www.austrac.gov.au/annual_report.html, viewed 3 September 2007. Note there is no online report for 1997-98. However, the figure for
1997-98 is quoted in the 1998-99 annual report, and it is this figure which has
been used.
[12] Attorney-General's
Department, Portfolio Budget Statement 2007-08, http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/AllDocs/A47E49EA0B93FFE8CA2572D50006682E?OpenDocument,
viewed 3 September 2007.
[13] Attorney-General's
Department, Portfolio Budget Statement for the ACC 2007-08, p. 106, http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/AllDocs/A47E49EA0B93FFE8CA2572D50006682E?OpenDocument,
viewed 3 September 2007.
[14] Attorney-General's
Department, Portfolio Budget Statement for the AFP 2007-08, p. 167, http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/AllDocs/A47E49EA0B93FFE8CA2572D50006682E?OpenDocument,
viewed 3 September 2007.
[15] Attorney-General's
Department, Portfolio Budget Statement for AUSTRAC 2007-08, p. 256, http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/AllDocs/A47E49EA0B93FFE8CA2572D50006682E?OpenDocument,
viewed 3 September 2007.
[16] Attorney-General's
Department, Portfolio Budget Statement for CrimTrac 2007-08, p. 299, http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/AllDocs/A47E49EA0B93FFE8CA2572D50006682E?OpenDocument,
viewed 3 September 2007. The allocation for CrimTrac is predicated on CrimTrac
raising $39,692 million in services sold.
[17] This figure does
not include the amounts for additional estimates; however, the committee does
not consider this likely to have a significant effect.
[18] Parliamentary
Joint Committee on the Australian Crime Commission, Inquiry into the
manufacture, importation and use of amphetamines and other synthetic drugs
(AOSD) in Australia, 28 February 2007.
[19] Submission
7, p. 5.
[20] Submission
15, p. 4.
[21] Detective
Chief Superintendent Ross Barnett, Queensland Police Service, Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 25.
[22] Mr Mike Silverstone,
Executive Director, Corruption and Crime Commission of Western Australia, Committee
Hansard, 30 April 2007, p. 26.
[23] NSW Police
Force, Submission 20; Australian Crime Commission, Submission 17;
Australian Federal Police, Submission 16.
[24] Submission
15, p. 4.
[25] Submission
5, p. 3.
[26] Assistant
Commissioner Wayne Gregson, Portfolio Head, Specialist Crime Portfolio, Western
Australia Police, Committee Hansard, 30 April 2007, p. 3.
[27] Detective
Superintendent Kim Porter, Divisional Superintendent, Organised Crime
Division, Western Australia Police, Committee Hansard, 30 April 2007, p. 18.
[28] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 32.
[29] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 20.
[30] Commissioner
Ken Moroney, NSW Police Force, Committee Hansard, 8 June 2007, p. 10.
[31] Ms Catherine
Smith, Assistant Secretary, Telecommunications and Surveillance Law Branch,
Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 13-14.
[32] Ms Catherine
Smith, Assistant Secretary, Telecommunications and Surveillance Law Branch,
Attorney-General's Department, Attorney-General's Department, Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 14.
[33] Mr Athol Moffitt,
A quarter to midnight, the Australian crisis: organised crime
and the decline of the institutions of state, Angus and Robertson, Sydney,
1985, p. 6.
[34] Australian
Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre, Submission 10, p. 4.
[35] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 13.
[36] Submission
16, p. 2.
[37] Dr George Gilligan,
'Financial crime in Australia', Economic Affairs, vol. 27, no.1, March
2007, pp 10-13.
[38] Australian
Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre, Submission 10, p. 4.
[39] Mr Athol Moffitt,
A quarter to midnight, the Australian crisis: organised crime
and the decline of the institutions of state, Angus and Robertson, Sydney,
1985, p.11.
[40] Friends and
Families for Drug Law Reform, Submission 5, Parliamentary Joint
Committee on the National Crime Authority, Australian Crime Commission
Establishment Bill 2002, 6 November 2002, p. ii.
[41] For a
detailed examination of the AOSD market in Australia see Parliamentary Joint
Committee on the Australian Crime Commission, Inquiry into the manufacture,
importation and use of amphetamines and other synthetic drugs (AOSD) in Australia,
February 2007.
[42] Parliamentary
Joint Commission on the Australian Crime Commission, Inquiry into the
manufacture, importation and use of amphetamines and other synthetic drugs
(AOSD) in Australia, February 2007, p. 47.
[43] Associate
Professor Janie Sheridan, 'Methamphetamines and Injury', Anex Australasian
Amphetamines Conference, 29 September 2006.
[44] Parliamentary
Joint Commission on the Australian Crime Commission, Inquiry into the
manufacture, importation and use of amphetamines and other synthetic drugs
(AOSD) in Australia, February 2007, p. 47.
[45] Ms Shona
Morrison, 'Approaching organised crime: where are we now and where are we
going?', Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, no. 231, Australian
Institute of Criminology, 2002, p.1 (footnotes omitted).
[46] Commissioner
Ken Moroney, NSW Police Force, Committee Hansard, 8 June 2007, p. 11.
[47] Australian
Crime Commission, Australian Crime Commission Annual Report 2005-06, p.
10.
Chapter 6 - The adequacy of legislative arrangements
[1] Submission
16, pp 7-8.
[2] Submission
17, p. 16.
[3] Submission
11, pp 1-2.
[4] Australian
Crime Commission Act 2002, section 30.
[5] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 41.
[6] Attorney-General's
Department, http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/Page/Crimeprevention_ReviewofspecificprovisionsoftheNationalCrimeAuthorityAct1984andtheAustralianCrimeCommissionAct2002,
viewed 6 July 2007.
[7] Mr Alastair
Milroy, Chief Executive Officer, Australian Crime Commission, Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 42.
[8] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 42.
[9] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 43.
[10] Crime and
Misconduct Commission Act 2001, section 199(4).
[11] Crime and
Misconduct Commission Act 2001, subsection 199(10).
[12] Mr William Boulton,
Examiner, Australian Crime Commission, Committee Hansard, 6 July 2007, pp 42-43.
[13] Parliamentary
Joint Committee on the Australian Crime Commission, Review of the Australian
Crime Commission Act 2002, November 2005, p. 42.
[14] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 65.
[15] For
circumstances concerning security matters, the Attorney-General issues the
warrants under section 9 of the TI Act.
[16] Submission
14, p.6.
[17] Submission
14, p.6.
[18] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 101.
[19] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 101.
[20] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 101.
[21] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 101.
[22] Submission
14, p. 6.
[23] Senate
Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Entry, Search and Seizure Provisions in
Commonwealth Legislation, http://www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/scrutiny/entrysearch/report/c04.htm,
viewed 18 July 2007.
[24] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 3.
[25] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 5.
[26] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 12.
[27] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 13.
[28] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 35.
[29] Submission
10, pp 6-7.
[30] Submission
10, p.7. The Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) is 'an
inter-governmental body whose purpose is the development and promotion of national
and international policies to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. The
FATF was established in 1989 by the G7 and Australia was a founding member. The
FATF currently has 33 members, of which two are regional organisations':
Attorney-General's Department, http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/Page/Anti-moneylaundering_TheFATFsmutualevaluationofAustralia,
viewed 16 July 2007.
[31] Australian
Transaction and Reports Centre, Submission 10, p. 7.
[32] Financial
Action Task Force on Money Laundering, Third mutual evaluation report on
anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism, 14 October 2005.
[33] Australian
Transaction and Reports Centre, Submission 10, p. 7.
[34] Mr Tom Sherman,
'Report on the independent review of the operation of the Proceeds of Crime
Act 2002 (Cth)', July 2006, p. 6.
[35] House
Hansard, 13 March 2002, p. 1,113.
[36] Submission
2, p. 1.
[37] Australian
Crime Commission, Australian Crime Commission Annual Report 2005-06,
October 2006, p. 40.
[38] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 16.
[39] Mr Tom Sherman,
'Report on the independent review of the operation of the Proceeds of Crime
Act 2002 (Cth)', July 2006, p. 16.
[40] Mr Tom Sherman,
'Report on the independent review of the operation of the Proceeds of Crime
Act 2002 (Cth)', July 2006, p. 14.
[41] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 16.
[42] Mr Tom Sherman,
'Report on the independent review of the operation of the Proceeds of Crime
Act 2002 (Cth)', July 2006, p. 23.
[43] Mr Tom Sherman,
'Report on the independent review of the operation of the Proceeds of Crime
Act 2002 (Cth)', July 2006, p. 23.
[44] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 16.
[45] Mr Tom Sherman,
'Report on the independent review of the operation of the Proceeds of Crime
Act 2002 (Cth)', July 2006, p. 24.
[46] Professor Rod
Broadhurst, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, pp 59-60.
[47] Mr Bob
Bottom, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 36; Mr
Christopher Keen, Director, Intelligence, Queensland Crime and Misconduct
Commission, Committee Hansard 7 June 2007, p. 57; Racketeer
Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, 18 USC § (1968).
[48] Racketeer
Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, 18 USC § (1968).
[49] Racketeer
Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, 18 USC § (1968).
[50] Mr Jeffrey Grell,
http://www.ricoact.com/, viewed 10 August 2007.
[51] Mr Jeffrey Grell,
http://www.ricoact.com/, viewed 10 August 2007.
[52] Assistant
Commissioner Tony Harrison, Crime Service, South Australia Police, Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 22.
[53] Assistant
Commissioner Tony Harrison, Crime Service, South Australia Police, Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 23.
[54] Mr Bob Bottom,
Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 38.
[55] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 37.
[56] Committee
Hansard, 8 June 2007, p. 6.
[57] Assistant
Commissioner Graeme Morgan, Commander, State Crime Command, NSW Police Force, Committee
Hansard, 8 June 2007, p. 7.
[58] Committee
Hansard, 8 June 2007, p. 7.
[59] The
committee notes that Mr Andrew Scipione is now Commissioner of the NSW Police
Force.
[60] Committee
Hansard, 8 June 2007, p. 16.
[61] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 22.
[62] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 22.
[63] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 23.
[64] Assistant
Commissioner Tony Harrison, Crime Service, South Australia Police, Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 23.
[65] Professor Rod
Broadhurst, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 59.
[66] Professor Rod
Broadhurst, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 59.
[67] Professor Rod
Broadhurst, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 59.
[68] Professor Rod
Broadhurst, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 64.
[69] Bill C-95, 2nd
session, 35th Parliament, Canada: Canadian Parliament,
http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=2329667&Language=e&Mode=1&File=11,
viewed 10 August 2007.
[70] Reproduced
in Professor Hisao Katoh, 'Corruption in the Economic World in Japan', Keio University
website,
http://www.law.keio.ac.jp/~hkatoh/CORRUPTIONINTHEECONOMICWORLDINJAPAN.htm,
viewed 10 August 2007.
[71] ABC Radio, 'Father
urges Melbourne shooter to come forward', The World Today, 27 June 2007, http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2007/s1956695.htm, transcript, viewed
10 August 2007.
[72] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 17.
[73] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 51.
[74] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 16.
[75] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 16.
[76] Detective
Superintendent Stephan Gollschewski, Queensland Police Service, Committee Hansard,
7 June 2007, p. 17.
[77] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 35.
[78] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 19.
[79] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, pp 64-65.
[80] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 59.
[81] Corruption and
Crime Commission of Western Australia, 'Organised crime report to the Joint Standing
Committee on the Corruption and Crime Commission with regard to the commission's
organised crime function and contempt powers', December 2005, p. 6.
[82] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 24.
[83] Assistant
Commissioner Andrew Scipione, NSW Police Force, Committee Hansard, 8 June 2007, p. 16.
[84] Corruption and
Crime Commission of Western Australia, 'Organised crime report to the Joint Standing
Committee on the Corruption and Crime Commission with regard to the commission's
organised crime function and contempt powers', December 2005, p. 6.
[85] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 21.
[86] Assistant
Commissioner Tony Harrison, Crime Service, South Australia Police, Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 21.
Chapter 7 - The adequacy of administrative and regulatory arrangements
[1] SIM is an
acronym for Subscriber Identity Module. A SIM is a small card to hold
subscriber details and an electronic password: Australian Communications and
Media Authority, http://toolkit.acma.gov.au/mobile/glossary.htm, viewed 5/09/2007.
[2] Submission
8, p. 11.
[3] Committee
Hansard, 30 April 2007, p. 17.
[4] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, pp 47-48.
[5] Western
Australia Police, Submission 15, p. 5.
[6] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p.19.
[7] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, pp 47-48.
[8] Committee
Hansard, 30 April 2007, p. 22.
[9] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p.19.
[10] Submission
15, p. 5.
[11] The Integrated
Public Number Database (IPND) is an industry-wide database that contains
information on all listed and unlisted public telephone numbers in Australia,
regardless of the service provider. The IPND came into operation on 1 July 1998 and is maintained by Telstra under the Carrier Licence Conditions (Telstra
Corporation Limited) Declaration 1997: Department of Communications,
Information Technology and the Arts, http://www.dcita.gov.au/communications_and_technology/policy_and_legislation/numbering/integrated_public_number_database_(ipnd),
viewed 31 July 2007.
[12] Australian Mobile
Telecommunications Association, Submission 22, p. 2.
[13] Submission
22, p. 2.
[14] Submission
22, p. 3.
[15] Attorney-General's
Department, http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/page/Crimeprevention_Identitysecurity#q2,
viewed 31 July 2007.
[16] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, pp 17-18.
[17] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, pp 17-18.
[18] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 51.
[19] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 20.
[20] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 20.
[21] Corruption
and Crime Commission of Western Australia, 'Organised crime report to the Joint
Standing Committee on the Corruption and Crime Commission with regard to the
Commission's organised crime function and contempt powers', December 2005, p. 8.
[22] Corruption
and Crime Commission of Western Australia, 'Organised crime report to the Joint
Standing Committee on the Corruption and Crime Commission with regard to the
Commission's organised crime function and contempt powers', December 2005, p. 8.
[23] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 68.
[24] Committee
Hansard, 8 June 2007, p. 13.
[25] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 48.
[26] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 46.
[27] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, pp 41-46.
[28] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 60.
[29] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 59.
[30] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 62.
[31] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 60.
[32] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, pp 24-25.
[33] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 59.
[34] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 65.
[35] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 11.
[36] Productivity
Commission, http://www.pc.gov.au/commission/charter.html, viewed 21 August 2007.
[37] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 27.
[38] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 34.
[39] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 33.
[40] Mr Alastair Milroy,
Chief Executive Officer, Australian Crime Commission, Committee Hansard,
6 July 2007, p. 34.
[41] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 38.
[42] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 86.
[43] Dr Toni
Makkai, Director, Australian Institute of Criminology, Committee Hansard,
5 July 2007, p. 86.
[44] Committee
Hansard, 30 April 2007, p. 34.
[45] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 6.
[46] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 84.
[47] The AIC
contracted over $2.5 million of work in 2006.
[48] Dr Toni
Makkai, Director, Australian Institute of Criminology, Committee Hansard,
5 July 2007, pp 85-86.
[49] Dr Toni
Makkai, Director, Australian Institute of Criminology, Committee Hansard,
5 July 2007, p. 82.
[50] Dr Toni
Makkai, Director, Australian Institute of Criminology, Committee Hansard,
5 July 2007, p. 86.
[51] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 85.
[52] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 29.
[53] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 29.
[54] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 29.
[55] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 54.
[56] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 54.
[57] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 54.
[58] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 89.
[59] See
Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Crime Commission, Inquiry
into the manufacture, importation and use of amphetamines and other synthetic
drugs (AOSD) in Australia, February 2007.
[60] Mr Bob Bottom,
Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 28.
[61] Parliamentary
Joint Committee on the Australian Crime Commission, Examination of the
Australian Crime Commission Annual Report 2005-06, June 2007, p. 16.
[62] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 26.
[63] Parliamentary
Joint Committee on the Australian Crime Commission, Examination of the
Annual Report 2004-2005 of the Australian Crime Commission, p. vii.
[64] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, pp 30-31.
[65] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 28.
[66] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 29.
[67] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 29.
[68] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 90.
[69] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 21.
[70] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 47.
[71] Mr Alexander
Webling, Senior Adviser E-Security Strategy, Critical Infrastructure Protection
Branch, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 21.
[72] Professor Rod
Broadhurst, Private Capacity, Committee Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 69.
[73] Submission
6, p. 1.
[74] ABC Radio,
'Your money dot con', Background Briefing, 24 June 2007, transcript, p. 2.
[75] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 90.
[76] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 69.
[77] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 69.
[78] ABC Radio,
'Your money dot con', Background Briefing, 24 June 2007, transcript, p. 17.
[79] ABC Radio,
'Your money dot con', Background Briefing, 24 June 2007, transcript, p. 17.
[80] Committee
Hansard, 7 June 2007, p. 69.
[81] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 90.
[82] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 21.
[83] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 21.
[84] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 85.
[85] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 47.
[86] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 48.
Chapter 8 - The adequacy of cross-jurisdictional databases
[1] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 16.
[2] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 68.
[3] Committee
Hansard, 30 April 2007, p. 16.
[4] Submission
5, p. 8.
[5] Mr Keith Holland,
First Assistant Secretary, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard,
5 July 2007, p. 5.
[6] CrimTrac, Submission
12, p. 2.
[7] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 77.
[8] Mr Ben
McDevitt, Chief Executive Officer, CrimTrac, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 70.
[9] Mr Ben McDevitt,
Chief Executive Officer, CrimTrac, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 71.
[10] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 40.
[11] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 20.
[12] Mr Ben McDevitt,
Chief Executive Officer, CrimTrac, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 79.
[13] Mr Ben McDevitt,
Chief Executive Officer, CrimTrac, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 71.
[14] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 77.
[15] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 77.
[16] Department
of Transport and Regional Services, Submission 24, p. 4.
[17] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 28.
[18] Submission
24, p. 4.
[19] Detective
Superintendent Mark Porter, State Intelligence Division, Victoria Police, Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 17.
[20] Mr Mark Burgess,
Chief Executive Officer, Police Federation of Australia, Committee Hansard,
5 July 2007, p. 42.
[21] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 63.
[22] CrimTrac, Submission
12A, p. 1.
[23] CrimTrac, Submission
12, p. 5.
[24] CrimTrac, Strategic
Plan 2007-2010, p. 5.
[25]
Police Federation of Australia, Submission 5, p. 9.
[26] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 41.
[27]
Committee Hansard, 12 July 2007, p. 13.
[28] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 31.
[29] Australian
Crime Commission, Annual Report 2005-06, p. 10.
[30] Australian
Crime Commission, Annual Report 2005-06, p. 28.
[31] Attorney-General's
Department, Submission 21A, p. 5.
[32] Submission
10, p. 5.
[33] Committee
Hansard, 8 June 2007, p. 4.
[34] Committee
Hansard, 8 June 2007, pp 20-21.
[35] Submission
21A, p. 5.
[36] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 2.
[37] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 72.
[38] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 32.
[39] Committee
Hansard, 6 July 2007, p. 20.
[40] Submission
23, p. 1.
[41] Submission
23, p. 1.
[42] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, pp 82-83.
[43] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 73.
[44] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 68.
[45] Committee
Hansard 5 July 2007, p. 44.
[46] Committee
Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 42.
[47] Committee
Hansard, 13 August 2007, p. 6.
[48] Mr Ben McDevitt,
Chief Executive Officer, CrimTrac, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007, pp 82-83.
[49] Committee
Hansard, 1 May 2007, p. 32.
[50] Mr Ben McDevitt,
Chief Executive Officer, CrimTrac, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2007, p. 71.
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