13 January 1982

Air Florida Boeing 737 crashed in Washington River, during severe snow and ice conditions, killing 74. The case highlighted the effects of severe weather conditions.

Flight International, 22 January 1983.

7 May 1982

Department of Aviation established taking on the former Department of Transports regulatory responsibility for 441 government or licensed airports around Australia and regulating the operations of almost 7000 aircraft. The first Minister for Aviation was The Hon Wal Fife MP.

http://www.airservices.gov.au

24 June 1982

A British Airways Boeing 747 bound for Perth dropped 25000 feet, when its engines failed after passing through a volcanic plume over Indonesia, but landed safely. The CSIRO later undertook ash detection development.

Job, M. Air Disaster 2, March 1996.

9 July 1982

Pan American flight 759 Boeing 727 crashed near New Orleans, probably due to severe wind shear, killing 145.

Flight International, 22 January 1983.

19 August 1982

The Air Accidents (Commonwealth Government Liability) Amendment Bill 1982 debated in Parliament.

House of Representatives Debates, p.735.

26 August 1982

Air Navigation (Charges) Amendment Bill 1982 was put before Parliament to impose an aviation infrastructure levy.

ibid., p. 455

15 September 1982

The Air Navigation Legislation (Validation and Interpretation) Bill 1982 was before Parliament to facilitate the Department of Aviation's legal position.

Senate Debates, p. 1011.

1983

The Advance Inquiry chaired by Sir Sydney Frost looked into the 21 February 1980 crash of a turboprop Beech Super King Air aircraft at Sydney Airport, into the main sea wall, that killed 13. This was the first fatal airline crash in Australia since the loss of Vickers Viscounts in 1968 (26 dead), 1964 (24 dead) and 1961 (19 dead).

Sydney Morning Herald, 7 October 1996.

31 August 1983

Korean Airlines flight 007 Boeing 747 shot down over Sea of Japan by a Soviet fighter, killing 259. On 23 September, a Gulf Air Boeing 737 was lost to alleged sabotage, killing 111. Both cases raised wide concerns and an extraordinary assembly of ICAO.

Flight International, 28 January 1984.

27 November 1983

Avianca Boeing 747 crashed near Madrid Airport killing 181 of the 192 aboard. On 12 December, two aircraft collided at Madrid Airport, killing 92.

Flight International, 28 January 1984.

9 May 1984

The Minister for Aviation The Hon Kim Beazley MP introduced the Air Navigation Amendment Bill 1984, to give protection to aircraft crew-members from the use of cockpit voice recorders for purposes not related to safety.

House of Representatives Debates,
p. 2127.

13 September 1984

The Air Navigation (Charges) Amendment Bill 1984 and the Air Navigation Amendment Bill (No. 2) 1984 introduced by the Minister for Aviation Mr Kim Beazley to provide for charging arrangements. On 13 December 1984, Hon Peter Morris MP became the new minister.

ibid., p. 1288.

1984

The Department of Aviation's released a Review of the Future Role of the Flight Service Officer in the Provision of Air Traffic Services that envisaged the integration of air traffic control functions. With a booklet titled Two Years in the Aviation Hall of Doom aviator and entrepreneur Mr Dick Smith declared that the department had 'had its day' and was 'totally stupid' with regulations that 'reduced safety'. The Minister for Aviation endorsed the safety regime showing Australia having a low accident rate.

Airspace 2000 and Related Issues, p. 1; Canberra Times, 24 May 1985; Australian, 2 March 1985; Flight International, 1 December 1984.

22 November 1984

(Bosch) report released of the Government-commissioned Independent Inquiry into Aviation Cost Recovery.

Australian Financial Review,
21 December 1994.

23 June 1985

Air India flight 182 Boeing 747 was destroyed over the Irish Sea and 329 people died, due to a terrorist bomb later traced to unaccompanied baggage. Security measures were reviewed. Canadian authorities charged a suspect in 2001.

Flight International, 8 March 1986; The Australian, 7 June 2001.

2 August 1985

Delta Airlines flight 191 Tristar L-1011 crashed at Dallas Airport killing 135, due to a violent wind shear microburst. The development of wind shear detectors continued.

Age, 27 July 1987; Sydney Morning Herald, 10 August 1985.

12 August 1985

Japan Air Lines Boeing 747 crashed into a mountain killing 520 of 524, after a structural failure related to maintenance occurred. A review of Boeing 747 structure integrity followed, including inspections of all aircraft.

The Australian, 29 October 1986.

22 August 1985

A British Airtours Boeing 737 caught fire at Manchester Airport killing 54. Many died while trying to escape.

New Scientist, 29 August 1985.

12 March 1986

The Minister for Transport and Minister for Aviation Mr Peter Morris introduced the Air Navigation Amendment Bill 1986 to ratify the (Chicago) Convention on International Civil Aviation and to give effect to its provisions in Australia. These security changes arose from the Korean Airlines flight 007 case of 31 August 1983.

House of Representatives Debates, p.1198.

13 June 1986

Federal Airports Corporation established under the Federal Airports Corporation Act 1985 to assume responsibility for management of 17 major airports by 1988. Meanwhile, Ratner Associates reviewed the Air Traffic Services System while the concept of affordable safety emerged.

Flight International, 25 January 1986.

3 September 1986

An AeroMexico DC9 and a Piper Archer collided on approach to Los Angeles Airport and crashed killing 85, highlighting problems of air congestion and light aircraft detection by larger aircraft.

Age, 3 September 1986.

24 July 1987

Departments of Transport, Aviation and Communications amalgamated to form the Department of Transport and Communications under its Minister, Senator Gareth Evans, who was replaced a year later by Hon Ralph Willis MP.

Airservices Australia web site,
http://www.airservices.gov.au

August 1987

Severe turbulence injured 48 on a flight from Tokyo to Sydney. The following May, on a San Francisco to Sydney Qantas flight, 24 people were thrown around and injured in similar circumstances. The compulsory wearing of seat belts while in flight became an issue, as did the search for effective clear-air turbulence detectors.

Age, 17 May1988; Sydney Morning Herald, 16 May1988.

24 August 1987

Northwest Airlines flight 255 MD-80 crashed on take-off from Detroit killing 156, attributed to crew and power failures. See: http://www.flight255memorial.com/thecrash.html.

The Australian, 25 August 1987.

10 October 1987

Cargo Westwind jet on charter to Ansett crashed off Sydney Airport killing two. As was usual, the Bureau of Air Safety Investigation (BASI) began an inquiry.

Age, 28 September 1987.

8 December 1987

Presentation of the Government's responses to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Expenditure report, No Port in a Storm, on aviation safety regulation, as well as a separate report on sports aviation safety.

House of Representatives Debates,
p. 2943.

28 April 1988

Aloha Airlines Boeing 737 lost part of its side, as a result of fatigue while in flight, taking with it an attendant. The aircraft later landed safely but with injured passengers. Ageing aircraft became an aviation industry issue.

Aviation Week and Space Technology, 24 July 1989; The Australian, 5 May 1988.

June 1988

In an embarrassing debut, an Air France Airbus A320 crashed in a Paris Air Show demonstration killing three. As the first 'fly-by-wire' airliner, it came under scrutiny.

Canberra Times, 27 January 1992.

1 July 1988

Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) established under the Civil Aviation Act 1988 as a separate body from the Department. The Department of (Civil) Aviation and its predecessors had operated from 1945, but Parliament and the Government determined that separation was now best.

1 July 1988

With the introduction of the BASI Confidential Aviation Incident Reporting system, widespread claims emerged of poor maintenance and inadequate pilot standards.

Australian Financial Review,
7 December 1988.

21 December 1988

Pan Am flight 103 Boeing 747 exploded by an alleged Libyan terrorist device over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 270 in the air and on the ground. The issue of airline and airport security continued apace, but only in early 2001 was a Libyan convicted for the sabotage, in a Scottish trial.

ibid., 16 May 1989, Sydney Morning Herald, 1 February 2001.

8 January 1989

British Midland Airways Boeing 737 crashed after a fan blade fractured and the crew shut down the wrong engine. Of the 126 people on board, 47 died near East Midlands Airport. Cockpit design emerged as an issue in crashes. In early 1989, the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) began to permit long-range twinjet flights over the oceans, known as Extended Twin engine Operations (ETOPS) previously restricted to larger craft.

New Scientist, 23 November 1996; Flight International, 1 April 1989.

24 February 1989

United Airlines flight 811 Boeing 747 lost a cargo hatch door and nine passengers after leaving Honolulu for Sydney. In 1999, after checks for explosives or metal fatigue, the United States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) amended the cause to faulty wiring.

Job, M., Air Disaster 3, April 1999.

3 May 1989

The Minister for Transport and Communications Hon Ralph Willis introduced the Air Navigation Amendment Bill 1989 to vary the means of suspending international airline rights.

House of Representatives Debates,
p. 1819.

19 June 1989

United Airlines flight 232 DC-10 crash-landed at Sioux City, Iowa, after an engine fan explosion. Through exceptional handling the crew managed to save 184, while 112 died, in what became a famous case of crew and ground heroism. It also highlighted aircraft maintenance issues.

Job, M., Air Disaster 2, March 1996.

November 1989

The CAA developed an airspace model that rationalised air traffic control (ATC). Meanwhile, after a series of hot air balloon accidents, a consultant Mr Phil Hanson reported to the CAA on measures to regulate balloons and operators.

Age, 6 September 1998; Australian Financial Review, 7 October 1997; CAA Media Release, 20 1990, 4 April 1990; Age, 5 April 1990.

August November 1989

The pilots' dispute between members of the Australian Federation of Air Pilots and major airlines led to serious disruptions and costs to regular air services, with the provision of some flights made by government agencies.

Norington B., Sky Pirates, ABC, 1990.

January 1990

Aviator and entrepreneur Mr Dick Smith appointed Chair of the CAA and promoted an 'affordable safety' policy. He recruited Mr Frank Baldwin from the New Zealand Aviation Authority to restructure the organisation on a district basis, and reduced staff from 7300 down to 3500 over five years. The CAA Chief Executive Mr Colin Freeland and deputy Mr Alan Rainbird both resigned soon after Mr Dick Smith arrived. The Hon Kim Beazley MP became the new Minister for Transport and Communications.

Australian, 16 May 1990; Sydney Morning Herald, 11 June 1990.

February 1990

An Indian Airlines Airbus A320 crashed at Bangalore killing 90. The incident suggested that pilot error and computer malfunction were contributing and intertwined factors and would later become of increased concern.

Canberra Times, 27 January 1992.

11 May 1990

A Cessna Citation 500 crashed at Mareeba killing 11. The Civil Aviation Amendment Act 1990 established the CAA as a government business enterprise. The August 1990 Federal Budget announced that the $73 million contributed towards safety regulation would be phased out in favour of the costs being met by the aviation industry. CAA Chair, Mr Dick Smith said that ways to maximise safety and economy existed.

Senate, Debates, Plane Safe, p.112; Sydney Morning Herald, 11 June 1990 and 11 September 1990.

11 September 1990

Qantas Boeing 747 with 360 aboard missed a USAF C-5 Galaxy plane by a reported 17 metres, while flying over Phuket. The case raised air traffic control clearance issues.

Age and Sydney Morning Herald
14 September 1990.

30 October 1990

The Commonwealth's formalised economic regulation of the domestic airline industry was eliminated with the abolition of the two-airline policy. However, operational and safety regulatory frameworks were retained and a number of the States continued to regulate intrastate services. In December, the operation of Compass Airlines started, to challenge the Australian/Qantas and Ansett airlines duopoly, before the late 1991 demise of Compass.

Transport and Telecommunications Reform Prime Ministerial Statement House Hansard 8 November 1990.

17 December 1990

The Minister for Shipping and Aviation Support, Senator Bob Collins reaffirmed faith in high safety standards when he spoke at the opening of new headquarters for BASI.

Ministerial Media Release 35 1990; Sydney Morning Herald, 4 December 1990.

26 May 1991

Lauda Air Boeing 767 crashed in Thailand killing 223 after the inadvertent deployment of reverse thrust during flight. The FAA later ordered specific thrust reverser changes. Meanwhile, concerns were growing about the effects of lap-top computers and mobile telephones affecting aircraft systems during flight. The issue of bogus aircraft spare parts was of concern here and overseas.

Mercury, 3 November 1999; Australian, 18 October 1991; Sydney Morning Herald, 4 May 1991.

3 March 1991

United Airlines flight 585 Boeing 737 crashed near Colorado Springs killing 25, leading to speculation about the aircraft's rudder design and operation at low speeds.

Australian Financial Review,
23 September 2000.

12 August 1991

A Thai Airways DC-10 overshot a Sydney Airport runway to just miss an incoming Ansett Airbus A320 and a waiting Qantas Boeing 747, controlled under SIMOPS. The 667 people on board the respective aircraft were unharmed.

Sydney Morning Herald, 13 August 1991 and 3 July 1993. ATSB Occurrence Report, 15 Feb. 1993..

December 1991

The CAA introduced a new Airways Management Air Traffic Services (AMATS) system to a mixed response from pilots.

Australian Financial Review, 19 April 1992; Australian Aviation, 8 1998.

20 January 1992

An Airbus A320 crashed into a mountain near Strasbourg killing 87. This was the third loss of the new fly-by-wire type of aircraft operation in less than four years.

Canberra Times, 27 January 1992.

January 1992

Pressure mounted for an inquiry into the contractor chosen by the CAA for The Australian Advanced Air Traffic System (TAAATS) after Hughes Aerospace missed out. Meanwhile, a study into the air traffic system by a United States safety consultant Dr Robert Ratner Associates found Australia was safe, but with room for improvements, citing 24 recommendations.

Canberra Times, 20 September 1997 and 8 May 1992; Australian Financial Review, 8 May 1992; Canberra Times, 23 November 1991.

18 February 1992

CAA Chairman, Mr Dick Smith stepped down after announcing the best set of aviation safety figures in five years, but frustrated by his inability to introduce affordable safety regulations and to restructure military airspace. As President of the Aircraft Owners' and Pilots' Association, he remained a critic of BASI.

Canberra Times, 18 February 1992; Australian, 23 March 1999.

March 1992

CAA selected Thomson Radar Australia for TAAATS while parliamentarians on both sides of politics criticised the choice. The Minister for Shipping and Aviation Support, Senator Bob Collins reconsidered the choice when Parliament heard of unorthodox processes. In May, he called for a Senate Inquiry before being replaced by Senator Peter Cook, who later announced an independent inquiry chaired by the Honourable Ian Macphee AO. Senator Bob Collins became the new Minister for Transport and Communications.

Canberra Times, 20 September 1997; Age, 20 July 1997.

April 1992

Southern Cross Airlines started, in a bid to challenge the two-airline duopoly, but hardly saw the year out before it failed.

ABC Radio 'The World Today',
10 August 1992.

2 July 1992

An Ansett Saab 340 came to rest in a ditch at Devonport Airport, after a crash landing, due to a propeller problem.

ATSB Occurrence Report,15 Oct. 1994.

4 July 1992

An Ansett Boeing 727 experienced engine failure and a fire on take-off from Brisbane, requiring emergency return.

ATSB Occurrence Report, 15 July 1993.

31 July 1992

Thai Airways Airbus A310 crashed in Nepal, killing 113. Two months later, 167 died there when a PIA Airbus A300 crashed. Automated flight systems came under question.

Australian, 26 October 1993.

14 September 1992

A leaked internal CAA document cited poor management, inadequate internal processes and external influences as rife, while major staff cuts and turnovers continued apace.

Sydney Morning Herald, 15 September 1992.

4 October 1992

El Al flight 1862 Boeing 747 freighter crashed into two tall apartment blocks, after leaving Amsterdam Airport, due to an engine pylon failure. Four crew aboard and 39 on the ground died.

Australian Financial Review, 2 July 1993.

December 1992

The Macphee Independent Review of the Civil Aviation Authority's Tender Evaluation Process for the Australian Advanced Air Traffic System report strongly criticised the CAA Board and senior management over the awarding of a $200 million contract for TAAATS to Thomson of France.

Australian Financial Review,
21 July 1994.

February 1993

CAA Chief Executive, Mr Frank Baldwin resigned after the dispute over the TAAATS contract while senior executive Dr Rob Edwards lost his job.

Australian Financial Review,
7 July 1997.

February 1993

Captain Alan Terrell appointed by the CAA Board to report on the effectiveness of the operations of the Safety Regulation and Standards Division.

Plane Safe report, Aviation Week and Space Technology, 8 March 1993.

30 March 1993

The Terrell Report found that general aviation safety standards had fallen under CAA reforms. The Board later accepted all but one of 59 Report recommendations. Mr Ted Butcher stepped down early as Chairman, to be replaced by General Peter Gration with Mr Doug Roser as Chief Executive.

Australian Financial Review, 21 July1994.

11 June 1993

Monarch Airlines Piper Chieftain crashed near Young NSW killing seven aboard. The subsequent coronial inquiry found that the CAA failed to properly monitor the airline while the NSW Air Transport Council had done nothing to alert its minister about problems with the airline (see also the entries for 20 July 1994 and 6 June 1996).

The Bulletin, 5 September 2000; Sydney Morning Herald, 7 June 1996; Canberra Times, 3 June 1994.

29 September 1993

Major Class G airspace management initiative cancelled at the last minute due to industry objections and protests from the former chairman Mr Dick Smith and air traffic controllers.

Australian Aviation, August 1998; Australian Financial Review, 21 July1994; Australian, 1 October 1993; Canberra Times, 30 September 1993; CAA 74/93.

26 October 1993

The Auditor-General's Project Audit into the CAA Centre for Air Traffic Services at Launceston found problems with the ATC centre and valid reasons for its later closure.

Audit Report no. 8 199394, ANAO.

5 December 1993

The Mueller consultant report found a lack of consistent CAA application of safety regulations across Australia.

Canberra Times, 5 December 1993.

7 February 1994

Contract signed for The Australian Advanced Air Traffic System (TAAATS) by CAA with Thomson Radar Australia Corporation and its parent company.

Airservices Australia, www.airservices.gov.au

24 April 1994

South Pacific Airmotive DC-3 on Army charter to Norfolk Island ditched into Botany Bay after engine failure with 25 people aboard, who all survived. The resulting BASI report found that it was overloaded, poorly kept and flown. However, its pilot Mr Rod Lovell disputed all these points.

Age, 19 January 1997; Australian, 30 March 1996; Sydney Morning Herald,
5 August 1994.

26 April 1994

China Airlines (of Taiwan) Airbus A300 crashed at Nagoya Japan to claim 279 lives. The airline had previously lost Boeing 737 aircraft in February 1986 and October 1989 with 67 killed in total. A trend of poor Asian airline records continued to concern the industry.

Sydney Morning Herald, 6 May 1994.

4 May 1994

Opposition Transport spokesman Mr John Sharp MP labelled Seaview Air as operating dangerously and a passenger risk. The CAA upgraded Seaview's licence from charter to regular public transport operator on 27 July.

Sydney Morning Herald, 8 October 1994.

20 July 1994

The Bureau of Air Safety Investigation report into the Monarch Airlines crash at Young in June 1993 suggested the need for new arrangements in air regulation and funding, due to latent organisational failures and deficiencies within the CAA. The Minister for Transport, the Hon Laurie Brereton MP removed the head of CAA safety Mr George Macionis. He also established an Aviation Safety Agency as a separate entity within the CAA. The CAA remained under Chair General Peter Gration and Mr Doug Roser. The Minister also agreed to a parliamentary inquiry into air safety by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Transport, Communications and Infrastructure, headed by the Hon Peter Morris MP, to investigate air safety standards as well as their supervision and compliance. BASI remained under Director Dr Rob Lee.

BASI Investigation Report, 9301743; Minister for Transport News Release, T44/94; Plane Safe.

8 September 1994

USAir flight 427 Boeing 737 flight crashed while approaching Pittsburgh Airport killing 132, after a rudder malfunction. The FAA would much later recommend design changes to 737 rudders for low speed operations. The 737 remained the most common airliner in Australia and now airlines fly them faster on landing approaches.

AAP, 17 April 2000; New Scientist, 4 March 2000; NTSB Press Release, 24 March 1999 SB 9909; Australian Financial Review, 5 October 1999.

2 October 1994

A fatal accident of Seaview Air Rockwell Aero Commander en-route to Lord Howe Island killed nine aboard. On 17 October, the Minister announced a judicial inquiry to be conducted by Sir Lawrence Street into the handling of operations of Seaview Air by the CAA. On 23 December, the Minister announced the appointment of a second commissioner, Mr James Staunton who later replaced Sir Lawrence Street. The Commission of Inquiry into the Relations Between the CAA and Seaview Air commenced on 16 January 1995. The intended reporting date was 31 May 1995, to the Minister for Transport, the Hon Laurie Brereton MP, but the report did not appear until 8 October 1996 (see below) with a new Government and Minister the Hon John Sharp MP. Three other inquiries were conducted through the Parliamentary (Morris) committee, the Federal Police inquiry into dealings between some CAA officers and Seaview, and by the BASI investigation. Some CAA staff were dismissed.

Australian, 8 October 1994, 1 November 1995, 9 October 1996; Aircraft, November 1994; Sydney Morning Herald, 8 October 1994; Age, 8 October 1994.

19 October 1994

Ansett flight 881 Boeing 747 crash-landed onto its nose at Sydney Airport with 274 aboard. The subsequent BASI report questioned Ansett safety procedures and training. In Parliament, the Prime Minister, the Hon Paul Keating MP defended the Minister for Transport over aviation safety matters.

Australian, 20, 21 and 22 October 1994; Sydney Morning Herald, 17 July 1996, 27 September 1996. ATSB Occurrence Report, 18 Sept. 1996.

16 November 1994

The CAA grounded four airlinesSeaview Air, Yanda Airlines, Newcastle Aviation and Uzu Airafter intense surveillance. They were able to resume once deficiencies were rectified. Meanwhile, Qantas Airlink was the subject of media attention on safety concerns. The Parliamentary inquiry into air safety received a submission from a CAA officer claiming that 200 Australian aircraft including commuter planes could lose wings, from structural fatigue.

Minister for Transport, News Release T68/94; Australian Financial Review, 21 October 1994.

3 December 1994

A position paper by the Royal Aeronautical Society titled A Study of the Safety of General Aviation in Australia found unsafe flight practices in light aircraft operations. The CAA Board cleared its Chief Managing Director Mr Doug Roser of any 'impropriety', following allegations of alterations to aviation safety reports about smaller airlines.

Age, 23 March 1995; Australian Financial Review, 5 December 1994; Sydney Morning Herald, 14 November 1994.

30 March 1995

The Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment Bill 1995 and Air Services Bill 1995 introduced. Comment was sought from the House committee inquiry on aviation safety.

Minister for Transport News Release T15/95; House of Representatives, Debates, 30 March 1995, p. 2598; Senate Debates, 21 September 1995
p. 1225.

16 April 1995

CAA officers revealed a backlog of approximately 800 manufacturer warnings, apparently one month after the discovery of some 140 airworthiness directives that had not been implemented.

Australian, 28 March 1995, 17 April 1995.

23 May 1995

The Advisory report on the break up of the CAA from the (Morris) House of Representatives Standing Committee on Transport, Communications and Infrastructure contained legislative drafting recommendations to clearly define a proposed rearrangement of the CAA into two aviation safety organisations. On 30 June, a confidential study by former FAA officials recommended that the CAA Act be amended to stop cost recovery applicable to airworthiness.

Canberra Times, 24 May 1995; Australian, 7 October 1995.

9 June 1995

Ansett New Zealand Dash 8 crashed on top of a hill near Wellington killing four and injuring 17. Investigators found that an undercarriage issue distracted the pilots.

Australian, 17 June 1997; AAP,
4 July 1997.

6 July 1995

The combined Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment Act 1995 and Air Services Act 1995 established the rationale and operating arrangements for the creation of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) and Airservices Australia (ASA) out of the former CAA. ASA became responsible for the delivery of airspace management, control services, aviation search and rescue. In turn, CASA became responsible for the regulation of the aviation industry, licensing of pilots, aircraft certification and the setting of airspace design and safety standards in accordance with the Civil Aviation Safety Act 1988. CAA Chairman, Mr Peter Gibson and chief executive Mr Doug Roser departed when the Minister, the Hon Laurie Brereton MP announced the changes. The new CAA board had Justice William Fisher as Chairman, Mr Leroy Smith as Executive Head, and Dr Clare Pollock, Captain Geoffey Molloy and Ms Gabi Hollows.

House of Representatives, Debates,
7 June 1995, p.1372; Australian Financial Review, 7 October 1997; Minister for Transport News Release, T48/95.

21 September 1995

The Transport Legislation Amendment Bill (No. 3) 1995 proposed changes to the investigative powers of BASI. At the same time, CASA announced the mandatory fitting of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems to regular passenger transport operators, after a series of near misses and a BASI recommendation. The Transport Legislation Amendment Bill (No. 3) 1995 provided for the transfer of air safety investigation powers of BASI from the Air Navigation Regulations to the Air Navigation Act 1920.

Senate Debates, 21 September 1995, p. 1235; Australian, 7, 20 and 23 September 1995.

November 1995

Controversy surrounded the safety of operation of cross or parallel runways at Sydney Airport in conjunction with aircraft noise measures. Parliamentarians on both sides of politics made claims, but it appeared that either means of runway operations was safe.

Australian Aviation, September 1995; Sydney Morning Herald, 7 November 1998.

7 December 1995

Class G airspace trial introduced to replace the previous low level uncontrolled airspace. The Air Navigation Act 1920 was amended to better define the role of BASI to investigate accidents, serious incidents and deficiencies.

House of Representatives, Debates,
28 November 1995, p. 3945.

14 December 1995

The House of Representatives Standing Committee on Transport, Communications and Infrastructure produced the Plane Safe Inquiry into Aviation Safety: the Commuter and General Aviation Sectors report that concentrated on the regulation of a competitive aviation industry by an organisation in conflict, CASA. It said that a combination of poor management and internal battles were counter-productive to aviation safety over the period since 1988. The report contained an extensive set of recommendations pertaining to the operation of CASA and the need for promulgated safety statistics. The Government Response of 5 December 1996 largely agreed with the recommendations and noted work on aviation safety indicators and the creation of an independent advisory panel to review regulations. On the whole, it would seem that the recommendations were implemented, in terms of subsequent reports issued by CASA, the Program Advisory Panel (Kimpton inquiry) and other agencies, as detailed below. Note that a change of government and ministers occurred on 11 March 1996.

Media Release Peter Morris MHR,
23 February 1996; Canberra Times,
24 December 1995; Australian,
22 December 1995.

20 December 1995

American Airlines flight 965 Boeing 757 crashed into the Columbian Andean mountains after the crew became disorientated, killing 159 of 163 aboard. Crew resource management and flight automation remained of concern.

Aviation Week and Space Technology, 9 September 1996, 29 September 1997.

28 February 1996

Alas Nacionales flight 301 Boeing 757 crashed into the sea off Dominica, killing 189.

AAP, 1 March 1996.

April 1996

CASA board members rejected calls for their resignations from the new Minister for Transport and Regional Development, the Hon John Sharp MP.

Australian, 20 April 1996, 10 July 1997.

11 May 1996

ValuJet flight 592 DC-9 crashed into the Florida Everglades killing 110, after a fire on-board. In response to criticism of the airline and itself, the FAA brought in tougher measures for airline inspections.

Australian, 15 May 96; Aviation Week and Space Technology, 25 August 1997.

6 June 1996

NSW Coroner John Gould handed down findings into the 1993 Monarch Airlines crash critical of the airline, the former CAA and the NSW Air Transport Council. The Minister (Mr John Sharp) foreshadowed a review and other actions to address the report's recommendations.

Canberra Times, 7 June 1996; Minister for Transport Media Statement, 6 June 1996 TR46/96.

25 June 1996

The Minister for Transport and Regional Development, the Hon John Sharp MP announced reviews of the regulatory framework and role in an aviation safety ministerial statement. He also introduced the Civil Aviation Amendment Bill 1996 to increase the CASA Board size from four to six people. While the Opposition supported the Bill, it questioned the motives.

House of Representatives, Debates,
25 June 1996, p. 2653.

17 July 1996

TWA flight 800 Boeing 747 exploded at cruise level, after leaving New York, killing all 230 aboard. Investigations would prove controversial, suggesting factors of aged wiring failure causing a short circuit explosion in the fuel tanks. Other lay explanations suggested electromagnetic radiation in the flight corridor or even a meteorite strike. The investigation was the most lengthy and costly ever undertaken by the NTSB. The FAA later issued 40 actions on fuel tank safety but the issue of aged aircraft wiring would continue to cause concern.

Engineering World, October 2000; Commentary, May 2001.

26 September 1996

The Minister for Transport and Regional Development announced an industry-based panel to oversee the CASA regulatory review headed by Ansett's Mr James Kimpton. The review produced recommendations that could be implemented in 1998, while reporting monthly.

Minister for Transport Media Statement 20 and 26 September 1996, TR101 and 110/96.

8 October 1996

The (Staunton) Report of the Commissioner of the Commission of Inquiry into the Relations Between the CAA and Seaview Air was particularly scathing of CAA operations and identified a number of systemic problems. Recommendations included action against two CAA officers, and suggested mechanisms for responsibility, accountability and documentation. The minister urged changes to CASA and its management board positions. BASI undertook a separate investigation of the incident.

House of Representatives, Debates,
8 and 9 October 1996, p. 5046;
Sydney Morning Herald and Australian 9 October 1996.

10 October 1996

The CASA Board released a media statement in relation to certain findings of the Seaview inquiry and lamenting comments about it made by the minister in Parliament.

Australian, 12 October 1996; Sydney Morning Herald, 10 October 1996.

30 October 1996

A large newspaper advertisement with 512 listed names published, later found to be sponsored by the Aircraft Owners' and Pilots' Association, requested the CASA board members to stand aside. It followed the publication of a letter by the CASA Chairman stating why the board should remain in full control despite Ministerial denigration. Meanwhile, CASA developed a program known as Airspace 2000 planned for introduction in 1998. The scheme aimed to achieve an ICAO standard with the use of systems safety, harmonisation and staged delivery.

Australian, 21, 23, 25 and 30 October 1996; Canberra Times, 23 and
31 October 1996.

3 November 1996

Falcon Airlines plane crashed into the sea off Cairns with the occupants safely reaching the shore. The subsequent report by David Wheelahan QC found a possible conflict of interest between CASA, the airline and Minister John Sharp. The Minister had sought an independent report after stating that a response from CASA was inadequate.

AAP, 18 February 1997; Canberra Times, 8 November 1996.

13 November 1996

350 people died when a Saudi Arabia Airlines Boeing 747 collided with a Kazak freighter over India. The event highlighted local concerns over ATC standards.

Associated Press 13 November 1996.

19 November 1996

Concerns expressed in the letter of resignation of the CASA Director of Aviation Medicine Dr Robert Liddell, caused the Minister to ask the Board to reconsider safety.

Minister for Transport, Media Statement TR152/96; Age, 27 November 1996.

5 December 1996

Government response to the Plane Safe report tabled by the Minister for Transport and Regional Development the Hon John Sharp MP. (Refer to 14 December 1995). It included a monthly CASA update on safety breaches. The Senate decided to investigate the purchase of Australia's new search and rescue equipment after faults were found.

Minister for Transport, Media Statement TR167/96; Australian, 6 and 9 December 1996; Age 6 December 1996.

February 1997

Vigorous debates in Parliament regarding CASA Board placements by Transport Minister John Sharp, who continued his criticism of the CASA Board in response to the Wheelahan report and Kimpton inquiry.

Australian, 13, 15 and 17 February 1997.

March 1997

CASA controversy continued with the Report on the Purchase of the Precision Aerial Delivery Systems (PADS) by Airservices Australia by the Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee in March 1997. The report urged the Government to request CASA to address problems highlighted in a report completed by Turtleair regarding search and rescue practices. The June 1997 Government Response to the committee report indicated that resolution of the matters was in hand.

Canberra Times, 14 May 1997.

19 March 1997

Parliament debated the Aviation Legislation Amendment Bill (No.1) 1997 to allow for environmental standards at airports and establish a register of encumbered aircraft.

House of Representatives, Debates
p. 1834.

6 May 1997

After new legislation expanded the CASA board to seven positions, Mr Dick Smith was appointed CASA Deputy Chairman under Chairman Justice William Fischer. Mr Laurence Foley joined the board. In June, Ms Gabi Hollows and Captain Molloy retired to be replaced by Dr Paul Scully-Power and Mr Bruce Byron.

Australian, 10 July 1997.

1 July 1997

Aviation search and rescue responsibilities were transferred from ASA to Australian Search and Rescue (AusSAR) within the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA). The Aviation Legislation Amendment Bill (No. 2) 1997 was debated and covered airport security and passenger compensation issues.

House of Representatives, Debates, p. 5552, 18 June 1997.

6 August 1997

Korean Air flight 801 Boeing 747 crashed into terrain on approach to Guam Airport killing 228 of 254 aboard. The NTSB later attributed the crash to crew error and training, factors apparent in later events for the airline.

Aviation Week and Space Technology, 1 November 1999.

26 August 1997

Broderick/Willoughby report into the relationship between the Director of Aviation Safety and the CASA Board made recommendations on corporate governance.

House of Representatives, Debates,
p. 2288, 12 October 2000.

12 September 1997

CASA also considered the Airspace 2000 proposal of Mr Dick Smith, but deferred it for a year, following lengthy aviation industry objections, even though ASA had approved it on 4 April for implementation on 4 December.

Australian Aviation, October 1997; BP10/98, NPRM 9701RP.

26 September 1997

CASA Director Mr Leroy Keith left after the Board passed a no-confidence motion in his management strategy. Chairman Justice William Fischer and member Dr Clare Pollock both resigned in protest at the Board's handling of the former Director. The New Minister for Transport and Regional Development, the Hon Mark Vaile MP, replaced Mr John Sharp.

Australian Financial Review,
26 September 1997,
7 October 1997.

26 September 1997

Garuda Indonesian Airways flight 152 Airbus A300 crashed on approach to Medan airport killing 234 persons. Prior to this event, Garuda had 28 major accidents with 197 fatalities in nine cases.

Aviation Week and Space Technology, 6 October 1997; Australian Financial Review, 21 February 1998.

9 October 1997

CASA produced Systems for Safety: Reviewing Systems in Civil Aviation Safety. This was a report on the safety standards of charter and low-capacity regular passenger transport operators and followed on the concerns expressed in the Plane Safe report. The report's 22 recommendations had accompanying implementation actions and timeframes to be followed. The Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment Bill 1997 introduced in October aimed to simplify the continuous passenger liability insurance arrangements.

CASA Public Report; Australian Aviation August 1998.

28 November 1997

A Report to the Minister of Transport and Regional Development from the Program Advisory Panel regarding its oversight of the CASA Regulatory Framework and Regulatory Role Programs in the CASA Reviews noted substantial outcomes in respect of draft rules and standards since 1996. This independent (Kimpton) panel foresaw continued consultation and regulatory review ahead, while noting that the Regulatory Framework Program would ensure implementation of the Plane Safe recommendations, as well as aspects of the Seaview Commission in line with international standards.

Australian Aviation, November 1997.

19 December 1997

Singapore Airlines subsidiary Silk Air flight MI185 Boeing 737-300 crashed in Indonesia killing all 104 aboard. Subsequent United States NTSB investigations suggested a cause of pilot suicide, but separately, Indonesia's National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) would not agree. In 2004, A US court found against the rudder manufacturer Parker Hannifin to pay damages to relatives of the dead.

Sydney Morning Herald, 16 December 2000. AAP, 9 July 2004.

24 December 1997

Mr Dick Smith appointed as Chairman of CASA and went on to centralise the authority and close some district offices. Dr Paul Scully-Power became Deputy Chairman, and Mr Michael Ryan and Mr Tony Pyne joined the Board. On 28 August 1998, Ms Janine Shepherd joined the Board.

Age, 6 September 1998.

16 February 1998

China Airlines flight CI 676 Airbus A300 crashed at Taipei Airport killing 203 people. The crash was later attributed to pilot error. Training was said not to have improved since a similar crash in 1994.

Flight International, 22 July 1998,
p. 31.

February 1998

BASI produced a Review of Airservices Australia's Team Operations in Air Traffic Control and Flight Services. As was normal with all BASI investigations, it identified any major safety deficiencies and provided a Safety Advisory Notice for appropriate action. Meanwhile, the privatisation of ATC services became an issue.

BASI Report; Australian Financial Review, 16 June 1998.

26 February 1998

CASA, through ASA, introduced a radar-controlled Class E airspace trial, to replace Class G for six months. It required transponders to be fitted to all aircraft using the region.

Australian, 27 March 1998; CASA, 28 August 1997.

15 April 1998

CASA proposed changes to its charging system, reducing aviation fuel duty while imposing fee for service charges.

CASA Discussion Paper.

6 May 1998

Aquatic Air licence suspended by CASA for 13 days.

Australian Aviation, September 1998.

27 May 1998

Clear air turbulence experienced by a Boeing 747 en route from Kansei to Brisbane injured 17 aboard the aircraft.

ATSB Occurrence Report, 4 May 1999.

1 July 1998

The Minister for Transport and Regional Development, the Hon Mark Vaile MP introduced the Civil Aviation Amendment Bill 1998 to implement the Regulatory Framework reform Program.

House of Representatives, Debates,
1 July 1998, p. 5543.

2 July 1998

Airline Passenger Safety Association Inc was launched. It consisted of a number of individuals interested in promoting the safety-related interests of airline passengers on a national basis.

Minister for Transport News Release.

26 July 1998

Aquatic Air, trading as South Pacific Seaplanes, Cessna 185E seaplane crashed at Berowra Waters NSW killing five people. CASA came under fire for failing to ground it, having lifted a suspension for previous infringements 17 days prior to the crash. Mr Laurie Foley was appointed as CASA's assistant director of compliance by the Chairman Mr Dick Smith and led an inquiry into the crash, despite external criticism of a conflict of interest. CASA suspended the three most senior NSW officials and warned that over 10 per cent of local operators could lose permits.

Australian, 23 March 1999; Age,
6 September 1998; Sydney Morning Herald, 29 July 1998.

August 1998

After several reported incidents, BASI reported on Systemic Investigation into Factors Underlying Air Safety Occurrences in Sydney Terminal Area Airspace. The report contained nine safety recommendations for ASA and CASA, noting some confusion between their respective roles and responsibilities. The report suggested that political meddling in the ATC procedures in airspace above Sydney Airport, aimed at more evenly distributing noise pollution, had significantly reduced safety margins. As well, ATC staff were tired by constant changes. Meanwhile ASA held discussions with several companies about privatising ATC services, including fire-fighting, while the Labor Opposition vowed to oppose the plan.

BASI Air Safety Investigation Report B98 1990; Aviation Week and Space Technology, 7 September 1998; Australian, 20 August 1998.

2 September 1998

Swissair flight 111 MD-11 airliner crashed after leaving New York. All 229 people aboard were killed following a cockpit fire under mysterious circumstances, later traced to the entertainment system and thought likely to be a wiring fault. Aircraft wiring became a major air safety issue.

Australian, 4 September 1998, AAP, 28 March 2003.

October 1998

The Review of the Regulation by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority of Aquatic Air Pty Ltd trading as South Pacific Seaplanes; prepared by Mr Stephen Skehill, of October 1998 followed the fatal Aquatic Air crash north of Sydney in July. The report (released 18 February 1999) found that a small number of CASA actions were defective and not preferable although not improper, including non-suspension of Aquatic Air. The CASA Actions arising from the Skehill Report dated 1 February 1999 detailed a specific list of responses to the findings.

Canberra Times, 9 October 1999.

22 October 1998

The Airspace 2000 Class G airspace trial commenced between Canberra and Ballina amid concerns expressed by pilots, ATC staff and others. In early November, Qantas acted to stop flights into four regional centres until CASA made some changes. After receipt of over 70 air safety incident reports and a BASI investigation of two of them, CASA terminated the trial on 13 December 1998, noting that much had been learned. The interim BASI report found ten major safety concerns. The BASI investigation had required BASI to access CASA files, much to the chagrin of Chairman Mr Dick Smith, who had strongly championed the trial.

Australian Aviation, January and February 1999; Aviation Week and Space Technology, 1 March 1999; Sydney Morning Herald, 7 November 1998.

11 November 1998

Kendall Airlines Saab 340A aircraft rolled over and dived 700 metres in icy conditions on an Albury to Melbourne flight with 31 aboard. The crew recovered control and landed safely. The subsequent investigation found a need for modified stall warning systems on this type of aircraft for icing conditions. (See also entry for 28 June 2002).

Australian, 8 December 1998,
22 June 1999, 25 May 2001; ATSB investigation VH-LPI.

8 December 1998

CASA grounded Coral Sea Airlines after one of its aircraft ditched, on 21 October, some 400 metres short of Horn Island, in Torres Strait.

Australian, 9 December 1998.

9 December 1998

The new Minister for Transport and Regional Services, the Hon John Anderson MP re-introduced the Civil Aviation Amendment Bill 1998 to the House. The Bill was said to facilitate the findings of the review of civil aviation legislation and the Plane Safe and Seaview Air inquiries reports. The aborted Class G airspace trial became the subject of a Matter of Public Importance in the House debate. The Senate continued to monitor air safety by questions and through its committee.

House of Representatives, Debates,
9 December 1998, p.1254.

22 December 1998

A separate Review of Roles and Responsibilities for the Regulation, Design and Management of Australian Airspace (The Hawke Report) concluded. It defined an airspace management regime, by agreement between ASA, CASA, BASI and Government but was not publicly released until later (Also see entry for 4 November 1999).

http://www.dot.gov.au/aviation/hawke
/index.htm.

January 1999

Uzu Air Britten-Norman Islander aircraft crashed in Torres Strait killing three people, twelve days after a CASA grounding warning and a total grounding in 1994 due to safety concerns.

The Bulletin, 5 September 2000.

20 January 1999

CASA released an independent (Pearce) report into how it handled a serious air safety complaint in 1996. CASA Chairman Mr Dick Smith referred the matter to the Federal Police. Later, a CASA participation for safety program was announced to centralise aviation safety compliance functions, but with field staff to be given more freedom for taking action.

Minister for Transport, Media Release 20 January 1999; Canberra Times,
21 January 1999.

9 February 1999

The Minister for Transport and Regional Services, the Hon John Anderson MP released the terms of reference for an independent review of BASI, following the reviews of CASA and ASA. The ASA review, completed in March 1998 was not released. The Opposition renewed its call for an inquiry into CASA operations. The Minister stated that he saw no need for another review but reports of unrest continued in the aviation safety bureaucracy, along with a charge of cronyism made against BASI by the CASA Chairman Mr Dick Smith.

Minister for Transport, Media Release
9 February 1999; Senate, Debate Question 171; p. Canberra Times
12 February 1999.

18 February 1999

The Review of the Regulation by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority of Aquatic Air Pty Ltd trading as South Pacific Seaplanes prepared by Mr Stephen Skehill, dated October 1998 released by the Minister for Transport and Regional Services. It followed the fatal Aquatic Air crash north of Sydney in July 1998. The report found that a small number of CASA transactions were defective and not preferable, although not improper, including non-suspension of Aquatic Air. The CASA Actions arising from the Skehill Report dated 1 February 1999 detailed a specific list of responses to the findings. CASA Chairman, Mr Dick Smith reported as believing that the Skehill report showed the existence of deficiencies continuing at CASA.

Canberra Times, 19 February 1999,
9 October 1999; Bulletin, 13 June 2000.

12 March 1999

In an accident at Melbourne Airport, an Ansett Boeing 737 experienced failure of wing and landing components, due to stress corrosion. Fortunately, there were no injuries.

ATSB Investigation Report, 8 Oct. 2001.

22 March 1999

CASA Chairman Mr Dick Smith resigned amid allegations of collusion between the CASA board and airlines over the Class G airspace trial. The Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee announced an inquiry into Airspace 2000 and related issues including BAe 146 aircraft fumes. The subsequent hearings revealed many issues in air safety and daily concerns.

Sydney Morning Herald, 1 April 2000; Australian, 27 and 30 March 1999. ATSB Occurrence Brief, 6 September 1999.

24 March 1999

Consequent to the El Al Amsterdam disaster, the Damage by Aircraft Bill 1999 was introduced to Parliament and passed to provide for increased compensation. Some Civil Aviation Regulation amendments relating to the privatisation of ATC and fire-fighting services were disallowed in the Senate, as the Opposition foreshadowed.

House of Representatives, Debates,
24 March 1999; Senate, Debates,
8 March 1999.

15 April 1999

Korean Air Cargo MD-11 plane crashed in China killing eight, raising continued concerns about the airline's management.

Age, 11 May 1999.

25 June 1999

A software glitch in the new TAAATS system shut down ATC over Brisbane for seven minutes. ASA claimed later to have fixed it. ASA had joined a consortium bidding to update the FAA's United States ATC systems.

AAP, 16 July 1999.

29 June 1999

Dr Paul Scully-Power appointed as CASA Chairman. He announced a reform program and rewriting of the aviation regulations with a new regulatory services division.

Deputy PM Mr J Anderson, Media Release, 29 June 1999.

19 July 1999

A BASI report on regional air travel raised issues of wide concern. A separate House of Representatives Committee Inquiry into managing fatigue received submissions from aircraft engineers who complained of excessive working hours that resulted in mistakes.

Canberra Times 19 July 1999, 22 July 1999, 5 August 1999 and 13 August 1999.

6 August 1999

The (McGrath) Review of the Bureau of Air Safety Investigation found an effective and respected air accident investigation organisation. However, the report contained 58 recommendations for action. In response, the Government merged BASI with road and maritime safety agencies into a single agency, the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB). There was a call for the ATSB to not report to the Minister for Transport, but another Minister or entity, in order to ensure its complete independence. BASI Director, Dr Rob Lee departed.

Deputy PM Mr J Anderson, Media Release. 6 August 1999.

August 1999

The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) completed a Universal Safety Oversight Audit Program of Australia between 9 and 20 August 1999. CASA developed an Action Plan to address the 16 recommendations. Although the ICAO audit found an adequate comprehensive regulatory system with no significant safety deficiencies, it did note the reorganisation and policy challenges facing CASA. In June 2001, it emerged that three recommendations were not accepted by CASA.

Minister for Transport, Media Release, 11 May 2000 A69/2000; House of Representatives, Debates, 7 June 2001, question no. 2212, p. 26409.

22 August 1999

China Airlines lost a McDonnell Douglas MD-11 at Hong Kong Airport, when it flipped, killing three, during a severe storm. The pilot was criticised for ignoring standards.

China Airlines News Archive.

2 September 1999

In a second attempted landing, during severe weather at Perth Airport, a Boeing 747 engine pod struck the ground.

ATSB Investigation Report,
2 March 2000.

23 September 1999

A serious accident occurred with a Qantas Boeing 747 aircraft landing at Bangkok Airport, Thailand in wet weather, when it overshot the runway and came to rest on a golf course. While some passengers received minor injuries the aircraft required major repairs at a reported total of $100 million. The subsequent ATSB investigation cited contributing factors stemming from airline operating procedures and management as well as the need for CASA to adopt systems safety auditing. The ATSB was also critical of actions of crew on board after the accident, which led to a long delay in allowing passengers to exit. A CASA Board member, Mr Michael Ryan, of Consolidated Press Holdings corporate air fleet was aboard with 410 others.

Sydney Morning Herald, 27 November 1999; Minister for Transport, Media Release A57/01; CASA, MR0022,
25 April 2001; ATSB Media Release,
25 April 2001; ATSB Investigation Report, 199904538, 26 April 2001.

30 September 1999

The Senate forced the tabling of a report by Mr Stephen Skehill on the appointment of a CASA Board member, Mr Laurie Foley, as Assistant Director Aviation Safety Compliance. This (second) Skehill investigation into CASA corporate governance cleared Mr Laurie Foley over selection processes.

Senate, Debates, p. 9309.

31 October 1999

Egyptair Boeing 767 crashed after leaving New York, killing all 217 aboard leading to considerable speculation on the cause, given that it was the third major disaster in the same corridor in less than four years. A claim of pilot suicide appeared to gain the greatest credibility, although contested by his relatives and the airline.

Australian Financial Review,
21 August 2000.

4 November 1999

The Minister for Transport and Regional Services released a policy statementA Measured Approach to Aviation Safety Reform, along with new charter letters for ASA and CASA, following the Hawke report (Also see entry for 22 December 1998). The statement indicated that airspace design, declaration and management would remain with ASA while CASA would retain responsibility for minimum airspace standards and operating procedures. The Minister also sought resolution of experimental and sports aviation, education and ATC matters. Meanwhile ASA settled in secret the TAAATS contract dispute with Hughes Corporation.

Canberra Times, 7 November 1999 and 10 November 1999.

9 November 1999

ASA was awarded the International Air Transport Association (IATA) 'Eagle Award' as a world leader in the provision of air navigation services. After much work, the air safety system would pass through the Year 2000 'millennium bug' barrier without incident, amid reports of contaminated fuel in planes.

Minister for Transport, Speech AS20/99.

22 November 1999

The ATSB Systemic Investigation into the Class G Airspace Demonstration report found several major safety deficiencies in airspace management. CASA stated its acceptance of the BASI recommendations following termination of the trial period and the view that CASA's previous role in airspace reform was in conflict with its role as the safety regulator. The ATSB report was also critical of the previous CASA Chairman Mr Dick Smith, while he in turn accused ATSB of being captive to union and airline interests in order to thwart efficient change. The ATSB also noted that the trial did provide information for future planning.

ATSB Investigation Report B98/166; Canberra Times, 24 November 1999; Australian, 26 November 1999.

23 November 1999

The Australian National Audit Office reported on Aviation Safety Compliance by CASA in response to a recommendation in the Plane Safe report. While finding a competent agency, the report noted continuing turmoil within CASA that warranted stable management processes. CASA agreed with all of the 13 recommendations relating to safety targets and corporate plans so that procedures and documentation adhere to regulations. The audit also noted that CASA had no 199899 corporate plans.

Audit Report No. 19 19992000 Performance Audit, ANAO; Deputy PM Media Release.

January 2000

Contaminated aviation gasoline fuel (avgas), created by a temporary variation at the Mobil refinery, led to the grounding of general aviation aircraft for inspection. The subsequent ATSB report noted inadequate international standards for avgas. Mobil subsequently paid over $17.6 million in compensation to over 4000 claimants, to avoid a class action.

The Australian, 31 March 2001; Australian Aviation, March 2000.

30 January 2000

An Alaska Airlines MD-83 crashed into the Pacific Ocean off Los Angeles killing 88, after a stabiliser failure. After take-off at the Ivory Coast, a Kenya Airways Airbus A310 crashed into the Atlantic Ocean killing 169 of 179 aboard.

Air Safety Online Crash Database: http://www.crashdatabase.com/

16 February 2000

Civil Aviation Amendment Bill 1998 was finally passed by the Senate. The Bill provided for harmonised and changed regulations.

Senate, Debates, p. 11835.

18 February 2000

The Federal Government appointed a new consultative body, the Aviation Safety Forum (ASF). It was to provide strategic advice to CASA on matters of cultural change, cost structures, the Regulatory Reform Plan and policy aspects and, serve as a link to industry interests.

Deputy PM speech notes.

1 March 2000

After a nine-year gestation, TAAATS was officially commissioned. The delay was in part due to litigation by one of the five unsuccessful contract bidders, Hughes Corporation. Final cost estimate was $377.5 million for completion by the Thomson-CSF company. TAAATS would win a number of international and local awards and become recognised as one of the most advanced air traffic control systems in the world. However, some early glitches and power failures, at Sydney Airport on 6 July and 1 August, tested both ATC and TAAATS.

Australian Aviation, May 2000.

23 March 2000

The Aviation Safety Foundation Australia launched an aviation industry code of best practice containing a set of guidelines for excellence in operating standards.

Deputy PM Media Release.

April 2000

The Aviation Legislation Amendment Bill (No. 2) 2000, later to become (No. 1) 2001, proposed after a review of civil aviation legislation by CASA. The Bill sought to facilitate the ongoing review of civil aviation regulations in line with ICAO standards. The Aviation Legislation Amendment Bill (No. 1) 2000 aimed to liberalise restrictions on airline ownership and increase penalties for breaches of the Sydney Airport curfew.

House of Representatives, Debates,
12 April 2000, p. 15754.

22 April 2000

An accident with a Qantas Boeing 747 aircraft occurred at Rome Airport Italy. While taxiing with 317 aboard, a strut failed. A reconditioned wing strut was declared a contributing factor.

Age, 15 June 2000.

11 May 2000

ICAO concluded that Australia's air safety system was generally satisfactory after a safety audit of CASA found 16 action points. This followed Senate Estimates Committee hearings in which allegations emerged of wastage of CASA information technology resources.

Deputy PM Media Release.

31 May 2000

Whyalla Airlines Piper Navajo Chieftain aircraft flight 904 crashed in Spencer Gulf, South Australia, with eight dead. It led to further claims of inadequate air safety regulation. CASA later grounded the airline after a suspension hearing in the Administrative Appeals Tribunal.

Australian, 1 August 2000.

8 June 2000

An Ansett A320 and a Qantas Boeing 767 passed within a reported mile of each other over Alice Springs, after a traffic and collision avoidance system alert. As a result, ASA stood some staff down. Meanwhile in June, Impulse Airlines expanded domestic operations to challenge the incumbent domestic airline duopoly of Qantas and Ansett.

Australian, 15 June 2000, 25 May 2001. ATSB Investigation Report,
8 May 2001.

21 June 2000

CASA announced a rewriting of aviation maintenance regulations over a two-year period. Subsequent introduction of regulatory changes proved controversial and not always successful, according to reports.

Sydney Morning Herald, 22 June 2000.

25 July 2000

An Air France Concorde crashed after take-off from Charles de Gaulle Airport killing 113 people. The cause was attributed to damage resulting from the ingestion of debris on the runway but also was linked to poor design and maintenance factors.

Canberra Times, 27 July 2000; Intelligence Newsletter, no. 402
23 March 2001.

25 August 2000

Gulf Air Airbus 320 crashed in the sea off Bahrain killing 143 after a go-around. Meanwhile, Virgin Blue Airlines commenced operations in Australia to challenge the dominance of Qantas, Ansett and Impulse Airlines.

Australian, 1 September 2000.

5 September 2000

A Beechcraft Super King Air plane crashed while pilot-less, when all eight aboard had earlier suffocated, after depressurisation. The ATSB had previously recommended mandatory audible depressurisation alarms but CASA did not follow up this action until the next year.

The Australian, 13 October 2000; Canberra Times, 8 February 2001.

11 October 2000

The Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee reported on the Administration of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority Matters related to Arcas Airways. The inquiry concerned the concealment of unofficial aircraft defect records and led to recommendations for legal prosecutions and creation of a new Director of Aviation Safety within CASA. CASA responded by taking action on the recommendations and demoted its head of aviation compliance Mr Laurence Foley.

CASA Media Release, 12 October 2000.

12 October 2000

The Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee reported on Air Safety and Cabin Air Quality in the BAe 146 Aircraft following many reported cases of fumes. A history of such events and related factors was examined with resulting recommendations for national standards for air flows. CASA later issued a directive for the grounding of any Australian BAe 146 aircraft with cabin fumes. However, the aircrafts British makers rejected the findings.

Australian Financial Review, 13 October 2000.

27 October 2000

An Ansett Boeing 747 encountered severe turbulence near Guam, causing injury to two passengers.

ATSB Investigation Report,
28 May 2001.

31 October 2000

Singapore Airlines flight SQ006 Boeing 747 crashed while attempting to leave Taipei Airport during a typhoon. Later investigation revealed that the plane used a runway that was closed for construction and struck ground objects. 83 persons aboard the jetliner died.

Australian, 1617 December 2001.

1 November 2000

CASA Director Mr Mick Toller came in for continued criticism over breaching air laws during personal flights. He received counselling about the incidents but remained in his position. The CASA Chair, Dr Paul Scully-Power also came under scrutiny over his incorrectly alleged status as a fighter pilot and astronaut. He was a private pilot and payload scientist.

Canberra Times, 1 November 2000.

1 November 2000

China Eastern Airlines Airbus A340-300, with a hydraulic leak, skidded off a runway while landing at Sydney Airport. Fortunately, there were no injuries.

Sydney Morning Herald, 2 November 2000.

22 December 2000

Just prior to Christmas, Ansett grounded seven of its Boeing 767 aircraft after an employee discovered that required inspections had not occurred in March. The mandatory inspections were performed with CASA supervision. A Boeing Alert Service Bulletin was then rediscovered (but did not become public until April 2001). Hairline cracks were discovered in the horizontal tail surfaces of some aircraft. Cracks were then found in the engine pylon mounts of three aircraft along with a crack in the tail of one that remained grounded after Christmas. These were similar to those that doomed the El Al Cargo Boeing 747 (see entry for 4 October 1992). CASA placed conditions on Ansett operations and maintenance procedures, although it emerged that CASA had granted Ansett an extension for inspections a year previously. CASA had adopted a new systems audit approach to apply management programs to airlines. The ATSB also investigated the groundings and compliance of CASA, Boeing and Ansett as a safety deficiency issue.

Australian Financial Review, 17 April 2001; Sydney Morning Herald, 13 April 2001; Australia Aviation 6/01 (Ansett Chronology).

18 January 2001

In a serious incident, a Boeing 737 encountered severe microburst windshear while going around at Brisbane.

ATSB Media Release, 20 Sep 2002.

30 January 2001

At Melbourne Airport, an Emirates Boeing 777-300 aborted take-off as a result of a loud, left engine failure.

ATSB Occurrence Report, 12 Feb 02.

22 February 2001

The Director of Aviation Safety at CASA, Mr Mick Toller, stated that it was twice as safe to fly on a scheduled airline flight in Australia, than in Europe or North America. The Aviation Legislation Amendment Bill (No. 1) 2001 passed to provide minor technical amendments to existing legislation.

The Australian, 22 February 2001.

3 March 2001

Fire destroyed a Thai Airways International Boeing 737-400 after it exploded while at the Bangkok Airport Terminal, killing a flight attendant and injuring seven other people, shortly before the Thai Prime Minister was due to board. The event was linked by Boeing to empty centre fuel tank pumps and the need to follow proper operating procedures, mindful of the infamous TWA loss.

Australian Aviation, 6/01.

7 March 2001

The Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Transport and Regional Services, Mr John Anderson, described Australia's air safety record as outstanding, noting that Ansett was the second safest airline in the world and Qantas the third. He appointed Air Vice Marshall Neil Smith to the CASA Board.

House of Representatives, Debates, Question Time, p. 25275.

5 April 2001

Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee concluded an extended inquiry into the impact of airspace management, ASA services, and aspects of air safety. The report noted the criticisms of the Airspace 2000 model, location specific pricing of terminal navigation and firefighting services as leading to increasing costs for regional aviation. The report generally called for more study into these matters. The Inquiry later continued on to CASA's Administration of Air Operator Maintenance, Regulation and Oversight functions as well as CASA's oversight and auditing of Ansett's maintenance regimes. A leaked internal audit report suggested that CASA had not improved since the 1999 Auditor General's report. The Opposition called for the next Australian National Audit Office review of CASA to be brought forward.

Airspace 2000 and Related Issues; Australian Aviation 6/01.

12 April 2001

Just prior to Easter, CASA grounded ten of Ansett's Boeing 767 aircraft after one was found to be flying with an inoperable emergency slide. The continuing problems were said to reflect a lack of control and alleged deficiencies in CASA's surveillance perhaps due to cost cutting and staff cutbacks. CASA threatened Ansett with withdrawal of its Air Operators Certificate by 20 April 2001. See also ATSB Occurrence Detail #200101606.

Canberra Times, 17 and 22 April 2001. Aviation Week and Space Technology, 23 April 2001. Australian Financial Review, 18 April 2001. Australian Aviation, 6/01.

20 April 2001

CASA accepted Ansett's plans for changes to its maintenance and operational areas. Ansett embarked on a major media campaign as its grounded aircraft began to return to the air, just as leaked photographs of cracked pylons appeared in the press.

CASA MR0121, Courier Mail,
21 April 2001.

2 May 2001

Qantas announced a takeover of Impulse Airlines operations. Late in the month, it also announced a bid for a stake in Air New Zealand which in turn might have divested itself of a stake in Ansett; the latter the subject of possible investment interest by Singapore Airlines.

Sydney Morning Herald, 2 May 2001.

7 May 2001

CASA and ATSB in dispute over the latter's investigation into the former's grounding of Ansett planes. The Minister for Transport and Regional Services, the Hon John Anderson MP counselled both organisations.

Canberra Times, 8 May 2001.

24 May 2001

CASA announced a new penalty regime for minor safety breaches, while the Federal Budget gave it an extra allocation of $24.2 million for aviation safety compliance.

Sydney Morning Herald, 25 May 2001. Canberra Times, 25 May 2001.

25 May 2001

Further disruption to Ansett operations when three Boeing 767 aircraft and a Boeing 737 were temporarily grounded for minor repairs.

Australian, 26 May 2001.

31 May 2001

Release of the Tom Sherman (consultant) report to CASA into two incidents involving the CASA Director of Aviation Safety Mr Mick Toller. The report cleared Mr Toller of any criminal actions, stating that counselling was sufficient. He was re-appointed for another three-year term, while the CASA Chairman, Dr Paul Scully-Power, retired to be replaced by Mr Ted Anson, then Chairman of the Australian Maritime Safety Authority. The Opposition criticised both appointments. The Government asked Mr Anson to consider the existing CASA Board structure and to report in 2002 on whether it is appropriate for safety regulation to be a statutory authority.

Minister for Transport, Media Release A75/01, A78/2001.

6 June 2001

The FAA announced a US$11.5 billion, 10year plan to modernise ATC by greater use of modern space-based satellite communications systems.

National Public Radio News.

7 June 2001

The Auditor-General reported on Air Traffic Data Collection by ASA. The audit found some problems with manual data at smaller airports that ASA agreed to address.

ANAO Audit Report no. 48, 200001.

12 June 2001

The ATSB found aviation in Australia to be safer than in the United States and Canada, with a decline in accidents here over the past decade. However, general aviation was the sector with the most accidents.

Deputy Prime Minister Media Release A83/01.

18 June 2001

In a serious incident at Perth Airport, a Boeing 737 had to take evasive action to avoid a runway sweeping truck.

ATSB Occurrence Report, 27 Sep 02.

3 July 2001

Vladivostok Avia airlines Tupolev-154M crashed near Irkutsk killing 145 aboard. Since 1973, the Tu-154 had had 20 fatal accidents, with about 1000 aircraft in service.

Canberra Times, 5 July 2001, p. 9.

20 July 2001

Memorandum of Understanding published between the ATSB and CASA, following earlier disputes over Ansett.

ATSB web site.

1 August 2001

An Ansett Boeing 737 aborted landing at Canberra Airport, due to a truck on a runway. The runway was undergoing an extension at the time.

ATSB Occurrence Report, 21 Jan 2002.

8 August 2001

The Federal Government announced a study into Deep Vein Thrombosis as a threat to long distance air travellers.

Deputy Prime Minister Media Release A107/01.

11 September 2001

Three hijacked planes struck domestic United States targets while a fourth crashed after passengers sought to retake control of it. American Airlines flight 11, a Boeing 767 bound from Boston to Los Angeles, was the first to hit the World Trade Center North Tower in New York City. United Airlines flight 175, also a Boeing 767 from Boston to Los Angeles, later struck the Center's South Tower. American Airlines flight 77, a Boeing 757 en route from Washington-Dulles to Los Angeles hit the Pentagon in Washington D.C. A half-hour after the Pentagon attack, United Airlines flight 93, a Boeing 757 jetliner en route from Newark, New Jersey, to San Francisco, crashed about 130km south east of Pittsburgh. All 266 aboard these aircraft died, while the destruction of the various buildings involved cost around 3,000 lives. Air security became a major global and political issue.

Various.

8 October 2001

SAS flight 686 rammed an airport hanger after colliding with a small plane at Milan Airport, killing over 118 people. Investigators later charged airport and air traffic control officials with negligence. They were later jailed.

Canberra Times, 9 October 2001, p. 7.

19 October 2001

The Federal Government announced New Aviation Security Measures in response to terrorism, involving more screening of passengers at 29 major Australian airports.

Minister for Transport Media Release A205/2001.

22 October 2001

In a serious incident, according to the ATSB, at Alice Springs, a Boeing 737 encountered severe turbulence.

ATSB Accident Report, 16 Aug 02.

19 November 2001

The Federal Government decided to introduce armed security officers on regular public transport flights.

Minister for Justice and Customs, Media Release, 19-11-2001.

12 November 2001

American Airlines flight 587 Airbus A300-600 crashed after take off from New York's John F Kennedy Airport killing all 260 aboard and 5 on the ground in local suburbs. Investigation began into a faulty tail fin vertical stabiliser.

AAP, 12 March 2002.

27 November 2001

A Qantas Boeing 767 engine failed north of Melbourne necessitating an emergency return to that airport.

ATSB Occurrence Report, 2 Oct 2002.

27 November 2001

A chartered Beechcraft King Air C90 crashed on take-off at Toowoomba killing 4 aboard, due to an engine failure.

ATSB Accident Report, 3 Dec 2002.

19 December 2001

Release of the Whyalla Airlines Piper Chieftain report. It focused on the need for seat restraints, life belt use, CASA surveillance, engine maintenance and refueling procedures.

ATSB Media Release, ATSB Occurrence Report, 19 Dec. 2001.

10 January 2002

A Korean Air MD11 freighter tipped onto its tail at Sydney Airport during unloading.

Canberra Times, 10 January 2002, p. 3.

14 January 2002

Former CASA Chairman, Mr Dick Smith, Airservices Australia Chairman, Mr John Forsyth and CASA Chairman, Mr Ted Anson, formed as a Special Aviation Reform Group (ARG), to advise the Minister for Transport on a Low-Level Airspace Reform Plan (LAMP) and a National Airspace System (NAS) by 25 March 2002.

Australian, 15 January 2002, p. 1. Minister for Transport, Media Release A22/2002, A16/2001.

25 January 2002

Justice Minister, Senator Chris Ellison announced an extra 179 Australian Protective Services officers to be sent to 11 major city airports to more than double security levels.

Age, 26 January 2002, p. 13.

30 January 2002

CASA grounded Territory airline Air Ngukurr for allegedly breaching 22 safety rules.

Northern Territory News, 30 January 2002, p. 4.

1 March 2002

A British Airways Boeing 747 experienced engine failure near Parkes, necessitating an emergency return to Sydney.

ATSB Occurrence Report, 24 Sept 2003.

5 March 2002

The last ever Ansett flight lands to end 66 years of history. See the Parliamentary Library Chronology of 18 July 2003 online titled: Key Australian Aviation Policy Developments: The Ansett Airlines Context 1937.

http://www.aph.gov.au/library/
pubs/online/ansettchron.htm.

21 March 2002

ICAO Council adopted stronger flight security standards.

ICAO Release.

26 March 2002

Low Level Airspace Reform Plan (LAMP) and a National Airspace Plan (NAS) from the Smith/Forsyth/Anson ARG before the Minister for Transport and Regional Services. The NAS recommendation was said to be based on an American model. ARG established an implementation group to proceed. On 13 May the Federal Government accepted the schemes.

House of Representatives Debates,
12 March 2002, p. 938. Minister for Transport, Media Release A34/2002, A54/2002, Australian, 15 May 2002.

15 April 2002

Air China flight 129 Boeing 767 crashed in fog near Pusan, South Korea, killing 112 of the 166 aboard the aircraft.

Canberra Times, 16 April 2002, p. 1.

24 April 2002

A Boeing 737 flight near Darwin received a TCAS alert over a possible conflict with an Embracer 120 aircraft.

ATSB Occurrence Brief, 25 Nov 2003.

4 May 2002

An Executive Airline Services BAC111 crashed into suburbs of Kano, Nigeria killing a total of 154 persons.

AAP.

5 May 2002

Mid air collision of a Piper Cherokee Warrior and a Socata Tobago killed four near Bankstown Airport, Sydney.

Sydney Morning Herald, 6 May, p. 1.

7 May 2002

An Egypt Air Boeing 737500 flew into a hill in bad weather on second approach to Tunis Carthage Airport in Tunisia, killing 18 of the 54 aboard. All 112 aboard died when a China Northern MD-82 crashed into the Yellow Sea after a fire, en route from Beijing to Dalian in China.

AAP.

14 May 2002

The Federal Government announced aviation security measures involving armed officers, screening and funds. On 13 May, it announced adoption of the NAS airspace model by accepting the recommendations of the ARG.

Budget Measures 2002-03, Budget Paper No. 2. Minister for Transport, Media Release A54/2002.

16 May 2002

The Federal Government released its response to the recommendations of the Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee Report on the Administration of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority: Matters related to Arcas Airways. These matters largely related to procedural and legal actions.

Minister for Transport and Regional Services, The Hon John Anderson MP, Deputy Prime Minister.

26 May 2002

China Airlines flight 611 Boeing 747200 crashed into the sea off Taiwan with the loss of all 225 on board, after falling apart in flight. A fuel tank explosion was suspected, but later investigation focussed upon structural failure.

Canberra Times, 27 May 2002, p. 9.

June 2002

The Federal Government released its response to the recommendations of the Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee Report on the Air Safety and Cabin Air Quality in the BAe 146 Aircraft. On 22 July fumes forced evacuation of a BAe 146 at Brisbane.

Northern Territory News, 23 July 2002, p. 2.

11 June 2002

In a serious incident, a Virgin Blue 737 overran the runway in Darwin, a result of crew action and training that required subsequent review.

ATSB Media Release 2004/03,
16 March 2004.

28 June 2002

Release of the Australian National Audit Office Follow-up Audit of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority found general compliance with the 1999 audit recommendations. The audit raised three matters and issues of risk identification.

Auditor-General Audit Report No. 66, 2001-2002.

28 June 2002

In a serious incident, a Hazelton SAAB 340 flight 186 from Sydney to Bathurst rolled severely with 32 aboard. Subsequent ATSB investigation highlighted wing ice as the cause, noting the incident of 11 November 1998.

ATSB Accident and Incident Report,
28 January 2004. Australian, 6 August 2002.

1 July 2002

Mid air collision of a Tupelov 154 charter flight and DHL Boeing 757 over Switzerland killed all 71 aboard both. European air traffic control procedures came into serious question and review, amid plans for system automation.

Sydney Morning Herald, 3 July 2002,
p. 1. Age, 6 July 2002, p. 23.

3 July 2002

The House of Representatives Standing Committee on Transport and Regional Services announced a new Inquiry into regional aviation services. Its report, Making Ends Meet, of November 2003, focused on financial aspects.

Standing Committee on Transport and Regional Services Media Release.

22 July 2002

The Chivell Coronial inquiry into the Whyalla Airlines flight 904 crash, commenced in Adelaide, following public criticism of the Australian Transport Safety Bureau's work.

Age, 22 July 2002, p. 4. ATSB Response to critique of the Whyalla report.

27 July 2002

In the world's worst air show disaster, 83 people were killed when an SU-27 fighter crashed at Lviv, Ukraine.

Canberra Times, 29 July 2002, p. 1.

10 August 2002

In a serious incident, a British Airways Boeing 747 returned to Sydney with a cargo bay fire, requiring an emergency landing and mobile stairway tarmac evacuation.

ATSB Occurrence Report, 18 Dec 2003.

16 August 2002

Airservices Australia proposal, to shift Sydney, Adelaide and Perth Terminal Control Units to Melbourne and Brisbane, created continuing controversy.

Australian, 16 August 2002, p. 29. Financial Review, ditto, p. 25.

24 August 2002

In a serious incident, a Qantas flight 108 Boeing 747 and Aero Mexico flight 460 infringed minimum separation standards at Los Angeles International Airport.

ATSB Occurrence Brief, 6 March 2003.

27 September 2002

Piper Cherokee crash on Hamilton Island killed six aboard. The ATSB report raised matters of drug and alcohol usage.

ATSB Media Release 2004/06.

September 2002

The Transport Safety Investigation Bill 2002, designed to widen ATSB's powers, considered by Parliament and a Senate Committee, before its passage on 26 March 2003.

Hansard various dates. Introduced 20 June 2002.

12 November 2002

The Opposition forced changes to the Civil Aviation Amendment Regulations 2002 (No. 2) Statutory Rules 2002 No. 167 to defer any privatisation of ASA services.

Shadow Minister for Transport, Martin Ferguson MP Media Release 26-09-2002.

15 November 2002

The ATSB released the final Ansett 767 safety report which highlighted the need for the planning and supervision of regular aircraft inspections.

ATSB Media Release 2002/19.

16 November 2002

In a serious incident, a Boeing 717 and a Dash 8 north of Mackay twice compromised separation standards, a result of a safety deficiency requiring a review by ASA.

ATSB Accident Report, 7 June 2004.

18 November 2002

The Minister for Transport and Regional Services, the Hon John Anderson MP announced the intended abolition of CASA board by mid 2003 to be replaced by more direct Ministerial controls.

Canberra Times, 19 November 2002, p. 3. Sydney Morning Herald, p. 7.

21 November 2002

ATSB reopened Whyalla Airlines VH-MZK Investigation as the SA State Coroner continued a separate inquiry. The ATSB would later disagree with his key conclusions.

ATSB Media Release, 21 November 2003, ATSB Media Release, 24 July 2003 .

4, 5 December 2002

The Aviation Legislation Amendment Bill 2002 was debated in the House. It was an update to a previous bill on security issues.

Hansard. Introduced on 14 March 2002.

8 December 2002

Air New Zealand flight 132 Boeing 767200 made an emergency landing at Brisbane after an engine failure with 200 aboard. There was substantial damage to the engine area. The accident remained under investigation in 2004.

Sydney Morning Herald, 9 December 2002, p. 2. ATSB Accident Report,
23 January 2003.

11 December 2002

The Federal Government announced new aviation security measures including tighter screening and more officers.

Minister for Transport, Media Release A150/2002.

17 December 2002

The Federal Government announced an examination of a unified air traffic management system between the military and civil air traffic control agencies (RAAF and ASA).

Minister for Defence, Media Release, MIN 758/02.

16 January 2003

The Australian National Audit Office released its Performance Audit of Aviation Security in Australia. The Department of Transport and Regional Services agreed with its recommendations.

Auditor-General Audit Report No. 26, 2002-2003.

19 February 2003

In a serious incident at Darwin, a landing Qantas Boeing 737 left the wet runway, sustaining engine, tyre and wing damage. The matter remained under active investigation.

ATSB Occurrence Report, 27 Mar 2003.

19 February 2003

A Cessna light aircraft was hijacked from Hedlow, near Rockhampton, to Mackay, but reached a safe conclusion.

Australian, 20 February 2003.

5 March 2003

CASA issued Virgin Blue with a formal air safety warning relating to documentation and procedures. This followed concerns that pilots were not conducting safety checks.

Age, 6 March 2003, p. 8. Canberra Times, 2 March 2003, p. 3.

7 March 2003

At Melbourne Airport, United Airlines flight 815 Boeing 747, with 162 aboard, ran off the taxiway after a loss of steering control. There were no injuries.

Australian, 8 March 2003, p. 7. ATSB Occurrence Report, 21 April 2004.

27 March 2003

The Civil Aviation Amendment Bill 2003 introduced to Parliament to abolish the CASA Board and change powers, along with the Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment Bill. The Aviation Transport Security Bill 2003 also introduced.

Minister for Transport, Media Release A25/2003.

13 May 2003

The Federal Budget extended for another year the Location Specific Pricing subsidy for Airservices Australia charges. The Budget allocated $2.1 million to reform Australias airspace management, including the implementation of the National Airspace System (NAS).

Minister for Transport, Media Release A13/Budget.

29 May 2003

A Qantas Boeing 717 flight from Melbourne to Launceston was the scene of an onboard knife attack that injured two crew and two passengers before the assailant was subdued.

Age, 30 May 2003, p. 12. Sydney Morning Herald.

5 June 2003

The Joint Committee of Public Accounts and Audit started a review of aviation security in Australia. Meanwhile, the Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee reviewed the Aviation Transport Security Bills 2003.

JCPAA Media Release, Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee, 10/2003.

2 July 2003

After landing at Sydney Airport, Qantas flight 6 Boeing 747 carried out a precautionary tarmac emergency evacuation.

Australian, 3 July 2003, p. 5.

22 July 2003

CASA Director Mick Toller announced his retirement for 8 August, to be replaced by Deputy Aviation Safety Director, Mr Bruce Gemmel.

Age, 23 July 2003, p. 6.

20 August 2003

ATSB reported an improved aviation safety environment with the overall fatality rate declining at 8% per year.

ATSB Aviation Safety Indicators 2002.

September 2003

Air traffic controllers and some pilot groups rallied against the proposed NAS changes claiming them to be unsafe. This came as the Government responded to the Airspace 2000 report of the Senate Transport References Committee.

Australian, 26 September 2003. Sydney Morning Herald, 30 September 2003.

9 October 2003

The Civil Aviation reform bills passed through Parliament to abolish the CASA Board and provide for security policy.

Minister for Transport, Media Release A119/2003.

20 October 2003

NAS en-route charts distributed for a 27 November start, without radio frequency details, led to wide pilot outcry.

Canberra Times, 21 October 2003,
p. 2.

28 October 2003

ATSB Supplementary Whyalla Airlines Investigation Report tabled to reconfirm the ATSB December 2001 report, rather than the SA State Coroners July findings.

ATSB Media Release 2003/07.

30 October 2003.

Mr Bruce Byron AM, appointed as the new Chief Executive Officer and Director of Aviation Safety for CASA. He replaced acting director Mr Bruce Gemmell.

Minister for Transport, Media Release A132, 2003.

27 November 2003.

Initial implementation of NAS changes, in conjunction with parliamentary debate and wide media coverage.

Australian Aviation, Jan/Feb 2004, p. 44.

3 December 2003

A Virgin Blue flight north of Melbourne received a TCAS alert over a possible conflict with a light plane. ASA, Virgin Blue and the ATSB investigated the incident.

Canberra Times, 4 December 2003, p. 1, ATSB Occurrence Brief, 18 Dec 2003.

5 December 2003

A $93 million aviation security package announced by the government to include airport screening, identification and aircraft cockpit door strengthening measures. Meanwhile, the Aviation Transport Security Bills 2003 pass the House.

Minister for Transport, Media Release 155/2003.

23 December 2003

A new charter and strategic direction released for CASA.

Ditto, A170/2003.

24 December 2003

A Virgin Blue flight near Launceston received a TCAS alert over a possible conflict with a light aircraft. The ATSB found this to be a serious incident, unlike the 3 December event. The ASA later provided portable radar at Launceston to improve air traffic control surveillance.

Mercury, 25 December 2003, p. 1. ATSB Media Release 2004/01.

19 January 2004

The ATSB recommended that CASA and ASA, in consultation with the NAS Implementation Group, review NAS procedures and communications requirements for operations in Class E airspace, particularly for Air Transport operations during climb and descent in non-radar airspace.

ATSB Media Release 2004/01. ATSB Occurrence Report 19 Jan 2004.

21 January 2004

A survey by Flight International magazine found that the number of air crashes throughout the world fell to a record low in 2003. There were 27 accidents involving fatalities out of a global tally of more than 50 million aircraft journeys. The number of people killed was 702.

Flight International, February 2004.

10 February 2004

Airservices Australia advised that the introduction of the NAS did not follow prescribed governance procedures.

Australian, 11 February 2004, p. 3.

12 February 2004

Airservices Australia Chairman, Mr John Forsyth resigned amid claims of bungling of the introduction of the NAS.

Age, 13 February 2004, p. 1.

16 February 2004

Airservices Australia review of NAS identified a number of areas where safety could be improved, including use of transportable radar to extend surveillance coverage and the distribution of new charts indicating air traffic control frequencies, plus other possible future options to be tested.

Canberra Times, 17 February 2004, p. 3.

21 February 2004

The Aviation Self Reporting Scheme (ASRS) began operation to replace the Confidential Aviation Incident Reporting (CAIR) scheme.

ATSB Statement to Industry,
27 January 2004.

3 March 2004

The Aviation Transport Security Bills 2003 passed the Senate after review of the Regulations by the Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee.

Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee, 12/03

19 March 2004

NAS member Mr Dick Smith drew attention to an improvement in aviation safety statistics since the new airspace system began, while Broome International Airport considered taking legal action against any further changes.

Australian, 19 March 2004, p. 26.

22 March 2004

A Sydney bound Qantas flight 188 Boeing 767 reportedly passed within 800m of an Air New Zealand Boeing 767 flight, while under Indonesian air traffic control over Biak. A similar event on 19 June raised further Qantas concerns.

Australian, 22 May 2004, p. 9. 30 June 2004, p. 5.

1 April 2004

The Federal Government announced the proposed establishment of a Departmental Directorate to handle airspace change regulation, instead of the normal implementation of such matters by Airservices Australia.

Australian Financial Review,
2 April 2004, p. 10.

7 April 2004

A Virgin Blue flight near Maroochydore received a TCAS alert over a possible conflict with a light aircraft. However, ATSB investigation found that procedures were followed.

Courier Mail, 10 April 2004, p. 9. ATSB Media Release 2004/10.

21 April 2004

The ATSB advised of no adverse safety trend since NAS stage 2b was introduced on 27 November 2003.

ATSB Media Release 2004/09.

29 April 2004

The government announced its satisfaction with airspace reforms and the continued implementation of changes.

Minister for Transport, Media Release A48/2004.

8 May 2004

Australia and the United States signed an aviation security deal for air security officers to be deployed on flights between Australia and the United States.

Minister for Justice and Customs, Media Release E57/04.

11 May 2004

The Budget provides extra funding for ATSB, CASA and continuation of the location specific pricing subsidy.

Budget Media Releases.

26 May 2004

The Australian Aviation Council (AUSAC) launched as a new representative body for the aviation industry.

Minister for Transport, Media Release A59/2004.

25 May 2004

Qantas lower-fare, subsidiary airline Jetstar commenced operation, utilising both primary and subsidiary airports.

AAP

31 May 2004

CASA required changes to the planned next round of NAS reforms to ensure mandatory broadcast zones continued.

Australian, 31 May 2004, p. 4.

June 2004

Provisions of the Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment (Mutual Recognition with New Zealand and Other Matters) Bill 2003 considered by the Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee. The Committees report held differing views on whether New Zealand and Australian safety standards were equal.

Senate Debates.

9 June 2004

In a serious incident en route from Jakarta to Sydney, a Boeing 767 first officer was overcome with a gastric virus. On 16 June a Boeing 747 co-pilot suffered acute back pain. In both cases, the remaining crew safely landed their jets.

ATSB Occurrence Briefs, 30 June 2004.

24 June 2004

The Joint Committee of Public Accounts and Audit released its review of aviation security in Australia. While generally favourable, five recommendations ensued on aspects of security committee interactions, identification cards, security awareness training and regulations.

JCPAA Media Release. AAP.

30 June 2004

Some four hours into flight, a Korean Airlines aircraft was ordered by authorities to return to Sydney, due to Office of Transport Security concern over a passenger.

AAP.

17 June 2004

The Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee report on the Provisions of the Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment (Mutual Recognition with New Zealand and Other Matters) Bill 2003 was tabled. The Report raised issues of harmonisation and safety.

June 2004

The Senate Legal and Constitutional Legislation Committee report on the Provisions of the Civil Aviation Amendment (Relationship with Anti-discrimination Legislation) Bill 2004 was tabled. The report raised some safety issues.

18 July 2004

A departing Jetstar Boeing 717 took evasive action, to maintain separation from a landing Qantas Boeing 737 at Hamilton Island, leading to extensive media coverage.

Australian, 19 July 2004, p. 3.